Mother Earth got a bad health report from the United Nations (UN) this week, and the scientific team that conducted the exam didn’t hesitate to deliver the bad news. Joyce Msuya, director of the UN report, said, “The Earth stands at a crossroads. Its illnesses are still treatable, but not for much longer. If we continue along our present path, it will lead to a bleak future.”
According to the report, the Earth is suffering from biodiversity loss, population explosions, land degradation (退化) and air and water pollution.
Biodiversity helps regulate (调控) climate, clean air and water, form and keep soil, and reduce the effects of natural disasters. Yet, populations of species (物种) are declining and the extinction (灭绝) rates are rising. Presently, 42 percent of land-based animals, 34 percent of freshwater animals, and 25 percent of sea animals are at risk for extinction while 70 percent of our food depends directly on them.
However, the population is on track to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050. Without great and urgent changes in production and consumption patterns, the planet will not be able to support it by mid-century.
As for the Earth itself, 10 out of 14 land places have seen a decrease in productivity. Forty percent of wetlands have been lost to agriculture and urban development since 1970. Farm land is becoming less rich and useful, due in part to traditional farming systems. In most places, water quality has worsened “significantly” since 1990, poisoned by chemical pollution. One in three people still lacks access to safe water.
Joyce Msuya noted that the report provides multiple methods to treat the globe, many of them by using methods and technologies that already exist. For example, biodiversity loss and land pollution can be stopped by changes in consumption, agricultural practices, and redistribution of food.
“The world has the means to rescue our earth. What’s missing is the political will to act, with the necessary speed and size,” said Joyce Msuya.
1. What does the underlined word “bleak” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Bright. | B.Hopeless. | C.Uncertain. | D.Near. |
A.Summarize the previous paragraph. |
B.Provide background for the readers. |
C.Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
D.Outline the key points to be developed. |
A.They prevent natural disasters. |
B.They stop the climate changes. |
C.They help clean up the environment. |
D.They supply enough food for us directly. |
A.The public has not realized the Earth’s illness yet. |
B.Biodiversity loss and land pollution can be stopped. |
C.We have already had all the means to save the Earth. |
D.Governments lack the will to take quick and big action. |
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【推荐1】Politicians and the public tend to worry about carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放) but neglect the effects of cutting methane (甲烷). Actually, dealing with the gas would have a large effect rapidly and at relatively low cost.
Human activity emits far less methane than carbon dioxide, but methane has a heavier impact. Over the course of 20 years, a ton of the gas will warm the atmosphere about 86 times more than a ton of CO2. As a result, methane is responsible for 23% of the rise in temperatures since preindustrial times. Carbon dioxide gets most of the attention, but unless methane emissions are limited, there is little hope of controlling the climate.
By how much do methane emissions need to fall? Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for centuries, making it hard to reduce its atmospheric concentrations (浓度). By contrast, methane has a half-life of roughly ten years, which means that it degrades quickly. If new emissions can be cut to below the rate at which old emissions reduce, the concentration of methane in the atmosphere will soon fall, slowing global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that, to keep temperatures between 1.5℃ and 2℃ above preindustrial levels, human methane emissions must drop to 35% below where they stood in 2010 by midcentury.
That is entirely possible. A big step would be to stop millions of tons of methane from leaking out of fossil-fuel infrastructure each year, through pipes with holes, leaky valves and carelessness. The International Energy Agency, a global forecaster, estimates that 40% of methane emissions from fossil fuels, equal to 9% of all human methane emissions, can be got rid of at no net cost for firms. The harder task is to reduce emissions from agriculture, but even here farmers can make use of new ideas, including developing new forms of food for farm animals, and changing how rice is watered.
1. What does the underlined word “neglect” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Ignore. | B.Blame. | C.Value. | D.Delay. |
A.A less serious threat to global warming. |
B.The little hope of controlling the climate. |
C.People’s more attention on carbon dioxide. |
D.The urgent need to reduce methane emissions. |
A.They are the only hope of controlling the climate. |
B.Their atmospheric concentrations are hard to reduce. |
C.Their impact on the climate is huge but manageable. |
D.They stay in the atmosphere longer than carbon dioxide. |
A.Coal mining. | B.Rice farming. | C.Fuel burning. | D.Oil leaking. |
【推荐2】Heavy traffic doesn’t stop big mammals like bears from crossing highways — nor does it keep smaller creatures from being squished (压扁) by cars. In just two years along one highway in Utah, more than 100 animals were killed in traffic accidents. In the United States, there are 21 endangered species whose survival is threatened by traffic accidents.
