【推荐1】From 1990 to 2000, fishermen trying to get swordfish (剑鱼) off the coast of California accidentally caught and killed over 100 sea turtles (海龟), and injured many more. In 2001, the government set up the Pacific Leatherback Conservation Area (PLCA), an area off the coast of California where fishing boats are not allowed to enter from August to November. Since then, the number of turtles killed by mistake has fallen rapidly, but a small number of animals still die from being caught in fishing nets each year. And at the same time, the once $15 million swordfish industry has become a $ 2 million industry.

Scientists are hoping to find a way to not only protect sea turtles and other endangered creatures but also help fishermen make a living. For this, many scientists are looking at dynamic ocean management to help fishing boats meet fish where they are and avoid catching other creatures by mistake.

The first paper to suggest that the fish living in the open ocean should be guarded with fluid, ever-changing zones of protection, came out in 2000. Larry Crowder, a professor at Hopkins Marine Station, remembers reading it and thinking, “Cool idea, but it will never work.” In 2000, scientists didn’t have the computer power to cheaply test statistical models or deal with satellite data quickly. They didn’t have enough data dealing with fish or satellite data on ocean conditions, either.

Now scientists can download satellite data of oceans in minutes and attach satellite archival tag to sea animals to track their movements. They first collect data by marking the creatures, collecting reports from fishing boats, or other tracking ways. Then they compare that data with weather conditions, the time of year, and any other data that can be sensed. Finally, they can predict where fish probably are.

Crowder and his workmates used the data to develop a tool called EcoCast during the 2012 and 2015 fishing seasons, they could have fished in at least 125,000 square miles, without high risk of hunting turtles.

1. The government hoped that PLCA and its rules could         .

A．prevent fishing in the PLCA

B．help collect data for future research

C．protect the creatures in the area to some degree

D．make the public realize the importance of our environment

2. Larry Crowder thought dynamic ocean management was         at first.

A．unrealistic

B．stupid

C．possible

D．interesting

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．A great way to collect data.

B．Some technology fruits in this field

C．A scientific way to find new ocean animals

D．The way dynamic ocean management works

4. What should be the advantage of using EcoCast?

A．It protects the ocean from pollution.

B．It helps support the fishing industry.

C．It prevents fishermen from getting lost while fishing.

D．It both protects ocean animals and supports the fishing industry.

【推荐1】If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America - and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.

Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9. 2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6. 9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6. 3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin - the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.

No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth’s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5. 3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.

Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine( 海 洋 的 )animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.

“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.

1. Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?

A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.

B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.

C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.

D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.

2. What’s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?

A．Lacking protection.	B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.	D．Treating plastics as food.

3. What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．Some people don’t know the solution of plastics waste.

B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.

C．It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.

D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A travel brochure.
C．An environmental report.	D．A lifestyle magazine.

【推荐2】Light pollution is blocking a starry view of the night sky for more than half of people across England, a research has found.

Fifty-seven percent of stargazers(观星者)struggled to see more than 10 stars, while just 2% of participants said they experienced a truly dark sky enabling them to count more than 30, according to the research by the Campaign to Protect Rural England(CPRE). People in the countryside were encouraged to count how many stars they could see with eyes within the constellation(星座)of Orion, which is visible only in the winter months.

Campaigners said the results of the star count, supported by the British Astronomical Association, showed the problem of light pollution and how it affected one of the countryside's most magical sights-a dark, starry night sky. They said the results of the research to map England's night skies suggested more could be done by the government, local councils and the general public to lessen the negative effects of artificial light from streets and buildings.

Emma Marrington, dark skies campaigner at the CPRE, said, “We're hugely grateful to the people who took the time to get out and take part in our star count. But it's deeply disappointing that the vast majority were unable to experience the natural wonder of a truly dark sky blanketed with stars. Without intervention, our night sky will continue to be lost under a covering of artificial light, ruining the health of the natural world.”

She added, “The star count results show just how far-reaching the light from street lights and buildings can be seen. Light doesn't respect boundaries, and careless use can see it spread for miles from cities.”

She suggested better-designed lighting, street light dimming(暗淡)systems and partnight lighting where some street lights are turned off during the small hours should provide an opportunity to limit the damage caused by light pollution, reduce carbon emissions and save money.

1. What effect does the light pollution bring about to England?

A．It leads the stars to disappear.

B．It makes the countryside dim.

C．It makes the environment terrible.

D．It prevents the people seeing stars.

2. What causes the light pollution according to the text?

A．The overuse of artificial light.

B．More and more buildings.

C．Less and less outdoor activities.

D．The spread of light in the countryside.

3. How does Emma feel about the stargazers' efforts?

A．Regretful.	B．Surprised.
C．Appreciative.	D．Disappointed.

4. What is Emma's suggestion for dealing with the light pollution?

A．Changing the streets' design.

B．Turning off lights at night.

C．Spreading light further.

D．Using street lights wisely.

【推荐1】Last night one of our 3 family dogs was hit and killed by a car in front of my mother’s house. The dogs became more or less, my mother’s children after her human children grew up and moved out and my father ran with a midlife crisis and left her. The one that was killed had bonded with my mom far more than the others. She is shocked and upset. I loved the dog, but my true sadness currently results from having to watch my mother experience another tragedy after everything she has been through in her life.

