International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.
BRAZIL
In general, Brazilian culture is informal. Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet. Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking. Even if this is unusual in your culture, try not to move away if it happens. If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.
On the other hand, if you are invited to someone’s house, you should take a gift — like flowers or chocolate. However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.
If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.
SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia is a very traditional country. It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first. People shake hands in business situations, but men and women do not touch in public.
In a business meeting, do not start with business matters at once. Instead, lead in the conversation by asking about people’s family or health. Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late. Being on time is less important in Saudi Arabia than it is in most western countries. Business dress is formal.
Gifts are not expected at business meetings. If you are invited to a Saudi home, acceptable gifts are chocolate or coffee. Be careful not to admire the things the host owns, because he or she will feel necessary to give an item to you as a gift.
1. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A.kissing on the cheek when greeting |
B.dressing formally when invited |
C.preparing gifts at business meetings |
D.standing very close when talking |
①lead-in topics ②greetings ③arriving time ④giving gifts ⑤dresses
A.①②③④ | B.①②④⑤ | C.①③④⑤ | D.②③④⑤ |
A.To ask more people to travel to different countries. |
B.To introduce some basic rules in different cultures. |
C.To teach tourists how to understand English culture. |
D.To show different opinions about different cultures. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Now that nobody knows for sure what the world will look like in the near future, it can be fun to picture some jobs we might be able to apply for in the coming decade!
Distant drone (无人驾驶飞机)drivers and pilots
How cool would it be to deliver packages from the comfortable office? That’s the way of the future with delivery drones and self-driving trucks. Zach Howard says, “Many delivery companies will soon need lots of drones and a large number of skilled pilots who can run the drones.”
Rewilders
To save Mother Nature, someone will need to remove the damage humans have done to the environment. Through the Jobs of 2030 project, an organization guesses we will need rewilders to remove the damage to the countryside caused by people, factories, cars and farming. These workers will be responsible for removing walls to give flight paths back to birds and replacing roads with forests.
Gamification (游戏化)marketing experts
This future expert will need to make online shopping feel like a game; that is, gamification is about keeping customers more delighted during shopping. The gamification marketing expert will help keep online buyers’ attention by making their experiences more playful and exciting.
1. According to Zach Howard, distant drone drivers and pilots ________A.can earn lots of money. |
B.are required to work outdoors. |
C.need update drones regularly. |
D.will be in great need. |
A.keeping track of birds’ health. |
B.returning the roads to forests. |
C.constructing more roads for villagers. |
D.preserving the cultural heritage. |
A.By creating fun online shopping experiences. |
B.By reducing the competition between stores. |
C.By decreasing their daily cost of playing games. |
D.By making them more likely to communicate. |
【推荐2】Research has shown that people tend to get more happiness from spending their money on experiences, such as travel and entertainment, than on things, such as clothes and electronic goods. But are people happier during the purchased (购买的) experience itself? Or does the happiness come more from expecting or remembering the experience?
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, offers an answer. Our experiential purchases bring us greater pleasure in terms of expectation and remembrance than do our material purchases, but they also bring us greater in-the-moment enjoyment, the study found.
For the study, the researchers recruited (招募) 2,635 adults who agreed to receive texts at any time during the day. The texts began with a happiness question, which asked the participants (参与者) to rate how they felt “right now” on a scale from very bad to very good. Half of them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hour, such as clothing or electronic goods. The others were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hour, such as eating in a restaurant or attending a concert.
The researchers found that the purchasers of the experiences express higher levels of happiness than the purchasers of the material goods, no matter how much the purchases cost.
To address possible differences in types of purchasers, the researchers conducted a second study in which they researched more than 5, 000 adults. “We still observed the same result,” said Amit Kumar, the study’s lead author.
The researchers said a possible explanation is the endurance (持久) of experiences in people’s memories, while the observed value of material goods weakens over time.
“If you want to be happier, it might be wise to shift (转变) some of your spending away from material goods and a bit more toward experiences,” Kumar said. “That would likely lead to greater happiness.”
1. Why does the author put forward two questions in paragraph 1?A.To introduce a new study. | B.To make a fact clear. |
C.To compare different research. | D.To doubt the opinion presented. |
A.To ask them about their spending plans. |
B.To monitor their purchasing behavior and emotions. |
C.To understand their needs and spending habits. |
D.To find out the change in their purchasing choices. |
A.The desire to purchase things weakens over time. |
B.People are more willing to spend money on things. |
C.Experiential purchases bring more happiness than material ones. |
D.People will get more pleasure from spending money than making it. |
A.Spend more on experiences. |
B.Make future spending decisions. |
C.Be happy with what they have bought. |
D.Consider its value when buying a product. |
【推荐3】In the good old days, gold miners could seek out visible spots of bling at the surface in order to find deeper, richer veins. These days, prospectors must examine samples of dirt for more minute traces suggestive of a hidden mine below. Analysing water from boreholes can also provide clues, but boreholes are scarce and new ones are costly and time-consuming to drill.
