Astronauts go to bathroom just like everybody else. However, it can be tricky in space because gravity is so weak that people and objects appear to be weightless. It means that toilets cannot flush(冲洗) the same way that they do on Earth. So we have started a competition to get ideas from around the world to develop a new space toilet that would work aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as well as on Moon.
The competition, titled “NASA’s Lunar Loo Challenge”, has a total prize of $ 35, 000 to be shared by winning teams. Anyone above 14 can apply to this challenge, and the winning design will receive a $ 20, 000 reward. The second-place design will win $10, 000, and the third-place winner will win $ 5, 000.
The competition also includes a junior category(类别) in which anyone under the age of 14 can apply with their creative space toilet ideas. Winners in this category will receive public recognition and our souvenirs.
Toilet Design Requirements
Designs should take up no more than 1.13m3 of space.
The space toilet has to be able to hold at least 1.5kg human waste.
The final requirement is that the system must be able to get rid of the waste and be cleaned in five minutes or less.
We hope this challenge will result in new ways to deal with human waste in outerspace.
1. What can a junior winner get from the competition?
A.A cash reward. | B.A scholarship. |
C.A trip to NASA. | D.A NASA souvenir. |
A.It takes up less than 1.13m3 of space. |
B.It has to be cleaned in 6 minutes. |
C.It can hold at least 1.5kg human waste. |
D.It must be able to dry up the waste. |
A.A news report. | B.An advertisement. |
C.A diary entry. | D.A product description. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The New York Aquarium offers diverse sea animals and nice viewing experience for all our guests. Whether you’re observing penguins or swimming underwater to look at coral reefs (珊瑚礁) under the water, or cheering California sea lions on at the theater, you’ll find plenty to see and do during your visit. Your underwater adventure is waiting for you! This summer, go to Coney Island to learn about the underwater world at the New York Aquarium.
Just off the Coney Island in Brooklyn, the New York Aquarium features more than 300 marine (海生的) species, such as dolphins and seals. Meet some of our mammals and fish, and learn something useful about them.
Summer hours May 28—Sept.5 | 10:00 am—6:00 pm,Monday—Friday 10:00 am—7:00 pm,Weekends & Holidays |
Fall hours Sept.6—Nov.6 | 10:00 am—5:00 pm,Monday—Friday 10:00 am—5:30 pm,Weekends & Holidays |
Winter hours Nov.7—Mar.31 | 10:00 am—4:30 pm,Daily |
Spring hours Apr.1—May 27 | 10:00 am—5:00 pm,Monday—Friday 10:00 am—5:30 pm,Weekends & Holidays |
Total Experience Ticket
Adult $18.00
Child (Aged 3—12) $14.00
Senior (65+) $15.00
Groups (at least ten visitors) $8.00
*Includes admission to our 4D Theater Plus General Admission.
*Children under 3 are free!
*To enjoy the group rate, you must make a reservation at least two weeks in advance of your group’s visit. Please call 7187411818.
A Special on Friday Afternoon
Admission on Fridays beginning at 3:00 pm is by donation. Suggested donation is $13 for adults, $9 for children, and $10 for seniors. Every dollar you give supports our work in caring for animals at the aquarium.
Aquarium Parking
Car $13.00
Bus $13.00
Please note:
*Due to rising costs, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) reserves the right to change all fees without notice.
*All buildings and exhibitions in this aquarium are accessible by wheelchair.
*For further information, please call 7182653454.
1. Which animal can’t be probably seen by the visitors at the New York Aquarium?A.Penguins. | B.Pandas. | C.Dolphins. | D.Seals. |
A.$144 | B.$133 | C.$119 | D.$160 |
A.To help the people in need. | B.To help the disabled visitors. |
C.To care for animals at the aquarium. | D.To help to save the endangered animals in the world |
A.Visitors can enjoy free parking service on Friday. |
B.You can visit the New York Aquarium at 5:30 pm on Christmas. |
C.A visitor in a wheelchair can get around at the New York Aquarium. |
D.To enjoy the group rate, visitors must reserve two weeks in advance. |
We Turn Degrees Into Careers
In less than three years, our company became the UK’s leading graduate career and interview coaching provider. We have helped over 500 students and graduates land graduate jobs, and boost the1r career development with our expert career advice.
