Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do.
If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you’ll not move before the host says “Come in, please.” After you enter the room, you wouldn’t sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a tea-table before you or sent to your hand, you’ll say “Thank you” and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or they’ll think you are ill-mannered.
Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a guest never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host, especially the hostess pleased.
1. We must find out what the different manners are in different countries so that ________.A.we can know what to do and what not to do when we go there |
B.they won’t think we are ill |
C.we won’t be thought in poor health |
D.we can give some examples |
A.you won’t leave | B.you won’t walk |
C.you won’t stand in front of him | D.you won’t get in |
A.before your visitor enters your house |
B.before you enter the host’s house |
C.before you visit a family |
D.before you sit down and receive a cup of tea |
A.you needn’t take off your shoes |
B.you must take off your dirty shoes |
C.you are not allowed to wear dirty shoes |
D.you should put on clean shoes |
A.he has enjoyed it |
B.he needs some drink |
C.he is not hungry at all |
D.he can’t have any more |
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【推荐1】It may surprise bookworms, but apparently masterpieces such as Jane Eyre are lacking in something — sound effects. An electronic-book firm is adding background noises and music to the works of Charlotte Bronte, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and William Shakespeare in the hope of attracting younger readers. In one example, a description of rain lashing against a window in a Sherlock Holmes story will be “enhanced” with matching noises.
The first multimedia e-books — with sounds to accompany novels — will be available this Friday in the UK. The Booktrack releases are available to iPad users, with other tablet computer versions to follow. The concept is already in use in the U.S., where the classics come with added sound effects. Readers for example can hear the china cups chinking in Mr. Darcy’s garden as they read Pride And Prejudice.
A story by Booker Prize winner Salman Rushdie will be released later in the year with a specially crafted orchestral score. Rushdie’s story In The South will be released with a soundtrack provided by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra.
The Power Of Six by Pittacus Lore, a novel for young adults, is one of the first to be tested with a soundtrack which builds in suspense in keeping with the plot. It works by timing the speed of each reader and the software measures the “turning” of a page and moves the music or sounds along accordingly. It has been created by Booktrack which synchronizes (使同步) music to each novel. It is funded by Peter Thiel, a co-founder of PayPal.
Mr. Thiel said, “It’s always exciting to witness the creation of a new form of media. The technology promises to captivate readers in a different way.”
However, they have been greeted with horror by traditionalists, who say the technology takes away the pleasure of having one’s imagination stimulated by a story. They also raise the prospect (预期) of having to ask an overly eager reader to turn their book down. David Nicholls, whose bestseller One Day was recently turned into a film starring Anne Hathaway, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. It would be a distraction.”
1. What’s the purpose of the electronic-book firm adding sound effects to masterpieces?A.To add some creative factors to the e-books. |
B.To arouse interest of the readers. |
C.To satisfy the readers’ great need. |
D.To promote the technology progress. |
A.Britain. | B.Australia. |
C.New Zealand. | D.America. |
A.measuring how long each reader spends in reading |
B.increasing the volume of the music or sounds |
C.making out the reading speed |
D.changing the music or sounds with pages turned |
A.Doubtful. | B.Indifferent. |
C.Hopeful. | D.Pessimistic. |
【推荐2】On a soulless roundabout at a motorway crossroads, next door to a Burger King and opposite McDonald’s, stands a newcomer to the world of fast-food in France: a boulangerie, or French bakery. With sufficient parking, the Boulangerie offers its car-borne customers a variety of choices. The boulangerie is traditionally a feature of the village square or high street. Yet now, it is taking off as an out-of-town drive-in or drive-to experience.
It is an unexpected time for the baguette (法式面包) to spread, let alone on the country’s city edges. Rising energy and flour prices have pushed the price of the humble stick over the symbolic one euro in some places. Older folks still recall the time in the 1970s when it went for one French franc. Yet in 2022 more new boulangeries opened their doors in France than closed, according to Altares, a research group. Across the country 2,538 new bakeries set up shop last year. In the Paris region, the fastest growth has taken place not in the capital’s built-up walkable centre, but its low-density (低密度) outer suburbs — meeting the need of the motorist.
Marie Blachere, a chain of boulangeries which started their business on car-accessible edge-of-town sites, now has over 700 outlets across France; 70 opened last year alone. It provides industrial-scale kitchens for hand-made baguettes, made from dough prepared, kneaded and baked on the site, a condition in France for use of the label boulangerie. With turnover of over €550m, it ranks as one of the top ten fast-food chains in France. In the city of Chartres, Cyril Avert boulangerie serves baguettes to motorists at the wheel, as a pure drive-through service. So does Jules & John, in over 20 towns in France.
