Who’s in control of your life? Who’s pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it’s other people—society, colleagues, friends, family or our community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation. ”
So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsening lives to keep getting their fix we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting tired and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control?I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that .A.it’s better to follow others’ opinions |
B.it’s important to accept others’ comments |
C.we shouldn’t change our own decision |
D.we shouldn’t care too much what others think |
A.discussing questions | B.making suggestions |
C.analyzing causes and effects | D.providing examples and facts |
A.most people have a variety of thoughts |
B.we have thoughts similar to those of others |
C.other people’s thoughts are more important |
D.most people’s thoughts are affected by others |
A.The price of taking the drug is freedom. |
B.We may lose ourselves to win the approval of others. |
C.We need to pay for what we want to get. |
D.Changing opinions may cost us our freedom. |
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【推荐1】Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book.” says Mandy. Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’I cried.’ You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-s—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!!Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.”
How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way?
On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behavior thought to be: male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同伴)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”
On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired (与生俱来的) differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed s strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.
Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undoubted, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what degree biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.
1. What does the underlined word “contention” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Satisfaction. | B.Disagreement | C.Influence. | D.Information |
A.Whether men and women are different | B.Why minds and bodies are so different. |
C.How different males and females are. | D.What causes the sex difference. |
A.Monkeys have their own preferences. | B.Parents indeed have strong impacts. |
C.Men and women are born different. | D.Females and males behave differently. |
A.Biology leads to the differences. | B.Biology mostly affects our choices. |
C.Social influence can be ignored. | D.Peers have more impact than parents. |
【推荐2】Aspirin was discovered in 1897, and an explanation of how it works followed in 1995. That, in turn, has encouraged some research leads on making better pain relievers through something other than trial and error. This kind of discovery—answers first, explanations later—is called "intellectual debt". We gain understanding of what works without knowing why it works. We can put that understanding to use immediately, and then tell ourselves we'll figure out the details later. Sometimes we pay off the debt quickly; sometimes, as with aspirin, it takes a century; and sometimes we never pay it off at all.
In the Age of Intelligence, while machine learning presents lots of problems and gets things wrong, at least we know enough to be wary of the predictions produced by the system and to argue that they shouldn't be blindly followed: but if a system performs perfectly(and we don't know why), then we come to rely on it and forget about it and suffer consequences when it goes wrong.
It's the difference between knowing your car has faulty brakes and not knowing: both are bad, but if you know there is a problem with your brakes, you can increase your following distance, drive slowly and get to a mechanic as soon as possible. If you don't know, you' re likely to find out the hard way, at 80mph on the highway when the car in front of you comes to a sudden stop and your brakes give out.
We don't have much by way of solutions. Most important, we shouldn't trick ourselves into thinking that machine learning alone is all that matters. Indeed, without life value, machine learning may not be meaningful answers at all.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning aspirin in the first paragraph?A.To present the research process of aspirin. |
B.To introduce a similar situation machine learning faces. |
C.To show the difficulty in explaining how aspirin works. |
D.To prove we can use something even when we don't understand. |
A.Negative. | B.Doubtful. | C.Anxious. | D.Watchful. |
A.By telling a story. | B.By giving a definition. |
C.By doing an experiment. | D.By making comparison. |
A.It's OK as long as a system works well. | B.It's impossible to pay off Intellectual debt. |
C.It's unwise to rely blindly on machine learning. | D.It makes no sense to pay attention to life value. |
【推荐3】Spring Festival is a special occasion for children also because they receive red envelopes (hongbao) from elders on the occasion. While in the past, children used to rejoice after receiving hongbao from elders in person, nowadays they mostly receive them online thanks to the coming of mobile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which urged the central bank to create a new legal tender (法定货币) for online transactions (交易).
That’s how the digital renminbi came into being. The digital currency has increased the types of negotiable instruments issued by the central bank and diversified the payment tools. Yet the promotion and application of the digital renminbi faces some challenges, especially because it is yet to be recognized nationwide.
First, thanks to Alipay and WeChat, they account for almost 95 percent of the mobile payment market. Based on these payment apps, a complete consumer application ecosystem has been established covering activities such as shopping, traveling, giving red envelopes, making payments, and investing funds. In the short term, however, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake the existing payment and transaction ecosystem.
