Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on Xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the     1    (early)Chinese characters to date—inscriptions on oracle bones(甲骨文)from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province. Over time, calligraphy gradually took shape as a form of art rather than a mere means     2     record.   

Calligraphy is a     3    (demand)and advanced art. From brush inclination and direction to speed of writing, every twist and turn of the wrist     4    (calculate). Structure of individual characters and spatial layout as a whole determine its quality. Moreover, it is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are     5    (direct)reflected on calligraphy.

Calligraphy is refined art. Lan Ting Xu,     6    (create)by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317—420), is one of the most celebrated masterpieces of Chinese calligraphy. Its elegance and expressive brushwork brought it both historical and cultural significance in Chinese literature. Calligraphy is also within reach. Like the spring festival couplets(对联)    7     decorate doors of everyday folks, calligraphy has always been the embodiment of art     8    (appreciate)for the Chinese.

Where there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy,     9     where there is calligraphy, there is beauty. The artistry is still highly valued today, for it is more than just writing, it is     10     living treasure.

China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site     1    (declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee during its 43^rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.

The site,     2    is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China’s eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3,300 B.C.     3     2,300 B.C. The ruins of ancient Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites     4    (surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009. It was     5     (official) submitted to UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win     6     (recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site     7     (include) archaeological remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers     8     area of 908. 89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5 ,000 years ago, 1 ,000 years     9     (early) than previously thought, according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.

The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list    10     (encourage) better protection of the site, considered to be of “outstanding universal value” to humanity.

In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake    1    (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other    2     the cheeks. This is also common in France,    3     the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not     4    universal rule.