You have a nice salary, but you still feel short of money. At the end of each month, you often ask yourself, “Where has all my money gone?” To help you better run your salary, here come some money-saving tips.
First, you need to set goals to encourage yourself to save money. For example, you plan to have a good dress in one year, to have a car in two years’ time or to buy a house in five years.
Second, form money-saving habits and stay away from the ones that waste money. Learn to keep a diary of how much you spend and what it’s for. Think twice before using money on expensive skin care products (护肤品). The best way to keep your skin in good condition is enough sleep.
Third, pay attention to your daily things. Leave no more than one light on when you leave home. Buy vegetables from a market where vegetables are less expensive and fresher, not a supermarket. When going to a supermarket, take a notebook with you. Write down what you want to buy.
Fourth, save your social life. Take the dishes that haven’t been eaten up away for next day when you have dinner in a restaurant. When it’s your turn to offer a meal, invite your friends to your home, and cook the dinner yourself. If you are to attend a party and an expensive present is needed, ask several friends to go together to share a present.
1. What is the passage mainly about?| A．Four ways to save money. | B．How to set goals to save money. |
| C．Where to keep money. | D．How to live well with little money. |
| A．Buying some good skin care products. | B．Enough sleep does good to skin. |
| C．All things in supermarkets are expensive. | D．Vegetables in a market taste good. |
| A．Have dinner in a restaurant. | B．Buy dishes in a restaurant and eat at home. |
| C．Invite friends home and cook yourself. | D．Attend a party alone. |
| A．Making a plan to save money. | B．Forming habits of saving money. |
| C．Cutting the prices when buying things. | D．Leaving few lights on when you leave home. |
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【推荐1】Growing Fruit Trees in the Home Garden
An old proverb says, “The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago. The second-best time is now.” I think this little pearl of wisdom is especially true when it comes to fruit trees.
Learn about hole depth and width, watering needs, pruning requirements. There’s plenty to learn. If your tree doesn’t come with these instructions, search the internet. Just be sure your sources are reliable.
Protect your trees
A young tree’s bark is especially susceptible to damage, yet it’s appealing to hungry deer.
Be attentive
Fruit trees crave attention, some more than others. Again, research is crucial to see how much care specific trees require. All of them need mulching, pruning, fertilizing, and regular and frequent watering.
What rewards your family will reap if you add fruit trees to your garden. There’s no time like the present to get started. Just do it.
| A．Don’t put it off |
| B．Do your research |
| C．It’s too easy to put off buying and planting trees |
| D．Be safe and use some kind of tree wrap or guard |
| E．You also must be diligent in protecting your trees from pests and diseases |
| F．Check with your local agricultural extension service |
| G．It’s also important to know the best time to plant |
【推荐2】Millions of tons of electronic waste, known as e-waste, is produced ever year. In 2016, the world’s population make 49 million tons of electronic waste. It has been calculated that there will be more than 60 million tons by 2021. The amount of electronic waste is growing so rapidly that it has become a global problem that needs to be addressed.
What is causing the upsurge(激增)in e-waste? Technology is becoming more and more widespread, covering almost every aspect of our lives. Meanwhile, the lifespan of devices is getting shorter— many products will be thrown away once their batteries(电池)die, to be replaced by new devices. Companies update the design or software so quickly and it is usually cheaper and easier to buy a new product than to repair an old one. Since prices are falling, electronic devices are in demand around the world.
As more people buy electronic equipment, manufacturers(制造商)are beginning to face shortages of the raw material needed to make their products, so recycling and reusing materials from discarded(废弃的)products and waste makes economic and environmental sense. Recycling e-waste is practiced both formally and informally. Formal e-waste recycling usually involves taking apart the electronics, separating and sorting through the materials and cleaning them. Companies must obey health and safety rules to reduce the health and environmental harm of handling e-waste by using pollution-control technologies. All this makes formal recycling expensive.
With the amount of e-waste growing around the world, recycling alone will not be enough to handle the problem. In order to reduce e-waste, manufacturers need to design electronics that are safer, and more durable (耐用的)repairable. As a customer, you’d better get our old product repaired if possible and buy a new device only when you really need.
1. The underlined word “addressed” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by _________.| A．reduced | B．changed |
| C．controlled | D．solved |
| A．The problems caused by the upsurge in e-waste. |
| B．The reasons for e-waste’s sharp increasing. |
| C．The bad effect of updating devices. |
| D．The causes of devices’ price dropping. |
| A．Improving the quality of e-devices. |
| B．Lowering the costs of technology innovation. |
| C．Relieving companies’ lacking raw materials. |
| D．Increasing the variety of electronic products. |
| A．Recycling is the only way to reduce e-waste. |
| B．Companies should be mainly responsible for reducing e-waste. |
| C．Repairing a device is better than buying a new one. |
| D．Everyone should take action to reduce e-waste. |
【推荐3】Four Ways to Make Your Shoes Feel Better
According to the American Podiatric Medical Association, the vast majority of people experience foot pain at some point in their lives. The reason for most foot pain is that shoes fit poorly or force the feet into unnatural shapes.
1. Stretch Your Shoes
If your feet are rubbing against your shoes, this could indicate that you need more width, length or both. However, sometimes going to the next larger size is not an option, as the next size may be too large.
2. Using Shoe Inserts
Both podiatrists (足病医生) and those in the shoe repair industry often recommend inserts to increase shoe comfort.