Why Choose Us
After 5+ years of experience in the consulting industry, that included working at all of the Big 4, and other well-known companies, we have decided to help others achieve their early career dream. Our unique experience has provided us with invaluable insights into what the Big 4, consulting firms and banks, are looking for. Our professional coaches provide career advice and coaching, helping you to achieve your full potential.
Our List of Services
·CV REVIEW FOR GRADUATE JOBS £49
The average employer spends as little as 6 seconds deciding whether a resume(简历)will be considered for an interview or thrown in the trash. Is your resume strong enough to impress them and land you the graduate job?
The service includes thorough review and improvements of your graduate CV.
·ASSESSMENT CENTRE PREPARATION £249
Are you worried about your presentation skills and follow-up questions that an interviewer may ask you? Our assessment centre plans are carefully designed to help you identify and improve your weaknesses.
·MOCK(模拟)INTERVIEW FOR GRADUATE JOBS £79
With our mock interviews, you get the feeling of a real interview. Our mock interviews include all components(video recording questions, numerical part, situational-judgment questions, etc). Key to a productive mock job interview is constructive feedback.
We recommend you go through each section of the mock interview. Role play, stop and discuss the feedback before moving on to the next section. This way the feedback is immediate and you can make good use of it to improve as you proceed through the job interview.
For more information, contact us at info@ graduate job guide. co. uk.
1. What’s probably the major concern of graduates who choose to consult this company?A.Price. | B.Experience. | C.Size | D.Culture. |
A.Interview questions. | B.An impressive resume. |
C.An immediate feedback. | D.A chance for a real interview. |
A.£49. | B.£79. | C.£249. | D.£377. |
【推荐3】36 hours in Siena
Siena takes some beating. The Campo, its main square, is considered one of Europe’s finest medieval (中世纪的) squares. Its cathedral (大教堂) is the most beautiful in central Italy. The art alone that can be found in its many churches, galleries and museums could keep you busy exploring for weeks on end.
While never as overrun as Florence, Siena sees plenty of visitors. By October and November, the Sienese are reclaiming their streets, and the burning heat has given to the gentle warmth of the Tuscan autumn.
Food in the restaurants sees the arrival of seasonal specialties such as porcini (牛肝菌) and juicy grapes. Tuscany’s best wine, however, is available year-round.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/1/21/3157410016108544/3159193566134272/STEM/91bce5f9d3c94044a4d8915d4c20fadc.png?resizew=502)
1. According to the article, a must for food lovers to visit in Siena is ________ .
A.Via di Città | B.the Museo dell’Opera |
C.Piazza Salimbeni | D.the Pinacoteca Nazionale |
A.is free to public |
B.is the largest cathedral in Italy |
C.fell into ruin after the Black Death of 1348 |
D.has very fine medieval frescoes and sculptures |
A.enjoy a cup of cappuccino |
B.shop and stroll through the streets |
C.taste the area’s delicious porcini and juicy grapes |
D.admire the area’s churches, galleries and museums |
【推荐1】In order to make sure Harvard is an affordable choice for your undergraduate education, you can consider financial aid packages made up of a combination of four types of funding.
Scholarships & Grants
Because Harvard is committed to affordability, our scholarships are designed to cover 100% of your demonstrated financial need. Here is our process:
—Establish your parent contribution;
—Factor in student employment and outside awards;
—Cover the remaining needs by scholarship funds which never need to be repaid.
● Outside Awards
Like many of our students, you may receive funds from sources outside Harvard, such as secondary schools, your parental employers, etc. Since the intention of these awards is that they be used for educational purposes, you must report them to Harvard and apply them toward your college expenses. We will consider your outside awards as a part of your overall financial aid funding.
Student Employment
If you receive financial aid from Harvard, you will likely be expected to contribute to your education through employment. Your expected term-time work expectation is often around 10 to 12 hours per week. All wages earned are paid directly to you, rather than appearing on your term bill, and can be used to help pay for your out-of-pocket personal expenses.
● Loans
You are not expected to take out loans, since our aid packages are designed to cover your financial need without additional borrowing. However, you may choose to pursue loans to help cover your student or family contribution. If you are interested in a loan, we will help you find one that works for you.
