We are living in an age in which data is strongly favored, especially when it’s reported in the media. “Big Data” is considered even more reliable as it consists of very large amounts of information. Percentiles are considered hard evidence, even if the conclusions drawn from the data don’t mean a whole lot. For example, “40 percent of adults say they use Instagram and about three in ten report using Pinterest or LinkedIn,” a Pew Research Center survey reported in April 2021. Is that a lot or a little? I don’t know, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in some way.
Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is considered flimsy. One might repeatedly see something with his/her own eyes, but ironically (讽刺地), in this era of data, it matters little. Observations and any conclusions drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been downgraded to “personal perspectives”, even though they are based on real, documented behavior.
In short, if something is published in a journal with quantitative support, it carries much weight. If a cultural anthropologist (人类学家) with a Ph.D. reports a particular trend from field research, however, it is considered a short amusing story that may complement the “real” data-based studies. People want to know the “sample size” of cultural research, not understanding that valuable insights into human behavior can be gained without metrics (度量学) and analytics.
The many weaknesses associated with quantitative research should not be ignored, either. There are numerous ways to design a study and gather findings, each one likely to produce different results. The move to online research has made findings much more questionable, as nothing got from the Internet should be taken too seriously. Besides, how questions are both asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent on many variables.
Why do we love data so much? Words are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reason why we put so much faith and trust in data regardless of its source. To legitimize (证明……有理) this post, note that 88.6 percent of what I’ve said is true.
1. What does the author think of the 2021 survey reported by the Pew Research Center?A.It leads to some confusion. | B.It has much scientific value. |
C.It impresses him with the numbers. | D.It contains some factual inaccuracies. |
A.Professional. | B.Interesting. | C.Unfriendly. | D.Unpersuasive. |
A.The practicality of online research. |
B.The disadvantages of quantitative research. |
C.The widespread popularity of online research. |
D.The significance of quantitative research findings. |
A.By writing ironically. | B.By referring to experts. |
C.By providing a solution. | D.By making a prediction. |
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【推荐1】Will November 11 Singles Day replace Black Friday in America? Officially in America, Thanksgiving is a major holiday before Christmas, falling on the fourth Thursday of November. The day after that is what is known as Black Friday, a holiday that marks the beginning of the Christmas shopping season.
Black Friday is so called because, first, it occurs on a Friday; second, sellers put so many items on sale that always they’ll sell a lot and make a profit and return to being “in black”-- in the old days, profit figures were recorded in the accounting book with black ink (while losses are recorded with red).
Black Friday is synonymous with the biggest shopping day of the year in America, just as November 11 Singles Day is celebrated as the biggest shopping day in China. In 2019, for example, Chinese e-commerce giants Alibaba and JD.com reported more than $60 billion in sales. In comparison, Adobe Analytics, the retail(零售)data tracking service, estimates that the long U.S. holiday shopping weekend generated total retail sales of $29 billion, Singles Day 2019’s record sales made Black Friday look like a church bazaar. In other words, Chinese sales will have dwarfed(使显得矮小)their American counterparts. This is what leads some people to talking about Singles Day replacing Black Friday as the biggest shopping day of the year.
“In terms of figures, they have a point. But that’s where the comparison ends.” said Zhang Xin, trainer at China Daily. “I don’t believe in talking big and bragging about facts and figures. I believe Americans will continue to enjoy their holiday tradition as fervently as ever."
“On the Chinese side, I’m just happy that Chinese single people will have a day to remember and to celebrate in their name.” Zhang Xin said, “Being single can be tough, so I think Singles Day is a great day to mark in their name. If it is really any consolation, for those single people who don’t have any money to spend on that particular day, it can be extra tough. Besides, no matter how much you spend as a single person, you are still single person. Still and all, since every dog has its day, I think, by and large, all things considered, it helps to have a day named after one self.”
1. When does Black Friday fall?A.On the fourth Thursday of November. | B.On the fourth Friday of November. |
C.The day before Thanksgiving Day. | D.The day before Christmas Day. |
A.A summary | B.A background | C.An argument | D.A lead-in |
A.Because the population in China is larger than that in America. |
B.Because people in America pay less attention to Blacks Friday. |
C.Because Singles Day brings more retail sales than Black Friday. |
D.Because there is increasing number of single people in America. |
A.Americans don’t like November 11 Singles Day. |
B.Black Friday may not be replaced by November 11 Singles Day. |
C.November 11 Singles Day shouldn’t be marked for those poor single people. |
D.It’s meaningless to compare Black Friday with November 11 Singles Day by figures. |
【推荐2】Gravy started working as a comfort dog at Grand Ledge High School in Michigan in September. She showed off tricks in the hallways with her handler (驯兽员), Capra, and made students laugh aloud. When students learned that Gravy’s first birthday fell just before Thanksgiving break, they asked Capra if they could throw a party. Capra said sure, thinking there wouldn’t be many people interested. However, on the big day, there were several hundred students in this gym.
