What I Know about Aboriginal During Adventure
During my adventure, what impresses me most is something about Aboriginal in Australia, which is worth mentioning. They have a complex and fascinating spiritual life. Their culture is filled with ceremonies with special meaning, among which the Walkabout coming of age ceremony for 16-year-old young men is definitely an intense one.
Traditionally, young men who are undertaking their Walkabout ceremony are dressed noticeably. So others know what they are doing. Their bodies are covered with paint and the way they are decorated varies based on region—some will even receive a permanent mark when they set out, such as removal of a tooth.
The journey can cover as much as 1, 000 miles. The landscape of Australia is famously dangerous with soaring temperatures and poisonous creatures, so the young man must be able to adequately and safely provide for himself. He needs to know how and where to get clean water, to build safe shelter, to hunt for food and to identify edible plants. He must also know which plants are medicative as to care for his own wounds and injuries.
While the physical aspect of the Walkabout helps young men prove they are capable members of their tribe, the spiritual aspect makes them a worshiper. He is expected to reflect on his relationship with his ancestral land. He is taught to sing traditional spiritual songs known as “songlines”, which describe their ancestral milestones such as rivers and rock formation. They boys are not given modern instruments such as compasses or drawn maps, so the boy makes his journey with the aid of a spoken map.
Today, the traditional Walkabout ceremony is still considered as an extremely important part of their identity by some young boys, but the physically demanding aspects of the Walkabout seem to lose out. Some young men want to complete Walkabout but do not feel comfortable doing so on foot. Others are unable to take a monthly Walkabout due to school or work. They may choose to experience the Walkabout as a road trip, driving through their ancestral lands.
Nevertheless, as long as the ceremony helps boys connect with their ancestors, the tradition will never fade.
1. How do people know about what aboriginal young people are doing at the Walkabout ceremony?A.From their famous landscape. | B.From the communication with local people. |
C.From the songs they often sing. | D.From the features of their dressing. |
A.lack of efficient transportation | B.their good ability to build shelter |
C.the harsh condition of landscape | D.the aid of a spoken map |
A.Walkabout ceremony is the most important ceremony among aboriginal. |
B.Ancestral milestones still have an impact on capable young man in the tribe. |
C.The tradition of the ceremony is likely to disappear even if preserved well. |
D.The physically demanding aspects are taken into account at the Walkabout ceremony. |
A.criticize the negative aspects of Walkabout ceremony of aboriginal |
B.call on us to preserve the tradition of Walkabout ceremony |
C.appeal to us to worship our ancestors more |
D.give an objective introduction of a traditional ceremony |
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【推荐1】Let’s take a look at these traditional events in the UK.
World Gurning Championships
Gurning is a British word meaning to pull a funny facial expression. The World Gurning Championships sets out to crown(加冕) a contestant who can pull the strangest face of all. The contest takes place every year in Egremont, Cumbria, as part of the town’s Crab Fair, which dates back to 1267.
Nettle eating contest
Hosted by the Bottle Inn pub in Marsh wood, Dorset every year, this 20-year-old nettle eating contest sees dozens of competitors take part in eating as many nettle stalks(荨麻茎) as possible within one hour. Winners normally eat around 70ft of nettle stalks!
Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival
Every January, the Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival takes place, which dates back more than 200 years. The strange festival consists of a performer wearing a five-stone metal and straw bear costume, while parading through the town streets with a group of Appalachian and Morris dancers.
Wife carrying race
If you think your husband is strong enough to carry you in a race, then you may be in with a chance of winning this odd tradition, held in Dorking, Surrey every March. The sport actually originates from the Viking invasion(入侵) of 793 AD. The tradition wasn’t revived in the UK until 2008, but now comes with a friendlier feel. The winner receives £100, while the carrier of the heaviest wife is given a pound of sausage.
1. What do we know about World Gurning Championships?A.It was briefly banned. | B.It is part of another activity. |
C.It attracts funny-looking players. | D.It originates from an English word. |
A.Wife carrying race. | B.Nettle eating contest. |
C.Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival. | D.World Gurning Championships. |
A.They are held in the wild. | B.They are yearly events. |
C.They are invented by farmers. | D.They’re only for strong players. |
【推荐2】Christmas Traditions
Since about 400 AD, Christmas day has been celebrated on 25th December. This date was the old mid-winter festival in pre-Christian times, around the time of the longest night and the shortest day. Christmas in the 21st century has many traditions.
Shops can make about 60 per cent of their year's income in the three months before Christmas. So most shops get ready for it in October. The shopping centres are beautifully decorated and stay open late at night. The first time this happened was in 1867 when Macys', a famous shop in New York, stayed open until midnight on Christmas Eve (24th December).
By mid-December, almost every house, shop and street has a Christmas tree. This tradition was started by the Germans as early as 700 AD. In the northern countries of the world, winter is cold and dark and most trees lose their leaves. The beautiful green trees decorated with lights and coloured glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
Father Christmas is known across the world with his white hair, red coat and big bag of toys. Young children are told that he lives it in the north of Finland and makes toys for them. By tradition, he brings the toys to children at midnight, on the night before Christmas.