Types of Student Loans for Year 22-23
—Federal Direct Subsidized Stafford Loan
—Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan
—Harvard Loans
—Additional loan information
1. Who may be the target readers of the text?A.Parents unable to afford university fees. |
B.College freshmen with financial concerns. |
C.Students with excellent academic performance. |
D.Undergraduates with outside financial supports. |
A.Cover 100% of your expenses. | B.Balance your earnings and awards. |
C.Help your parents to pay off debts. | D.Bridge your financial gap in college. |
A.Scholarships & Grants. | B.Outside Awards. |
C.Student Employment. | D.Loans. |
【推荐2】Special breaks: four UK’s creative places
Chair-making, Leicestershire
Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair. People having different levels of experience are welcomed. Beginners can make a single Windsor chair, while the more advanced learners can design their own chairs.
Price: £650 per person
Dates: 21-27 Jun., 31 Jul.-6 Aug, 4-10 Oct.
Drawing, North Yorkshire
Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors. Aimed at beginners, it teaches a range of styles and techniques to build confidence and improve drawing skills. The course is mainly based at Larpool Hall, Whitby in Yorkshire, a Georgian house with views over the Esk Valley.
Price: £405 per person
Dates: 25-28 Sept.
Clothes-mending, West Sussex
West Dean College of Arts and Conservation has a wide range of textile (纺织) courses, from making belts to weaving, dyeing and printing. Those who have reconsidered their shopping habits may enjoy the Mending Your Clothes course, in which the well-known textile artist Celia Pym teaches techniques for repairing woven clothes.
Price: £381 (course only) per person, and £196 for accommodation and meals
Dates: 21-23 Aug.
Wildlife photography, Dorset
Red squirrels are now very rare in England, but Brownsea Island has a large population of red squirrels. On this short trip, guests will explore the island and learn how to photograph the creatures in the woodlands. Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.
Price: £475 per person (including accommodation, most meals and tuition)
Date: 14 Sept.
1. Which place will you choose if you want to enjoy a four-day holiday?A.Leicestershire. | B.West Sussex. |
C.North Yorkshire. | D.Dorset. |
A.Protect the wildlife in the woodlands. | B.Explore the beautiful Esk Valley. |
C.Take photographs of red squirrels. | D.Team up with Celia Pym. |
A.They are all aimed at beginners. |
B.They all have noisy surroundings. |
C.They are all held in September. |
D.They all inspire creativity and improve practical skills. |
【推荐3】It's always adventurous and romantic to visit an island country. Take a look at some breathtakingly beautiful island countries in the world, which everyone should visit at least once in his lifetime.
Maldives
It's believed that Maldives is one of the most popular honeymoon places as well as one of the most beautiful island countries. Situated in the middle of the Indian Ocean, Maldives is made up of a series of ancient coral reefs that grow up along the sides of ancient volcanoes, with fascinating beaches.
Fiji
Fiji has plenty of surprises for any adventurous travelers. It is famous for the world's best surf scenes, attracting many surfing lovers to ride the great waves. Well, if surfing is not for you and you love sitting on the beach and relaxing, hiking or seeing breathtaking waterfalls, Fiji is also a suitable island country to visit.
Malta
Malta, a beautiful southern European country in the Mediterranean Sea, has a rich history and culture. There are amazing sky-high cliffs to climb, wonderful temples to visit and lots of amazing places to go diving. There are plenty of interesting things to explore here and everyone can find something to enjoy. The historic part of Malta is shown in its architecture, great walled cities, and many underground tunnels.
1. Which place will be most likely to be chosen by a newly-married couple according to the text?A.The Mediterranean Sea. | B.Maldives. |
C.Malta. | D.Fiji. |
A.You can see the world’s most breathtaking waterfalls. |
B.It is surfing lovers' favourite island country. |
C.There are sky-high cliffs to explore. |
D.You can try the world's longest tunnels. |
A.Hike on green plains. | B.Ride the greatest waves. |
C.See breathtaking waterfalls. | D.Explore underground tunnels. |
A.A hotel advertisement. | B.A travel guidebook. |
C.A geography book. | D.A service newspaper. |
【推荐1】It’s easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.
Members of China’s Shenzhou manned space flight last year, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three-month trip, he could eat hot food with just half-hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps.” he said.
In the past, most foods couldn’t be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均匀的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360-degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming-hot fish-flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir-fried Chinese dish.
Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Coip and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.
