What is the ideal physique(体形)? The answer is ever-changing. But it is to a large extent work of a single company that dominated the past 60 years of body image standards.
Since its creation in 1959, Barbie has been in the leading position of promoting hardly attainable body image standards, for which it was often heavily criticized. Scientific research shows that the probability of achieving a Barbie-like body shape is less than 1 in 100,000!
Mattel, the company behind the Barbie doll, has recognized that the 60s’ idea of good body image is long gone. In an effort to keep up with social change, Mattel is adjusting the dolls' body type and skin color, introducing special editions.
There is now a Barbie in a wheelchair. There is a Barbie Astronaut, Rescuer, or Engineer. In their latest Barbie special edition, Mattel honors the women fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, including Dame Sarah Gilbert. In the hope that Mattel is adapting to modern corporate standards just as well as it is to social change, we’re attracted by what the company's sustainability data may tell us.
What does the data tell us? To answer this question, we’ve launched a sustainability-focused beauty contest-with Mattel as one of the contestants. The company scores relatively well on environmental and social metrics(衡量标准).However, in terms of diversity, Mattel is well below its competitor, Hasbro. This being said, the judges advise that beauty should be equally defined by the inside and the outside.
What does this mean? Be body-positive! As we’re approaching the second quarter of the 21st century, the importance of a healthy relationship between mind and body is being recognized. And with this, body image standards are changing, allowing for more freedom of expression and identity.
Mattel’s efforts in product diversity are a welcome step in the right direction, as the doll has its very own influence. We believe that Barbie’s future lies in the empowerment(赋予力量)of today’s youth, contributing toward a generation of confident individuals.
1. How does scientific research evaluate a Barbie-like body shape?A.It needs much luck to achieve it. |
B.It's almost impossible to achieve it. |
C.There is increasing probability of achieving it. |
D.It's a breakthrough in attainable body image standards. |
A.To score well on social metrics. |
B.To launch a beauty contest. |
C.To keep pace with the times. |
D.To define what is real beauty. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Uncertain. | D.Uninterested. |
A.The Future of Barb |
B.New Metrics for Body Image |
C.A Deep Dive into Barbie’s World |
D.A Great Change in Body Image Standards |
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【推荐1】Social media has become a prevalent aspect of modern life, providing people with new ways to communicate and connect with others. However, as social media usage rises, so do the concerns surrounding its impact on mental health. Recent studies have shown that frequent social media use can increase feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness.
One way that social media negatively affects mental health is through the unrealistic portrayal of people’s lives. Many individuals on social media present polished and curated versions of their lives, showcasing only the most desirable aspects. These filtered images and messages can leave people feeling inadequate and depressed as they compare their own lives to what they see online.
Furthermore, the constant barrage of notifications, messaging, and updates can leave individuals feeling overwhelmed, leading to heightened feelings of anxiety and stress. Social media can also foster a toxic environment where cyberbullying, harassment, and discrimination thrive.
Despite these negative impacts, social media can also have positive effects on mental health. People who use social media to connect with others can develop strong friendships and a support system. Social media can also provide a space for individuals to learn about mental health resources and connect with communities of people facing similar challenges.
It is therefore crucial for individuals to manage their social media usage and recognize the potential risks. Limiting screen time, following positive accounts, and practicing self-care can help minimize the negative impacts of social media on mental health. Moreover, society as a whole must address these issues and work towards creating a culture of positiveness, inclusiveness, and mental wellness online.
1. How do social media passively affect mental health?A.By generating a toxic environment where cyberbullying thrives. |
B.By providing a space for individuals to connect with others. |
C.By improving self-esteem and preventing loneliness. |
D.By encouraging healthy behaviors. |
A.Screen time mounts. |
B.Follow passive accounts. |
C.Overlook self-care practices. |
D.Contain screen time and follow positive accounts. |
A.Creating a toxic environment. |
B.Encouraging healthy behaviors. |
C.Providing people with a support system. |
D.All of the above. |
A.Increase feelings of happiness and contentment. |
B.Incubate feelings of inadequacy and depression. |
C.Assist people to lift up their lives. |
D.None of the above. |
【推荐2】Travel is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you’re going to get, especially when using a mystery box plane ticket. Earlier this year, mystery box travel purchases increased and became trendy among China’s young people. In normal trips, people often plan their vacations well in advance. After buying a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — however, the travelers using this method will select their departure airport and receive several destination options to choose from. After the destination is decided, their trip begins.