On Christmas day a traditional meal is eaten, usually turkey and a rich, spicy cake. Some people hate Christmas. Others feel it is a magical and exciting time. They love seeing family and friends; they also love the traditions. Love it or hate it, Christmas is a time to look back over the old year and forward to the new one.
1. Christmas has been celebrated ________.A.for over 3,000 years | B.for over 1,600 years |
C.since the start of the 21st century | D.for 400 years |
A.they can stay open later | B.they are beautifully decorated |
C.much of the income is made | D.more people go shopping |
A.they make people think of Germany | B.they are easy and cheap to get |
C.they lose their leaves in winter | D.they make people think of spring |
A.a real person who lives in Finland | B.a magical story for kids |
C.a character in a film | D.a real person who makes toys |
A.On Christmas day people love to visit friends. |
B.Christmas time is loved by some people and hated by others |
C.Christmas is a magical and exciting time for all. |
D.On Christmas day turkey is a traditional meal. |
【推荐3】Austin City Limits (ACL) Music Festival is a music event that is held every year. It takes place at Zilker Park in Austin, Texas, and is hosted over two weekends in late September and early October, each lasting three days. It is an event that has grown in popularity since it began and now has as many as 450,000 people taking part in it.
The festival was founded in 2002 and is produced by C3 Presents, which is an Austin-based company. At first, it was inspired by a weekly music series broadcast, filmed live by KLRU, the local Austin television station, which is also called Austin City Limits. The first event was only two days long and 67 bands performed on five stages and the audience was around 25,000.
By 2003, around 100 bands were taking part in ACL Music Festival and in 2004, the event grew to over eight stages and extended (延续) to three days. The top attendance at the event was 75,000 people. The festival even won the Pollstar’s Festival of the Year Award in 2005. That year became known as the “Dust Bowl” year as the festival crowd kicked up so much dust that it was difficult for festival goers to breathe. The organizers settled this problem by using watering devices on the site.
With the exception of heavy rain in 2009, the festival continued over the next few years without any major dramas. In 2013, the organizers decided to extend the event over two weekends. Another important fact about that year was that the event was canceled on the third day of the second weekend due to heavy rain causing floods. Besides, the festival was called off due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020.
In recent years, there have been many excellent actors performing at the festival. Other than that, there are many other attractions at ACL Music Festival. These include Austin Eats and ACL Art Market. Furthermore, there is an ACL Cares section at the festival that allows festival goers to give something back to the community.
1. Where did the organizers get inspiration of ACL Music Festival?A.From a stage play. | B.From a TV program. |
C.From a wonderful film. | D.From a performance by 67 bands. |
A.It became a three-day event. |
B.It was canceled for the bad performance. |
C.It was ruined by the dust blown by the wind. |
D.It met some trouble brought by the festival crowd. |
A.Its time was extended. | B.Its organizer was replaced. |
C.Its drama style was changed. | D.Its performance form was fixed. |
A.The Creation of ACL Music Festival | B.The Attractions at ACL Music Festival |
C.The Influence of ACL Music Festival | D.The Development of ACL Music Festival |
【推荐1】Strategically adding weak points along microscopic chains called polymers (高分子聚合物) actually makes them harder to tear, researchers report in the June 23 Science. Polymers are used in car tires, and therefore the findings could help reduce plastic pollution as tires wear down over time.
When tires rub against the road, they drop microplastics of rubber and plastic polymers, which pollute waterways and air. Every year, tires release an estimated 6 million metric tons of these microplastics into environment. Stronger polymers that break apart less easily could limit the amount of particles shed annually.
To make such tough materials, Stephen Craig, a chemist at Duke University, and colleagues added molecules called cross-linkers to the polymers. These cross-linkers connected these polymer chains to their many neighbors, and they were specifically designed to break apart easily. At the microscopic scale, the polymers act like a tangle (乱团) of spaghetti with the cross-linkers holding them all together and helping them keep their shape, says Craig’s collaborator Shu Wang, a chemist at MIT. When the team stretched the polymer spaghetti, the individual cross-linkers broke easily, as expected. But the larger tangle material required more force to break than they expected.
The secret to the increased toughness lies in the path the tear has to take, Craig says. The tear goes through the easy-to-break cross-linkers rather than through the tougher polymer chains. Each broken connection follows the path of least resistance but avoiding the long polymer chains means breaking many cross-linkers, which requires more stretching force overall.
This isn’t the first time researchers have used weak connectors to make polymers stronger. But unlike in similar materials, the increased toughness doesn’t come at the expense of other beneficial properties like stiffness (风度). Craig says he hopes the findings will help extend the lifetimes of car tires and plastics, potentially limiting annual microplastic pollution.