The drive-in or drive-to fashion is not welcome news for the boulangeries on narrow town-centre streets, many of which are struggling with rising costs. But it does reflect a stubborn fact about France, which those who govern from its city centres ignore. In 2021, 82% of French households owned at least one vehicle, and many in outer suburbs and semi-rural parts depend on it for work. The French remain as attached to their daily, or even twice-daily, baguette as they do to their use of the car.
1. Who are the recently-opened baguette bakeries targeted for?A.New arrivals. | B.Hurrying drivers. |
C.Leisurely tourists. | D.Fashionable youths. |
A.Brands of boulangeries. | B.Profits from boulangeries. |
C.Examples of boulangerie expansion. | D.Conditions for opening a new boulangerie. |
A.Objective. | B.Approving. | C.Dismissive. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Baguette and vehicle: hand in hand |
B.Boulangeries: suffering rocketing price |
C.Boulangeries: springing up in unlikely places |
D.Baguettes: the symbol of traditional French cuisine |
【推荐3】London Underground
The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time,the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work, they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease(减轻) the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground, the first subway system, was born.
The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays, but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) long. About 30,000 people got on the subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed),and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However,the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot(煤灰), as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems, riding in the Underground did ___catch on___ It carried 9 million riders in its first year.
1. What led the British government to build the London Underground?A.Traffic jams and pollution. |
B.Population and pollution. |
C.Overcrowding and traffic jams. |
D.The poverty and subway problems. |
A.It made the tunnels larger. |
B.It put fans in the tunnels. |
C.It cleaned the chemical gases in the tunnels. |
D.It reduced the number of passengers riding in the train. |
A.be troublesome |
B.become popular and fashionable |
C.keep up with |
D.seize |
A.To relocate the workers’homes outside London,the government built the subway. |
B.There were so many problems and delays that in 18th century the first subway opened. |
C.The subway greatly eased the pressure of traffic. |
D.There were not enough seats for the passengers the first day the subway opened. |
A.more problems with subways |
B.subways around the world later on |
C.the history and culture of London |
D.the Beijing subway |
【推荐1】Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries, like the UK or France, people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafe rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion, instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values, however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
1. What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “emphasize”?A.To draw special attention to. | B.To ignore. |
C.To laugh at. | D.To get close to. |
A.the English prefer to make long speeches |
B.too many words are of no use |
C.people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature |
D.even talk and silence can be culturally different |
A.By sharing different ways of life. | B.By accepting different habits. |
C.By recognizing different values. | D.By speaking each other’s languages. |
A.Multicultural Environment. | B.Cross-Cultural Differences. |
C.How to Understand Each Other. | D.How to Build Up a Relationship. |
【推荐2】Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a cup of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries — like the UK or France — people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead, there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realised that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because the culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
1. According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?A.By sharing different ways of life. |
B.By accepting different habits. |
C.By recognising different values. |
D.By speaking each other’s languages. |
A.Multicultural Environment |
B.Cross-cultural Differences |
C.How to Understand Each Other |
D.How to Build Up a Relationship |
A.Developing closer relations. |
B.Sharing the same culture. |
C.Getting to know each other. |
D.Keeping each other company. |
A.The English prefer to make long speeches. |
B.Too many words are of no use. |
C.People from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature. |
D.Even talk and silence can be culturally different. |
【推荐3】Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers maybe anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people’s behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitors find that “yes” may not always mean “yes”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners maybe unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register (注册,登记) for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
1. What might happen when newcomers enter a new culture?A.They have difficult yin saying yes or no. |
B.They find it annoying to understand the friendship. |
C.They refuse to shake hands with strangers. |
D.They are puzzled by local customs and habits. |
A.discouragements | B.achievements | C.arguments | D.amazement |
A.They will miss their motherland deeply enough to return to their homeland. |
B.They are willing to accept a new culture unconditionally and completely. |
C.They try their best to fit into local life and live a positive and upward life. |
D.They only contact fellow countrymen with the same experience. |
A.What to do to ignore the differences. | B.How to live comfortably abroad. |
C.How to deal with the culture shock. | D.What to do to avoid homesickness. |