However, there’s one way to reduce crashes between cars and animals crossing the road: wildlife under and overpasses. Looking much like a regular overpass for cars, but decorated with native plants, they aren’t particularly noticeable unless you know what you’re looking for. The drivers may not be able to see the under crossings. But they’re helping countless species to pass the highways, from gold monkeys in Brazil to water voles in London.
Washington State is one of the latest to join in. Building its first wildlife bridge began in 2015 over Interstate 90 (I-90), which runs from Seattle to Boston. Though it’s just a bare set of arches now, with native plants to be planted next year, deer and wolves are already using it. Along with six underpasses built since 2013, these crossings are the first in a set of 20 along a 15-mile stretch of highway on I-90. These passes will allow black bears and mountain lions to pass through what was once an impenetrable road.
These wildlife crossings aren’t just about saving individual animals — they’re about species survival, too. I-90 is an economically important east-west lifeline in the state. But many of the animals mostly want to move from north to south. Those animals on the south of the highway got trapped in an island. Inbreeding (近亲繁殖) became a potential problem. Localized extinction happens if they don’t have genetic variability. The Snoqualmie overpass helps reconnect these isolated (隔绝的) populations. I-90’s underpasses are important in connecting waterways and species.
1. Why does the author talk about the heavy traffic in Paragraph 1?A.To show the results of wildlife protection. |
B.To indicate its serious threat of over speeding. |
C.To raise people’s awareness of the behavior of wildlife. |
D.To introduce the following way to protect wild animals. |
A.Letting drivers see highways. | B.Building highway crossing for animals. |
C.Decorating busy roads with native plants. | D.Noticing under and overpasses while driving. |
A.Because they can protect native plants for animals. |
B.Because they are economically important for the country. |
C.Because they can help animals trapped in the island on the north. |
D.Because they will prevent species from dying out for lacking genetic variety. |
A.Isolated Wildlife: A Potential Problem |
B.Highway Accidents: A Killer of Wild Animals |
C. Wildlife Bridges: A Solution to Wildlife Protection |
D.Wildlife Crossing: A Regular Overpass for Wildlife |
【推荐3】In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says.
Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
1. What is special about Earth. Food. Love?A.It gives away boxes of food. | B.It is a store without plastic bags. |
C.It has few new customers. | D.It is the UK’s first supermarket. |
A.Its popularity. | B.Its products. | C.Its profits. | D.Its similarity. |
A.Pollution. | B.Acceptance. | C.Influence. | D.Application. |
A.The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. |
B.Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. |
C.A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. |
D.Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. |
【推荐1】Fu Yuanhui is China’s newest sweetheart. The 20-year-old swimmer from Hangzhou won a bronze medal at the recent Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. But it wasn’t the medal that charmed people’s hearts, it was Fu’s honest remarks and bubbly personality.
Climbing out of the pool after a semi-final heat, Fu looked tired and out of breath, and not very happy. She thought her time may not have been good enough to make the final. But the reporter told her otherwise. Fu had just swum a personal best! And it was Fu’s reaction (反应) to this news that made everyone fall in love with her.
Her eyes got big and smiled. “Wow, I’m so fast!” she said. And she joked with the girl reporter that she must have been helped by her “mystical powers.” Later, after the final race, it was the same reporter who again surprised Fu by telling her she’d won a bronze medal. “What? Really?” she said, “That’s not so bad, then.”
Fu worked hard to get to the Olympics and her training, she said, “Even though I did not win a gold medal, I surpassed (超过) myself and I am happy with that.”