1. What benefit does the new material bring?A.It meets the road standard. | B.It weakens plastic polymers. |
C.It releases less microplastics. | D.It reduces the cost of car tires. |
A.It follows the pattern of spaghetti. | B.It is designed to fall apart easily. |
C.The polymers help keep its shape. | D.The larger tangle is harder to break. |
A.The weakness of the cross-linker. | B.The strength of the polymer chains. |
C.The number of the cross-linkers used. | D.The path the tear takes through the material. |
A.It initially uses weak connectors. | B.It sacrifices stiffness for toughness. |
C.It lengthens the lifespan of car tires. | D.It removes annual microplastic pollution. |
【推荐2】Uber and Hyundai have joined forces to develop a flying taxi to be used for the ride-sharing company, and you could order one within three years. The two companies showed a model of the futuristic electric air taxi at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas.
Eric Allison, head of Uber Elevate, said, “We’ve been making satisfactory progress towards a goal of launching Uber Air ride-sharing program by 2023.”
The self-flying electric taxi is designed to carry up to four passengers with a pilot and fly on trips of up to 60 miles. It will be 100% electric, and during the busiest hours will need around five to seven minutes to recharge, according to Hyundai. And while the air taxi will be controlled by a pilot at the beginning, Hyundai believes that in the near future, it could be autonomous.
Hyundai will produce and deploy the air taxis, while Uber will provide airspace support services, connections to ground transport, and the computer system for customers. Mr. Allison added, “We believe Hyundai has the possibility to build Uber Air flying taxis at a great speed unseen in the aerospace industry of the present time, producing high-quality carriers at high volumes to drive down passenger costs per trip.”
According to Uber, the air taxis will first be launched in three cities — Los Angeles, Dallas, and Melbourne. Once the taxis are up and running, they could help to stop the pain of sitting in a long line of cars on a road that cannot move.
Jaiwon Shin, Head of Urban Air Mobility Division at Hyundai Motor Company, added, “We are in a completely new period of time in which the skies above our cities will be opened. Urban Air Mobility will set people free from heavy traffic, so that they can spend more time on activities they care about and enjoy.”
1. What do we know about the air taxi?A.It will have room for four people. | B.It is expected to be used around 2023. |
C.It can fly automatically when launched. | D.It will take several minutes to be fully charged. |
A.Hyundai will volume-produce the air taxis. | B.Uber will help Hyundai deploy the air taxis. |
C.The air taxis will be popular among the rich. | D.The air taxis will be used in the aerospace industry. |
A.The service of Urban Air Mobility. | B.The growth of Urban Air Mobility. |
C.The purpose of Urban Air Mobility. | D.The success of Urban Air Mobility. |
A.Education. | B.Health. | C.Technology. | D.Business. |
【推荐3】Silkworms(蚕)were first brought from Asia to the ancient city of Byzantium around A. D. 550. It was two men who presented some silkworm eggs from China to Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in Constantinople, where he created a fruitful silk industry. Silkworms reached Italy through Sicily in the 12th century, and by the 13th century, silkworm farming had moved north to the Po River Valley. By the 16th century, silkworm farming had been introduced to the Como area.
Since silkworms require a constant, mild temperature, entire sections of farmhouses were turned over to them and whole families would often join in the work, adding fuel round the clock to fires to maintain the proper warmth. “Some even gave the worms the house and slept outside with the animals, ”says Ester Geraci, an official at Como’s Educational Silk Museum.
The process began with the 10-to 14-day incubation(孵化)of silkworm eggs. According to the museum, keeping the tiny, delicate eggs at just the right temperature was the task of the women. Once hatched, the worms, only about one millimeter long, had to be fed night and day. From a birth weight of only half a milligram, they would grow 10, 000-fold to a final weight of around five grams and a length of 8 to 9 centimeters in just 30 days. Then, in the final three days of their youth stage, the worms would start to make their cocoons (茧) out of one continuous thin silk-up to 1, 200 meters long-which they produced from near their mouths. After about a week, the cocoons were placed briefly in a hot, dry place to kill the adult insects inside. These cocoons were then put in hot water to facilitate the difficult and boring task of obtaining the silk. The minute end of the cocoon’s silk had to be located and placed onto a round object, which then unwound it from the water-warmed cocoon. The silk was then cleaned and made into fabric.
1. Which can best describe silkworm farming outside China?A.It was a short-term investment. |
B.It benefitted fruit growers. |
C.It upset local emperors. |
D.It was a success story. |
A.Raising silkworms was a backbreaking job. |
B.Silkworms like living in a cool environment. |
C.Raising silkworms in farmhouses was common. |
D.Silkworms living with other insects grow healthy. |
A.They produce silk 3 days after being hatched. |
B.They gain weight quickly in about a month. |
C.They grow to 8 to 9 centimeters in two weeks. |
D.They need one week to come out of their eggs. |
A.To explain how silkworms reached Italy. |
B.To encourage people to raise silkworms. |
C.To introduce the farming of silkworms. |
D.To show the life cycle of silkworms. |