Trees offer an alternative that has come off in Australia. The idea has been around since the 1940s but, until now, never practical. Some trees have roots that reach deep underground, drawing up water and, along with it, tiny quantities of minerals that end up distributed throughout the tree. In this way, even lofty leaves bear traces of what lies far beneath. In areas where there is no gold, leaves may have a background level of 0. 15 parts per billion (ppb) of gold; on gold-rich sites that can rise to 4ppb.
In proof-of-principle studies over the last few years, Nathan Reid and his team at CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, have shown that biogeochemical prospecting closely agrees with the surface and groundwater analyses. Inspired by these results, Marmota, an exploration firm, put the method to the test at its Aurora Tank site, 50km from the highly-productive Challenger mine in South Australia.
Leaves collected immediately around a known deposit that lies beneath ten metres of rock contained traces of gold. Further samples were taken 40 metres apart around known deposits, and at wider spaces farther out. This turned up several anomalies, where gold seemed to be present but other tests had shown nothing. “The usual surface sample testing was saying ‘Don’t drill here’,” says Colin Rose, Marmota’s executive chairman, “but the tree sampling was saying ‘Drill here’. ” Then came the pay-off. Drilling revealed a five-metre-thick vein with 27g of gold per tonne, more than 30 metres below the surface. A metre-thick inner layer held an impressive 105g per tonne.
Marmota is keen to explore further. Prospecting with trees is starting to look less like a scientific curiosity and more like a golden opportunity.
1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.Challenges facing previous gold miners. | B.Important clues about richer gold veins. |
C.Conventional ways of gold prospecting. | D.Problems brought by drilling boreholes. |
A.Produced an unexpected outcome. | B.Obtained a successful result. |
C.Reached a full agreement. | D.Received immediate acceptance. |
A.It failed to find a gold vein. | B.It was done around unknown deposits. |
C.It confirmed the approach of Reid’s team. | D.It proved the accuracy of the surface analysis. |
A.Mining in the middle of nowhere? No kidding | B.Looking for gold? Don’t look down; look up |
C.Growing trees bearing gold? Not a story | D.No more gold? Don’t worry; just relax |
【推荐1】The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment. These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.
David Tilman, a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota, America, examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how diet affected health. He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized(工业化), the population increased and earnings rose, more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.
The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. By eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker. David Tilman says overweight people are at greater risk of non-infectious diseases like diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease.
Unfortunately when people adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these health problems, especially in developing countries in Asia. China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one per cent to 10 per cent of the population as they began to industrialize over a 20-year period. And that is happening all across the world, in Mexico, in Nigeria and so on.
And, a diet bad for human beings, is also bad for the environment. As the world's population grows, more forests and tropical(热带的) areas will become farmland for crops or grasslands for cattle. We are likely to have more greenhouse gases in the future from agriculture than those coming out of all forms of transportation right now.
Mr Tilman calls the link between the diet, the environment and human health “a trilemma”: a problem offering a difficult choice. He says one possible settlement is leaving the Western diet behind.
1. We can infer from the passage that .A.Nigeria has the largest number of diabetes cases |
B.overweight people are at higher risk of infectious diseases |
C.the examined information comes from developing countries |
D.industrialization contributes to the spread of the Western diet |
A.transportation | B.developing countries | C.agriculture | D.developed countries |
A.the diet, the environment and human health are closely connected |
B.the Western diet is the only choice as the nation industrializes |
C.people in tropical areas are more likely to have heart disease |
D.traditional diets are more balanced than the Western diet |
A.To call on us to protect the environment. |
B.To warn us of the danger of the Western diet. |
C.To remind us of the importance of health. |
D.To advise us to have a balanced diet. |
【推荐2】As you get older, you'll meet a wider range of people from different cultures. Culture is an idea that isn't easy to understand. People often use the term to refer to things like food, holidays, clothing and music.
Maybe you've recently met someone from a different culture you find interesting.
Read books by and about people who are different from you. Reading memoirs (回忆录), biographies and other nonfiction books is an obvious way to learn about a country or someone's life.
A.Make friends with him/her. |
B.But it also goes much deeper than that. |
C.Show respect towards people from other cultures. |
D.You may think you know a lot about a culture or place. |
E.Differences between us are what makes life so interesting. |
F.There are many ways to understand other people's cultures. |
G.Also don't ignore novels that have been translated from other languages. |
【推荐3】When you’re visiting another country, you may be thought impolite or rude if you don’t do as the Romans do.
·Be careful of what you give to Chinese friends. China has a long history and colorful cultures, so you have to pay attention to the cultural traditions. When presenting your Chinese friends with flowers, avoid using white. Because they are connected with death.
·
·Don’t ask for salt when dining in Egypt. In many cultures, like the United States, it’s all right to ask for salt to add to your food. But if you’re dining with friends and colleagues in Egypt, keep in mind to avoid asking for salt.
·Lose a tooth in Greece. For many countries, children are told to keep the baby teeth under the pillow and the Tooth Fairy will give them money in exchange for their teeth. But Greek children are told to throw their teeth onto the roofs.
A.They are very beautiful |
B.It means health to the kids |
C.Mind your table manners in Norway |
D.Because it is an impolite action to the host |
E.In Greece, you can share your idea with the host |
F.However, white flowers mean cleanness and purity in the United States |
G.Knowing some cultural traditions and customs around the world will help you |