3.
The way you lace (用带子系紧) your shoes can make a world of difference in their comfort. Lacing them too tightly or incorrectly can make your feet hurt. Cramped toes, rubbing on the top of the foot, and pressure on the big toe can likely be relieved if you place your shoes differently.
4. Wearing Socks
| A．Adjusting Shoe Laces |
| B．Buy Shoes Without Laces |
| C．There are a lot of shoe inserts to choose from |
| D．In fact, ill-fitting shoes are a top cause of foot pain |
| E．Socks are of great help to add more comfort to your shoes |
| F．In this case stretching the shoes may be a good solution |
| G．Therefore, you need to know the size of the shoes that are fit for your feet |
【推荐1】Scientists have been studying Antarctica for over a century, but details as basic as what it looks like beneath all that ice have largely remained a mystery. Now, Earther reports that a team of scientists from Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands and the UK has published the most detailed data on the continent’s subglacial topography（冰川下的地形）near the South Pole.
As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons（峡谷）, one of which is deeper than the Grand Canyon and nearly as wide at some points. The researchers made the discovery by flying a plane with radar over the South Pole, a spot that isn’t covered by imaging satellites. They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheet, but the wide canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise.
Of the three canyons, two hadn’t been documented previously. The largest, the Foundation Trough, measures 218 miles long, up to 22 miles wide, and 6,260 feet deep, putting it up there with the planet’s most impressive canyons.
The discoveries are significant on their own, but the real purpose behind the research is to better understand how the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets will react to rising temperatures. Human-caused climate change has destabilized some of the continent’s ice, and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet especially has been slowly crumbling（崩塌）into the sea. If patterns continue, the coastal glaciers supporting the large ice sheets could fall down, causing sea levels to rise a minimum of 10 feet. If this happens, the canyons could be a major factor in the speed and direction of ice flow from central Antarctica to the coast.
The event isn’t likely to happen in the near future, but further study of Antarctica’s topography will help scientists to better predict when it might.
1. According to the text, the researchers found the new canyons ________.| A．as planned | B．by accident |
| C．in the sea | D．with satellites |
| A．They are likely to affect ice flow. |
| B．They cause ice sheets to crumble. |
| C．They stop ice flowing into the sea. |
| D．They help to cool ice sheets down. |
| A．It’s confusing. | B．It’s quite easy. |
| C．It’s meaningful. | D．It’s challenging. |
| A．Rising Temperatures Cause Sea Levels to Rise |
| B．Massive Canyons Are Found Beneath Ice Sheets |
| C．Antarctica Still Remains Unknown to the Public |
| D．Antarctica’s Topography Will Be Predicted Soon |
The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.
1. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _______.
| A．to carry out a research project there |
| B．to set up a medical institute there |
| C．to study medicine there |
| D．to deliver lectures there |
| A．by pure chance |
| B．in the school office |
| C．with her supporters’ help |
| D．while reading history books |
| A．the London School of Medicine for Women |
| B．a degree programme for women |
| C．a system of medical education |
| D．the University of Berne |
| A．In 1873. | B．In 1874. | C．In 1877. | D．In 1892. |
Behavior Under Risk: How Animals Avoid Becoming Dinner By: Renee L. Rosier & Tracy Langkilde © 2021 Nature Education Most animals face the risk of being eaten. To avoid becoming someone’s dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategies to avoid detection by predators. In the event that avoidance fails, animals can use strategies that will increase their chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators. Detecting predators a. Visual — Many animals respond to general visual cues, such as the presence of a new object or sudden movement. Other visual cues, including an animal’s size and behavior, can provide specific information about the identity and intention of a potential predator. For example, prey may be able to visually identify a predator based on its shape, size, and color, and can use the predator’s behavior to determine the immediate threat that it poses. b. Auditory — Auditory cues can provide reliable, direct information about a predator’s presence, identity. These cues are especially helpful for nocturnal prey species or animals that avoid predators that frequently use sound to hunt or communicate. For example, toadfish recognize sound of dolphins when they are looking for food, one of their main predators, and reduce their activity levels in response. c. Chemical — Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through olfaction and gustation, providing a reliable indication of a predator’s presence even if it is visually undetectable. Some species are even able to determine how old a predator scent is, and will avoid only fresh scent cues as they indicate a predator’s recent presence. Animals can also use changes in the concentration or age of a scent to determine which direction a predator was traveling, in order to better avoid it. d. Vibration — Vibration cues can provide useful information about a predator’s presence, and can be difficult for predators to conceal. Many animals, including some spiders, caterpillars, and tadpoles, use vibrations as indicators of predator presence, and can distinguish vibrations made by predators, non-predators, and abiotic cues (such as rainfall). It is important for prey to be able to distinguish cues from threats versus non-threats, as responding to every tactile stimulus would waste time and energy, and may actually attract the attention of predators. |
| A．Visual. | B．Auditory. | C．Chemical. | D．Vibration. |
| A．Visual cues can be used as an indication of predators’ intention. |
| B．Chemical cues fail to function if the predators are out of sight. |
| C．Auditory cues help prey to figure out what kind of predators they meet. |
| D．Vibration cues are reliable as predators can hardly stop vibrating. |
| A．Surviving Encounters with Predators. | B．Effective Ways to Find out Predators. |
| C．Distinct Characteristics of Predators. | D．Prey species and their behaviors. |