Second, payments made through the digital renminbi are not channeled through bank accounts. Instead, they are deposited directly into “digital accounts” and transactions can be completed through an electronic device, which may cause users to worry about the security of their deposits, particularly because if a user loses his or her cell phone, he/she could lose a lot of money.
Third, the digital renminbi may be a substitute for cash, but the public is not attracted to it because it has no appreciation value. While people can earn interest on bank deposits, no interest is offered on digital renminbi deposits.
In fact, the original design of the digital renminbi was for retail —to make transactions more convenient for consumers and merchants. The central bank, too, has said all the research and development is to ensure the digital currency replaces cash, which shows its aim is to use it for retail, especially to make life more convenient for the public with the help of the Internet and mobile apps.
1. Why does the author mention hongbao in Paragraph1?A.To describe the children’s preferences. |
B.To stress the existence of mobile payment. |
C.To introduce the appearance of the digital renminbi. |
D.To show the distinctiveness of Spring Festival. |
A.It has no profits generated. | B.It is acceptable nationwide. |
C.It is safe for the bank depositors. | D.It can replace the existing payment. |
A.Bringing convenience for retail trade. | B.Promoting online shopping. |
C.Stimulating festive consumption. | D.Increasing investment methods. |
A.Ambiguous. | B.Doubtful. | C.Favorable. | D.Objective. |
【推荐1】My name is Stella Young. I grew up in a very small country town in Victoria. I had a very normal, low-key kind of upbringing. I went to school; I hung out with my friends; I fought with my younger sisters. It was all very normal. And when I was 15, a member of my local community approached my parents and wanted to submit my name for a community achievement award. My parents said, “Hmm, that’s really nice, but there’s kind of one obvious problem with that. She hasn’t actually achieved anything.” And they were right. You know I went to school, I got good marks, and I had a very low-key after-school job in my mum’s hairdressing salon.
Years later, I was on my second teaching round in a Melbourne high school, and I was about 20 minutes into a year-11 Legal Studies class when a boy put up his hand and said, “Hey Miss, when are you going to start your speech?”
And I said, “What speech?”
And he said, “You know, like, your motivational speaking. You know, when people in wheelchairs come to school, they usually say, like, inspirational stuff. It’s usually in the big hall.”
And that was the moment I realized that this kid had only ever experienced disabled people as objects of inspiration.
For lots of us, disabled people are not our teachers or our doctors. We’re not real people. We are there to inspire. Yeah, we’ve been sold the lie that disability is a bad thing, and to live with a disability makes you exceptional.
It’s not a bad thing, and it doesn’t make you exceptional. And in the past few years, we’ve been able to spread this lie even further through social media.
Life as a disabled person is actually somewhat difficult. We do overcome some things. But they have nothing to do with our bodies. I use the term “disabled people” purposely, because I subscribe to what’s called the social model of disability. This model tells us that we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our diagnoses(诊断).
I want to live in a world where we don’t have such low expectations of disabled people that we are congratulated for getting out of bed and remembering our own names in the morning. I want to live in a world where we value disabled people’s real achievement. And I want to live in a world where a year-11 kid in a Melbourne high school is not one bit surprised that his new teacher is a wheelchair user.
1. What can we learn from Stella Young in the first paragraph?A.She couldn’t get along well with her friends and sisters. |
B.She played a key role at her mum’s hairdressing salon. |
C.She received an award for a great achievement. |
D.She lived an ordinary life in a country town. |
A.The boy didn’t have much life experience. |
B.People have fixed ideas about the disabled. |
C.The disabled can’t find decent jobs because they are incapable. |
D.Stella Young felt uncomfortable because of the boy’s impoliteness. |
A.social media offends the public by spreading lies about the disabled |
B.the disabled are less likely to be successful in their careers |
C.society’s attitude makes disabled people’s life difficult |
D.people’s expectations of the disabled are too high |
A.On the journey to becoming exceptional | B.The secret behind my disability |
C.Show sympathy to the disabled | D.I’m not your inspiration |
【推荐2】Like a lot of science fiction fans, I read William Gibson’s novel Neuromancer not long after it came out in 1984 and, for decades, I had been wondering how he was able to imagine the future when the technologies he wrote about had barely been invented, until I eventually had an opportunity to interview him in the fall of 2020.