1. What kind of medal did Fu Yuanhui win in the Olympic Games in Brazil?A.The gold medal. | B.The silver medal. |
C.The bronze medal. | D.None. |
A.Because she didn’t feel well. |
B.Because she thought she didn’t do well. |
C.Because she wasn’t satisfied with her reaction. |
D.Because the reporter asked her an unhappy question. |
A.had an expressive face | B.was satisfied with herself |
C.thought the game is unfair for her | D.was sorry to get the bronze medal |
A.thought she had tried her best | B.thought she was lucky enough |
C.wanted to thank the reporter | D.planned to win the gold medal |
【推荐2】A butterfly-shaped island in the central Aegean hopes to become Greece’s first carbon-free tourist destination. Under a deal with the government, Volkswagen, a carmaker, has donated several new electric vehicles for use by Astypalea’s public services; it will sell others at cost price to its 1,200 year-round residents. In return, the government has offered more financial assistance for islanders to buy electric cars and will build a solar and wind-fuelled power plant to replace polluting generators.
Unlike other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece’s electricity providers. With only 3,000 rooms for visitors in small hotels or flats, tourism is still low-key. Many residents make a living the old-fashioned way: raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. The island was selected for Volkswagen’s experiment after Nikos Komineas, the go-ahead mayor, contacted the transport ministry for help in finding an electric bus to try out on its rough roads.
Most islanders sound keen on the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to fall by a third over the next five years. Its residents, he says, will get around on electric minibuses, which will be free, linked to a mobile-phone app and available round the clock.
Some observers smell green washing in the project. A bid for a solar park that would generate half the island’s electricity within three years will not get under way before the tourist season ends. A single wind-fuelled engine will be set up only in 2026, assuming the licensing process goes smoothly. That is not normally the case in the Aegean, where islanders worry that tourists will go elsewhere if the view is spoiled by an engine 200 meters high. And even then, the solar and wind-fulled power unit is planned to cover only about 80% of summer demand. But it is a start.
1. Why has Volkswagen signed the deal with the government?A.To control car prices. | B.To help generate electricity. |
C.To promote public transport. | D.To build a zero-carbon island. |
A.It has an aggressive leader. |
B.It is out of the national electricity network. |
C.It is a crowded tourist destination. |
D.It has various goats, bees and fishes. |
A.The experiment will come to nothing. |
B.There are barriers in conducting the project. |
C.Green tourism will become a trend in Greece. |
D.The islanders are unwilling to change their lifestyle. |
A.It’s pioneering. | B.It’s practical. |
C.It’s destructive. | D.It’s costly. |
【推荐3】Arthur Phillip High School, located in Parramatta, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, will be NSW’s first public high-rise high school. When it opens, the school will be different from anything else we’ve got across the system.
Students will eat lunch in courtyards overlooking city rooftops, before continuing their lessons in sound-proofed music rooms, science labs or atriums ( 中 庭 ) with eight metre-high ceilings. The specialty rooms, such as science labs, will be on the top floors. There will be large lifts, but students will be encouraged to use the stairs. There will be a gym, a play ground and play space on each floor.
The building will be run more like an office block than a traditional school, with a plant room used for the operation of the sprinklers(洒水装置), air conditioning and elevator systems. In addition, people will be seen cleaning the windows while students are studying.
“We’re going to have to get kids used to that,” said Sylvia Corish, an executive director of school performance for the NSW Department of Education. “That’s going to be a unique experience.”
“This is a very different concept,” said the chief executive of School Infrastructure NSW, Anthony Manning. “While it has been challenging at times, the end product is going to be really amazing and impressive.”
“I am very surprised and happy to see how creative this learning space will be for students in the Parramatta region for years to come,” Education Minister Sarah Mitchell said.
The Herald visited the new high school, as construction of the ambitious project enters its final phase and students at the original school across the road prepare to begin testing its state-of-the-art facilities. In the next few months, students and teachers will visit the school to help ensure a smooth transition (过渡). “It will be a matter of testing how people can move around the building,” Mr Manning said.
1. How’s the school in appearance?A.It looks like an office building. | B.It is like a traditional school. |
C.It’s surrounded by green plants. | D.It consists of different buildings. |
A.Amazed and impressed. | B.Surprised and doubtful. |
C.Delighted and astonished. | D.Happy and satisfied. |
A.Moving the original school from across the road. |
B.Getting the students accustomed to the new situation. |
C.Providing the students with more space for studying. |
D.Encouraging the students to use the stairs instead of the lift. |
A.NSW’s First Public High-rise High School |
B.A New School that Overlook City Roofs |
C.The Construction and System of a New School |
D.A Unique Experience for High School Students |