In the midst of all of this I have to sincerely applaud the driver of the vehicle, which feels wrong, but it's not.

I’ll start by stating it was not his fault. The dog chased(追赶) a deer into the road at night. In an effort to not hit the deer with his car he changed direction suddenly, not seeing the dog, leading to her deaths. He could have very easily continued on his way, but he did something that I hope I never forget. He did the right thing (in my eyes). The driver pulled over, carefully wrapped our dog in a blanket he got from his car, and carried her up to my mother's front door.

He was visibly shaking and very upset. He informed my mother of what happened and she broke down immediately. He consoled her the best a stranger could and waited with her while my sister rushed to her house. He left his information and offered assistance in anyway he could.

Yes, he is the man who hit and killed our dog-accidentally. What he really did was sparing my mother from discovering unexpectedly a horrible scene herself while searching for the dog. He had so many choices. Choices that were far easier than what he chose. He did the right thing and for that, thank you, stranger. You recovered my faith in humanity.

1. What can we learn about the author's mother?

A．She has suffered a lot in her life.	B．She has grown up with her dogs.
C．She misses her husband very much.	D．She has three dogs killed in an accident.

2. What's the author s attitude towards the dog-killer?

A．Doubtful.

B．Indifferent.

C．Critical.

D．Praising.

3. What does the underlined word “consoled” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Encouraged.

B．Followed.

C．Comforted.

D．Helped.

4. What is the best tide for the text?

A．An Unfortunate Accident	B．Sadness over a Dog’s Death
C．An Easy-to-Make Choice	D．Faith in Humanity Recovered

【推荐2】On countless mornings over the past year, I stood with my son, James, in our driveway, watching our neighbor hurry off to kindergarten. My wife and I wanted to give James the best   education, but that meant we’d have to change our jobs and spend less time with our kid. I asked myself, “Would this trade-off be worth it?” When I look at the research on child development, I think it might not. Where our kids go to school might matter less than most American parents think.
Social scientists have long tried to determine why some children grow up to be successful. In a 2001 study, Greg Duncan, a professor of education at the University of California, measured the influence that the people in a child’s life have on how well the child does in school. Duncan and his team found almost no relationship between how students did on the test and whom they sat beside in class, whom they hung out with after school and who lived in their block. The only meaningful link they found was between siblings（兄弟姐妹）and twins in particular.
For a long time, scholars thought that a family’s income heavily affected how well kids did     in life. But that might not be the case. When Susan Mayer at the University of Chicago looked at the relationship between family income and lifetime achievement, she ran a series of experiments to measure it, finding such outcomes weren’t caused by income. She argued that the things that make a difference are relatively inexpensive: the number of books a kid has or how often his family goes to museums.
Lareau, another scholar began one of the most in-depth observations of American parenting. He concluded that success is much more related to the amount of time parents spend with their children. He said “Many parents I interviewed are anxious about their children’s futures．But they have exaggerated（夸大）the sense of the risks involved if they don't give their children the best of everything..”
So at last, we decided to leave things as it were. More time with our kid is the best we can provide.
1. The first paragraph is intended to __________.

A．introduce the topic of the passage

B．confirm the result of a research

C．stress the importance of good education

D．support a research on child development

2. From the passage we know that most American parents _________.

A．spend a lot of time with their children

B．like to buy a variety of books for their children

C．think children's achievement largely depends on schools

D．believe their income cannot afford children's education

3. Who believes children's brothers and sisters may influence their academic performance?

A．Lareau．	B．Greg Duncan．
C．Susan Mayer．	D．James．

4. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A．Parents' time matters to children's future．

B．School education determines children's future．

C．Family income counts to children's achievements．

D．Less education means more risks for children's success．

【推荐3】When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点). Week by week her list grew: I was very thin; I wasn’t a good student; I talked too much; I was too proud, and so on. At last, I couldn’t stand it. I cried and ran to my father. He listened to me quietly. Then he asked, “Sweetie, are the things she says true or not? Didn’t you ever wonder what you are really like? Well, you now have that girl’s opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and find out the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”

I did as he told. To my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t change (like being very thin), but a good number I could and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of myself.

I brought the list back to Dad. He refused to take it. “It’s just the case for you,” he said, “you know better than anyone the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of great help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don’t shut your ears, listen to them all, but hear the truth only and do what you know is right to do.”

Daddy’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I’ve never had a better piece of advice.

1. What did the writer’s father do after he heard her complaints(抱怨)?

A．He told her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said.

B．He told her to make a list of all her “enemy” had said about her.

C．He let her get on well with her “enemy”.

D．He agreed with her “enemy”.

2. The writer felt ________ when she did the things as her father had told her.

A．surprised

B．angry

C．disappointed

D．sad

3. Which of the following can we know from the passage?

A．The writer and her “enemy” became best friends at last.

B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard.

C．The father thought the writer was pretty good.

D．The writer is thankful to her father.

4. What message does the passage convey?

A．It would be helpful to learn how to take the advice.

B．What people say about you is always right.

C．Parents give the children all the love.

D．Friendship will be based on trust.