Liao Liangyu, 16, has turned his eagerness to go on a mystery box trip into reality. He took a mystery box trip to Changsha with a couple of friends months ago. Right before their departure, a friend told Liao that Changsha was a super hyped-up (被炒作的) Internet sensation (网红). But he still decided to go and see it for himself.
“My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao explained to China Daily. “You can see skyscraper (摩天大楼) and old houses in the same view.”
Since the destination options include many less popular cities, travel mystery boxes also bring energy and economic benefits to these destinations. For example, Dehong city is a beautiful city in Yunnan province, yet has few visitors due to a lack of promotion. Following its inclusion as a mystery box travel destination, however, it has gained a lot of attention and is now thought of as a solid location for tourism.
But even so, a large number of people feel disappointed with travel mystery boxes because they can encounter many problems after purchasing one, such as inappropriate travel time, sudden flight cancellations, or even challenges with refunds. Su Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should choose reliable platforms and sign contracts to guarantee their interests.
1. What is the appeal of mystery box travel?A.Traveling with like-minded strangers. |
B.Unplanned traveling at a low cost. |
C.Fixed routes to choose from. |
D.Popular destinations to visit. |
A.He regretted traveling with his friends. |
B.He felt Changsha didn’t deserve its fame. |
C.He disliked the unpredictability. |
D.He discovered something unexpected. |
A.They help these places better known. |
B.They often cause overcrowding. |
C.They lead to environmental problems. |
D.They enrich local people’s lives. |
A.Reliable platforms to buy travel mystery boxes. |
B.Various mystery box travel options available. |
C.Potential issues related to travel mystery boxes. |
D.Mystery box travel regulations and policies. |
【推荐3】Whether you admit it or not, people’s love for Christmas jumpers (毛衣) around Christmas has increased over recent years. And while you may be less willing to get involved in the Christmas jumper trend, Christmas Jumper Day now enables you to do more with your jumper than build up sweat in an incredibly warm office.
The origin of the Christmas jumper can date back to the late 19th century in the USA. Americans in the 1930s knitted (编织) for Christmas to create an item of clothing to keep them “warm” during the tough period- the Great Depression. They copied the jumpers they saw their favorite stars wearing on the big screen. From the 1950s, it was common to see American families wearing festive jumpers as they sat down to eat their Christmas dinner.
Now, alongside wearing a festive jumper for the fun of it, there are other positive outcomes. Christmas Jumper Day has been set up to encourage people to make the world better and raise funds tor Save the Children by wearing a Christmas jumper and making a minimum donation of £1. Ladbrokes, a company, in the UK, is running a competition in which all you have to do is take a selfie (自拍) outside of one of their shops while wearing a jumper- the winner will win a good prize and for every submission Ladbrokes will donate f5 to St. Luke’s Hospital charity. For you, it’s a win-win situation.
If you’re still unconvinced that it’s about time you bought yourself a Christmas jumper, then maybe the fact that Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg have all been spotted wearing Christmas jumpers will raise your enthusiasm. Retailers (零售商) such as Topshop, Burberry and H&M have also become committed to Christmas Jumper Day and have their very own types of Christmas jumpers.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A.Christmas jumpers serve many functions. |
B.Wearing Christmas jumpers in the office has been a trend. |
C.Christmas jumpers have gained huge popularity. |
D.Everyone should have a Christmas jumper. |
A.To protect them from cold weather. | B.To lift their spirits. |
C.To follow the stars they like. | D.To establish a tradition. |
A.You may help others and win some money. |
B.You may raise awareness and save resources. |
C.You may make a donation and achieve fame. |
D.You may get some aid and promote Ladbrokes. |
A.To encourage people to donate Christmas jumpers. |
B.To show the significance of Christmas Jumper Day. |
C.To persuade readers to purchase a Christmas jumper. |
D.To prove Christmas jumpers are popular among stars. |
【推荐1】For anyone who thinks of themselves as a leader - or an effective manager of their career-accepting a degree of fear when faced with high-stakes decisions may be necessary. Therese Huston, author of a new book about decision-making,urges those who suffer to enjoy it.Tell yourself this isn't anxiety, this is excitement, she says. Research shows that facing these workplace difficulties with relish(享受)is better than trying to be calm. Forcing yourself to think about a high-pressure situation as an exciting challenge enables you to screen out the negative judgments of others and focus.
If you're not seeing threats everywhere,then you'll make better decisions, says Ms Huston, a cognitive psychologist who advises companies on how to improve their decision-making.In How Women Decide,which contains advice for everyone, she draws on research from Alison Wood Brooks of Harvard Business School,who found that trying to calm down can be counterproductive.Studying performance anxiety,Ms Wood Brooks discovered that reassessing stress as excitement can boost results. And the stress brought on by a dilemma needs to be tackled, for the sake of making good and balanced decisions.
Ms Huston recommends exploring other options when facing a choice rather than obsessing about a yes versus no - a binary choice with risks attached piles on the pressure. You should pause and introduce another alternative.Therefore,as to such questions as 'Should I take this job or not?' , 'or stay where I am but ask for a new role?' Ms Huston maintains that decisions based on a simple two-way choice turned out to be more problematic half of the time.
Considering more than two options resulted in a more positive verdict (评判) on the decision a year or so later. Ms Huston advises practising the art of generating more than one option in everyday choices when you are calm and relaxed. Make it a habit, she suggests, because when you are stressed, you usually want to move quickly from 'What am I going to do?' to 'At least I'm doing something'.
1. Ms Huston believes that________.A.accepting fear to some extent is necessary when leaders are making decisions |
B.keeping cool is better than feeling anxious when making decisions |
C.negative judgments are helpful when leaders are making decisions |
D.reassessing stress as excitement can boost results |
A.accept |
B.reflect |
C.eliminate |
D.broadcast |
A.Suppose you believe threats are everywhere, you'll make better decisions. |
B.It's better to remain calm down when you are faced with obstacles. |
C.Facing a choice, you should stick to “yes” or “ no” questions. |
D.It's advised to avoid a simple two-way choice when making decisions. |
A.Threats are everywhere. |
B.Stay calm when making decisions. |
C.Enjoy it when facing high pressure. |
D.Make it a rule to consider more than two options. |
【推荐2】Maybe you pop vitamins supporting brainpower, or stock upon these foods that boost brain health. But new guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology suggest there's something better you can do to keep your mind sharp.
A quarter of adults aged 80 to 84 experience mild cognitive (认知的) impairment, according to AAN. To address the widespread problem, a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's (阿尔兹海默氏症的) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline-and you might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.
Surprisingly, the AAN guidelines don't include any medication (药物) or dietary recommendations. The authors stress that there haven't been any high-quality, long-term studies finding foods or medication can help cognitive decline. The guidelines also say doctors can consider suggesting cognitive training to patients with memory loss but not to rely on it. So far, the report's authors say the evidence is too inconclusive to say for sure if brain exercises, like memory and attention training or problem solving for everyday issues associated with memory loss, are beneficial. Still, these morning brain exercises can't do any harm.
But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines: Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline. One study showed adults with mild cognitive impairment who did resistance training twice a week scored better on executive function and associative (联想的) memory tests than a group that worked on balancing, stretching, and relaxing.
What's more, another study had older adults attend either biweekly health classes or sessions of aerobics, strength training, balance exercises, and multitasking training. Six months later, the ones who'd exercised regularly scored better on cognitive health and memory tests, plus had less brain shrinkage.
AAN now recommends doctors tell patients with memory loss to exercise twice a week to keep their minds sharp. This is the best time to exercise if you want to improve your memory. It looks like you've got just one more reason to clear time in your schedule for a workout — even if it's only on the weekends.
1. What does the underlined word ''impairment'' in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Error. | B.Decline. | C.Development. | D.Presence. |
A.strength training | B.resistance training |
C.exercises twice a week | D.brain exercise |
A.Daily exercises are beneficial to Alzheimer. |
B.The AAN guidelines attach importance to workout. |
C.Medication is of significance in the AAN guidelines. |
D.Stocking up on vitamins supporting brainpower means nothing. |
A.Exercise. | B.Entertainment. | C.Science | D.Health |
【推荐3】Joshua Plotnik and his colleagues carried out the tests on six 12-45-year-old Asian elephants living in the grounds of a hotel in northern Thailand. The buckets containing the seeds were not clear enough to see through and had a lid with small holes to let the smell out. In experiments, the elephants chose the greater quantity of seeds in each pair, regardless of the quantity of seeds presented. The accuracy of the prediction was better when the difference between each pair increased.
This is thought to be the first time that an animal is able to use its sense of smell to make a simple calculation of whether one of two quantities is more or less than another-the most basic form of math.
Many animal species have shown an ability to tell apart between more and less when presented with different amounts of food. But they have used vision to discriminate. Dogs have been unable to show they can perform the same trick in tests of their abilities to smell.
For an elephant this ability could be very important. Elephants often travel long distances to find better-quality food and water, which can differ according to seasonal availability, changes to their environment, and a risk they could be attacked by humans. The best performers were able to get it right more than 80 per cent of the time.
The scientists suggest that male elephants are better at the task because they need to eat more food, making it more important that their sense of smell is keener. Males also have to sniff out females in heat over long distances in order to reproduce.
They say that while elephants do use vision, particularly in close contexts where they react to each other’s body language, they use it mainly to match their more powerful senses-hearing, smell and touch.
That elephants have a powerful sense of smell is perhaps unsurprising. They have more genes related to smell than any other animal: 2,000 compared to around 800 for a dog.
1. What special ability do elephants have?A.Use their trunks to find different smells. |
B.Distinguish between more and less food. |
C.Smell the differences of food quality. |
D.Per form the basic math calculation. |
A.Choose. | B.Indicate. |
C.Measure. | D.Distinguish. |
A.To find where the better food is. |
B.To find where humans wait to attack them. |
C.To find where the environment has changed. |
D.To find where they can adapt to the climate. |
A.Elephants can do simple math puzzles |
B.Elephants can “count” with their trunks |
C.Elephants can smell the quality of food |
D.Elephants can use vision to communicate |
【推荐1】One billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved. Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.
Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.
The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water — most of the iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.
How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling. Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters. Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.
All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.
1. What is a problem in transporting iceberg?A.The size of the iceberg. |
B.The colour of the iceberg. |
C.The salt in the iceberg. |
D.The movement of air and water. |
A.Pessimistic. | B.Objective. |
C.Optimistic. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.It is hard to use iceberg. | B.Iceberg are a good choice. |
C.There are problems with iceberg. | D.Man finds no other ways to solve water shortage. |
A.Shortage of water. | B.Icebergs for water. |
C.Scientists and icebergs. | D.Iceberg—scientists headache. |
【推荐2】For the growing number of Chinese heading west to work and study, there's plenty they find surprising. Upon arrival in the West, many Chinese find they have to firstly put on the brakes. Li Yifeng, raised in northern China and now based in England, agrees.“The only thing Chinese people would be shocked by in Britain is how long it takes to do things,” he says. “For instance in China if you want to open a bank account, you don't wait, you just do it at the counter.” Outofhours and weekend work is standard in China, but in Britain, the weekend is for family and friends.
Jack Chen, who left his homeland 12 years ago and is now a lawyer in Belgium says office politics are simpler in Europe, partly because the hierarchy (等级制度) is less rigid than in China, where the boss really is the boss and social class in the office is very obvious and important. As a result, staff in a Chinese company think very carefully about how to present their views and ideas. Employees in the West can share their opinions more freely. In China you should have the wisdom to say something in an appropriate way. But in Europe you can just say what you want.
The newest Chinese arrivals have a very different view to previous generations, according to Sharon Jin, who moved to the US 20 years ago and is now an American citizen. “Almost 100% of people of my generation who came to the States want to get a green card,” she says. “But today younger Chinese plan to work for 10 years here and then return to China to buy a house or look after their parents.” While a record number of 523,700 students left China to study elsewhere in 2015, roughly 70%~80% of students abroad have been returning in recent years because of the attractive job market at home, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education (CME).
1. What do many Chinese find surprising while in Britain?A.That they drive faster than the drivers in Britain. |
B.That they can open a bank account at any time. |
C.That working extra hours in Britain is very common. |
D.That working pace in Britain is less fast than at home. |
A.Jack Chen has been a lawyer in Belgium for 12 years |
B.employees in the West show less respect for their boss. |
C.Chinese employees are cautious when presenting ideas |
D.people in Europe express themselves in a modest way |
A.it's hard for them to get a green card |
B.it's easy for them to buy a house at home |
C.they will have to look after their parents |
D.there are more job opportunities in China |
A.By interviewing students abroad. |
B.By comparing the differences. |
C.By discussing some facts. |
D.By listing some figures. |
In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.
Water is nature’s most valuable gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world, rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe nations around them.
Water is also a source of energy and power. Man builds huge dams across the rivers to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.
Man uses water each day. In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.
1. Rivers have been important to man______.
A.since the last century | B.since they came into being |
C.since a few hundred years ago | D.since the beginning of BC |
A.by sea | B.by air | C.by train | D.by bus |
A.to direct electrical | B.to control |
C.to build dams | D.to produce electricity |