The pandemic (大流行病) has been hard on students across the United States. Many young people experienced loneliness and the loss of loved ones. To solve the problem, schools have hired social workers and increased the number of their social-emotional learning classes.In some cases, they bought dogs.
Undoubtedly, the dogs make kids happy.“He’s kind of like a rock star; when the kids see him coming, they smile,“ said Traci Souva, an art teacher at North Huron Schools who trains Chipper, another comfort dog. “A lot of times the kids will tell Chipper what’s wrong rather than adults, and that’s pretty amazing.”
There are possible blemishes of having dogs in school. These include cleanliness, and student fears. But school officials say these are all manageable. The dogs are highly trained and always with a handler, so no student is forced to communicate with the dogs if they don’t want to.
Since the pandemic, demand for trained dogs in schools“has just increased,“ said Nikki Brown, a dog trainer and the director of Canines for Change, a nonprofit that trains dogs for work in schools. Over the last year, her organization has provided dogs to at least seven areas in Michigan, including Grand Ledge. “The dogs are highly trained to be in a school environment,” she added.“They are trained to work with kids with emotional problems. They sense stress. By the dogs’ behaviour they might warn a teacher of a kid who is struggling emotionally.“
1. Which of the following best describes Gravy as a comfort dog?A.Tricky. | B.Popular. | C.Humorous. | D.Caring. |
A.Requirements. | B.Disadvantages. | C.Influences. | D.Suggestions. |
A.Working on campus brings a lot of pressure to dogs. |
B.There is a high global market demand for trained dogs. |
C.School environment can affect dogs’ behaviour greatly. |
D.The dogs have the ability to notice students’ mental illness. |
A.How dogs relieve students’ mental problems |
B.How dogs ensure students’ safety on campus |
C.How dogs enrich students’ after-school activities |
D.How dogs develop students’ sense of responsibility |
【推荐3】Experts say over half of the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears.
Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. Or, a local language might disappear more slowly. This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people.
Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture of smaller groups. Smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power has a stronger influence.
Experts say protecting languages is very important for many reasons. Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals.
Many endangered languages are spoken by native cultures in close contact with the natural world. Their ancient languages contain a great deal of information about environmental systems and species of plants and animals that are unknown to scientists. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information carried within a language also disappears. Language is, in many ways, a window to the mind and the world.
Any hope for protecting languages can be found in children and their willingness to learn. It is these young people who can keep this form of culture alive for future generations.
1. Which of the following is true?A.There have existed 7,000 languages in history. |
B.No one can prevent languages from disappearing. |
C.There will not be any local languages left some day. |
D.Half of the world’s languages will possibly disappear. |
A.it represents the working of the human minds |
B.local languages are more closely related to culture |
C.ancient languages can reveal ancient people’s thoughts |
D.it contains information about both culture and nature |
A.children are interested in learning it | B.people are forced to speak it |
C.it is linked to a powerful culture | D.it keeps pace with the times |
A.local languages | B.language protection |
C.the power of language | D.language and culture |
【推荐1】How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
1. What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones?A.Uncaring. |
B.Doubtful. |
C.Unclear. |
D.Unacceptable. |
A.Stopped. |
B.Increased. |
C.Offered. |
D.Saved. |
A.Concentrate on studies. |
B.Get a reward for offline time. |
C.Buy a new smartphone. |
D.Contact with the real world. |
A.Benefits from Smartphones |
B.Addiction to Smartphones |
C.Development of Smartphones |
D.Disadvantages of Smartphones |
【推荐2】Traditionally,across the world,boys and girls attend a mixed school,where they study together.But boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art,dance and music.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had to correspond to(和……相符) the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little,headmaster of Eton,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.
But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author,Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them.Because boys generally have more acute vision,learn best through touch,and are physically more active,they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around.“Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes,” James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “In mixed schools,boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,” the study reported.
1. The author believes that a single-sex school would ______.A.encourage boys to express their emotions more freely |
B.force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men” |
C.help boys to be more competitive in schools |
D.naturally strengthen boys' traditional image of a man |
A.boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in |
B.boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted |
C.teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys |
D.teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit |
A.lovely. | B.serious. |
C.sharp. | D.dull. |
All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.
I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “ a criticism(批判) of life”, and “a heightening(提升) of life”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
1. To have a better understanding of a poem, one should________.
A.discuss it with others |
B.analyze it by oneself |
C.copy it down in a notebook |
D.practise reading it aloud |
A.Extending your life | B.Saving your life |
C.Criticizing life | D.Heightening life |
A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry. |
B.Poetry is more important than any other subject. |
C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry |
D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses |