Visitors to Britain may experience local culture in a traditional pub. But for a stranger     1     (visit) the country, these friendly pubs can be traps of potential bad manners for the uneducated.

Recently a team of researchers     2     (release) some of the hidden customs of British pubs. Most pubs have no waiters and as a result, you yourself have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths wait 45 minutes before they realize they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient,     3     there is a hidden purpose.

Pub culture is designed to promote communication in a society known for its quietness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting     4     (serve). The bar counter is     5     (possible) the only site in the British Isles     6     friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and a really quite normal     7     (behave).

“If you haven’t been to     8     pub, you haven’t been to Britain. “This tip can be found in a booklet The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette (礼节). The trouble is     9     if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staffs more than a crowd of strangers blocking all access     10     the bar while they argue about what to order.

Festivals and celebrations     1    (hold)since ancient times. Festivals around the world have many origins and are celebrated     2    (different).

Firstly,some festivals like Halloween are celebrated     3    (honour)the dead or our ancestors, for we hold the     4    (believe)that they might return to help us or do harm. But now Halloween has become a children’s festival.Secondly,some festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival and Columbus Day are celebrated     5    memory of famous people. Thirdly, harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are a time     6    we are thankful for the harvests. For example, during the Mid-autumn Festival, we get together to have meals,     7    (admire)the moon. Fourthly, the most     8    (energy)and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the arrival of spring. Some Western countries have     9    (amaze)carnivals which include parades and dancing. In Cherry Blossom Festival, Japan, covered with cherry flowers, looks as if it were covered with pink snow.

We love to celebrate festivals     10     they let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

Music and dance have been a huge part of Irish culture for     1    (generation) and the two go together well. When you go to see a(n)    2    (tradition) Irish dancing show, you will get to experience some musical performances too.

The most famous Irish dancing performance is undoubtedly Riverdance. This     3    (be) originally the half-time show at the Irish-hosted 1994 Eurovision Song Contest but has developed much over the years and the dancers have gone all over the world, widely     4    (share) this part of Irish culture. If you are in Dublin, it might be possible to see some big performances of Riverdance. Usually, such shows     5    (perform) in the famous Gaiety Theatre.

If you are looking for something a little more casual (随意的) though, there are plenty     6     places to go in Dublin. This part of Irish culture, like many others, started off in public houses around the country, and even today there are lots of pubs     7     will play host to dancers and musicians every night of the week. Some of these performances are more intimate (温馨的) and the dancers will take over a small part of the pub to put on     8    (they) show. Some pubs in the city will put on a bigger performance, for they have built stages,     9    (especial) designed so many people can enjoy Irish music and dance while they have dinner. This can be       10     great way to see as much of Irish culture as possible while you are here.