1. What do astronauts think of Joyoung’s mobile space kitchen?A.Water-saving. | B.Energy-wasting. | C.Time-saving. | D.Money-wasting. |
A.By making contrasts. | B.By analyzing results. |
C.By providing pictures. | D.By answering questions. |
A.Jayoung needs to further its technology. |
B.What astronauts are doing is significant. |
C.Astronauts on board can do as they wish. |
D.There are more technologies for the spacecraft. |
A.The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to be Addressed |
B.Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating Technology |
C.Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human Beings |
D.Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment |
【推荐2】As we all know, science is developing faster than ever before. Recently, NASA astronaut Scott Kelly showed a photo of the orange zinnia (百日菊) online. It is the first flower to ever bloom (开花) in space and has attracted much attention all over the world. This may be the most exciting news in the field of science. The zinnia in the picture is so beautiful and looks similar to that on earth. Kelly cared for it for more than a month.
Scientists chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle. As a result, it can help them understand how plants flower and develop in microgravity (微重力)
“While the plants haven’t grown perfectly,” said Gioia Massa, the NASA science team leader, “I think we have gained a lot from this, and we are learning both more about plants and how to better operate between the ground and the station.”
This was not the first time that scientists had tried to grow the zinnia in space. Other astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) began growing the colorful flowers last year. However, the zinnia leaked (渗漏) water out of the tips of the leaves. What was worse, the spread of bacteria was wrecking its growth. Kelly then took over the operation and began taking care of the zinnia as he would in his own garden.
The ISS also successfully grew red romaine lettuce in July 2015. Kelly even took a bite of the harvested plants and posted the photo. NASA’s new experiment using the plant growth system will be started later. Astronauts will try to grow Chinese cabbage, dwarf tomatoes and so on.
1. Why does the zinnia draw public attention?A.It looks beautiful and special. |
B.It blooms in such a short time. |
C.It is the first life to be found in space. |
D.It is the first flower to bloom in space. |
A.The zinnia grows well beyond her expectation. |
B.Many difficulties exist in space exploration. |
C.The experiment helps better understand plants. |
D.This experiment is completely different. |
A.Strengthening. | B.Destroying. |
C.Balancing. | D.Spotting. |
A.A news report. | B.A research plan. |
C.An advertisement. | D.A science textbook. |
【推荐3】Humans have long been trying to make sense of our place in the universe. Waiting at a launch site in French Guiana? NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is the latest step forward in that ancient quest (探索).
Using telescopes, astronomers have seen many galaxies (星系) such as the Andromeda Galaxy and the NGC 3227 Galaxy. So far, the most distant galaxy ever discovered, GN-z11, was spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope. To the untrained eye, it looks like a red blob (小点点), but it’s basically like looking back in time about 13.4 billion years ago. That’s just about 0.4 billion years after the Big Bang.
“Hubble is limited in how far back in time it can look, so finding this one was just a lucky break,” says Marusa Bradac, an astronomer at the University of California. “Astronomers only spotted it because decades of using Hubble have let them cover much of the sky, and this particular early galaxy is surprisingly bright although it is 25 times smaller than the Milky Way Galaxy and has just one percent of its mass.”
Already, with that one galaxy, we’ve started to question some of our assumptions about how galaxies grow. The powerful, $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope has technology that should let it see back to 0.1 ~0.2 billion years after the Big Bang, the period when the very first galaxies possibly formed.
“If all go well, the James Webb Space Telescope will help us to build up the story of how the first galaxies ever formed and how they grew into galaxies we see today and we live in today,” says Bradac. “But the chances of seeing those first born stars with the new telescope are small. There’s maybe even more of a chance that we might see some of those stars explode. Such information can help us understand how galaxies formed and changed into the familiar shapes and structures seen today. That’s what’s amazing about the new telescope.”
1. When did the Big Bang take place?A.Around 13.0 billion years ago. |
B.Around 13.4 billion years ago. |
C.Around 13.6 billion years ago. |
D.Around 13.8 billion years ago. |
A.The Milky Way Galaxy. | B.The GN-z11 Galaxy. |
C.The Andromeda Galaxy. | D.The NGC 3227 Galaxy. |
A.The great potential of the new telescope. |
B.The need for new scientific breakthroughs. |
C.The cost of the James Webb Space Telescope. |
D.The importance of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
A.Find the first born star in the universe. |
B.Witness the occurring of the Big Bang. |
C.See the explosion of some of the first born stars. |
D.Get a complete understanding of the universe. |