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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:96 题号:20131362

Who’s in control of your life? Who’s pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it’s other people—society, colleagues, friends, family or our community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation. ”

So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsening lives to keep getting their fix we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.

But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting tired and probably pleasing no one in the process.

So how can we take back control?I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.

1. It can be concluded from the passage that   .
A.it’s better to follow others’ opinions
B.it’s important to accept others’ comments
C.we shouldn’t change our own decision
D.we shouldn’t care too much what others think
2. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his arguments mainly by   .
A.discussing questionsB.making suggestions
C.analyzing causes and effectsD.providing examples and facts
3. What Oscar Wilde says implies that   .
A.most people have a variety of thoughts
B.we have thoughts similar to those of others
C.other people’s thoughts are more important
D.most people’s thoughts are affected by others
4. What does the author try to argue in the third paragraph?
A.The price of taking the drug is freedom.
B.We may lose ourselves to win the approval of others.
C.We need to pay for what we want to get.
D.Changing opinions may cost us our freedom.

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章以Mandy和Joe的故事为切入点,主要介绍男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因。

【推荐1】Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book.” says Mandy. Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’I cried.’ You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-s—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!!Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.”

How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way?

On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behavior thought to be: male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同伴)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”

On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired (与生俱来的) differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed s strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.

Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undoubted, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what degree biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.

1. What does the underlined word “contention” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Satisfaction.B.DisagreementC.Influence.D.Information
2. What topic does the text focus on?
A.Whether men and women are differentB.Why minds and bodies are so different.
C.How different males and females are.D.What causes the sex difference.
3. What does the study about monkeys prove?
A.Monkeys have their own preferences.B.Parents indeed have strong impacts.
C.Men and women are born different.D.Females and males behave differently.
4. Which statement about sex differences does the author probably agree with?
A.Biology leads to the differences.B.Biology mostly affects our choices.
C.Social influence can be ignored.D.Peers have more impact than parents.
2023-11-28更新 | 52次组卷
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【推荐2】Aspirin was discovered in 1897, and an explanation of how it works followed in 1995. That, in turn, has encouraged some research leads on making better pain relievers through something other than trial and error. This kind of discovery—answers first, explanations later—is called "intellectual debt". We gain understanding of what works without knowing why it works. We can put that understanding to use immediately, and then tell ourselves we'll figure out the details later. Sometimes we pay off the debt quickly; sometimes, as with aspirin, it takes a century; and sometimes we never pay it off at all.

In the Age of Intelligence, while machine learning presents lots of problems and gets things wrong, at least we know enough to be wary of the predictions produced by the system and to argue that they shouldn't be blindly followed: but if a system performs perfectly(and we don't know why), then we come to rely on it and forget about it and suffer consequences when it goes wrong.

It's the difference between knowing your car has faulty brakes and not knowing: both are bad, but if you know there is a problem with your brakes, you can increase your following distance, drive slowly and get to a mechanic as soon as possible. If you don't know, you' re likely to find out the hard way, at 80mph on the highway when the car in front of you comes to a sudden stop and your brakes give out.

We don't have much by way of solutions. Most important, we shouldn't trick ourselves into thinking that machine learning alone is all that matters. Indeed, without life value, machine learning may not be meaningful answers at all.

1. What is the purpose of mentioning aspirin in the first paragraph?
A.To present the research process of aspirin.
B.To introduce a similar situation machine learning faces.
C.To show the difficulty in explaining how aspirin works.
D.To prove we can use something even when we don't understand.
2. What does the underlined word "wary" probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Negative.B.Doubtful.C.Anxious.D.Watchful.
3. How does the writer prove that it's potentially worse if a system performs perfectly?
A.By telling a story.B.By giving a definition.
C.By doing an experiment.D.By making comparison.
4. Which of the following statements is the writer likely to agree with?
A.It's OK as long as a system works well.B.It's impossible to pay off Intellectual debt.
C.It's unwise to rely blindly on machine learning.D.It makes no sense to pay attention to life value.
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【推荐3】Spring Festival is a special occasion for children also because they receive red envelopes (hongbao) from elders on the occasion. While in the past, children used to rejoice after receiving hongbao from elders in person, nowadays they mostly receive them online thanks to the coming of mobile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which urged the central bank to create a new legal tender (法定货币) for online transactions (交易).

That’s how the digital renminbi came into being. The digital currency has increased the types of negotiable instruments issued by the central bank and diversified the payment tools. Yet the promotion and application of the digital renminbi faces some challenges, especially because it is yet to be recognized nationwide.

First, thanks to Alipay and WeChat, they account for almost 95 percent of the mobile payment market. Based on these payment apps, a complete consumer application ecosystem has been established covering activities such as shopping, traveling, giving red envelopes, making payments, and investing funds. In the short term, however, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake the existing payment and transaction ecosystem.

Second, payments made through the digital renminbi are not channeled through bank accounts. Instead, they are deposited directly into “digital accounts” and transactions can be completed through an electronic device, which may cause users to worry about the security of their deposits, particularly because if a user loses his or her cell phone, he/she could lose a lot of money.

Third, the digital renminbi may be a substitute for cash, but the public is not attracted to it because it has no appreciation value. While people can earn interest on bank deposits, no interest is offered on digital renminbi deposits.

In fact, the original design of the digital renminbi was for retail —to make transactions more convenient for consumers and merchants. The central bank, too, has said all the research and development is to ensure the digital currency replaces cash, which shows its aim is to use it for retail, especially to make life more convenient for the public with the help of the Internet and mobile apps.

1. Why does the author mention hongbao in Paragraph1?
A.To describe the children’s preferences.
B.To stress the existence of mobile payment.
C.To introduce the appearance of the digital renminbi.
D.To show the distinctiveness of Spring Festival.
2. What do we know about the digital renminbi according to the text?
A.It has no profits generated.B.It is acceptable nationwide.
C.It is safe for the bank depositors.D.It can replace the existing payment.
3. What is the initial aim of the digital renminbi?
A.Bringing convenience for retail trade.B.Promoting online shopping.
C.Stimulating festive consumption.D.Increasing investment methods.
4. What is the author’s attitude to the digital renminbi?
A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Favorable.D.Objective.
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