During the interview, I asked how he could see the future of the Internet in 1984, when no one other than a few geeks (极客) had heard of it and whether he had been to scientific talks.
“I have never read or listened to the tech leaders’ talks about new technologies,” he replied. “I would rather sit in a room full of either artists or criminals. Their talks would be more helpful with my writing.”
As a journalist who has reported on Silicon Valley (硅谷) for 15 years, I found his comment really convincing. I’ve sat through press conferences and interviews with many famous tech leaders—Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, Marissa Mayer and many others. I never heard Zuckerberg predict fake (假的) news or Steve Jobs worry about iPhone addiction.
“These men are driven by an ideal of how much their technology will change people’s lives or by promises of a lot of money, or both. But one thing is clear: They usually avoid talking about what might happen when their inventions hit the real world,” Gibson explained. “On the other hand, artists are more about holding a mirror up to society and showing us how we behave with the new tools we are given, while criminals are in effect businessmen without brakes, who will look at whatever the latest technology is and think what they can do with it. Neither of them is bound by social conventions at all.”
Since the interview, I have decided to take a page out of William Gibson’s playbook and will go and find some artists or criminals and see what they are going to do with any new technology as soon as it appears in the news.
1. What is Neuromancer?A.A good handbook for geeks. | B.An investigating report. |
C.An amazing science fiction. | D.A collection of interviews. |
A.They are usually narrow-minded. |
B.They just want to make more money. |
C.They are always blinded by their success. |
D.They tend to be too optimistic about their inventions. |
A.Rules. | B.Abilities. | C.Hopes. | D.Profits. |
A.Don’t trust famous tech leaders at all. |
B.Artists and criminals can be more reliable. |
C.Take a balanced view toward new technologies. |
D.We should let others try the latest technologies first. |
【推荐3】Being a parent is tough. Prejudice(偏见) against parents in the workplace only makes it harder.
Asking for flexible schedule is not unique to working parents only. I’ve worked with people in their twenties that requested to work a four-day schedule so they could go back to school part time. I’ve seen older adults in the workplace change their schedules so that they can spend more time at home. Almost everyone has to cut out of the office every now and again for a doctor’s appointment or other personal matters. Flexible schedules seem to be synonymous(代名词) with working parents, but in reality, they are not.
Parents aren’t devoted to their jobs. This is really surprising because it’s quite the contrary. There is actually strong evidence that parents are more devoted to their jobs than many other employees. They are some of the most focused employees out there. Parents are less likely to change jobs than other employees. Stability(稳定) is key when raising a family.
Parents aren’t good team members. Since it is parents that need to leave the office at 5 or aren’t able to come in before 9, most people think that the singletons on the team need to make up for it. In today’s technology world, this is hardly the case. While many parents do limit their physical “in office” hours, most spend time on weekends, early mornings, and after work working. Besides, parents may be more likely to take vacations during major holidays due to children’s school schedules.
Parents are at work only out of financial needs. Why would anyone want to leave their children behind and come to the workplace if they didn’t have to? Actually, a lot of people do. Caring for children is a wonderful experience, but everyone needs a break. Many parents may still be interested in their field of work, finding work interesting. Money is nice, but it’s certainly not the only reason that parents are there.
1. Why do some young people ask for a four-day work schedule?A.To see their working parents. | B.To return to school part time. |
C.To spend more time at home. | D.To make an appointment with doctors. |
A.They are indifferent to their work. | B.They believe their work is unique. |
C.They are rather devoted and focused. | D.They always show interest in their work. |
A.Parents aren’t good team members. |
B.Parents leave office before 5 pm. |
C.Most parents work during non-office hours. |
D.Parents like taking vacations with their children. |
A.Pressure that working parents suffer. |
B.The contributions that parents make. |
C.The profession parents are interested in. |
D.Unreasonable opinions about working parents. |