The Steps to Do a Science Investigatory Project
Usually, a Science Investigatory Project (SIP) uses the scientific method to study and test an idea about how something works. Knowing how to do an SIP is useful for anyone interested in the sciences.
Ask a question and form a hypothesis (假设).
Often, the most challenging part of an SIP is figuring out what you want to investigate. Take your time in choosing, because all of the subsequent (随后的) steps will be based on the idea you select. Think about something that interests, surprises or confuses you.
Design and conduct your experiment
After you have formed your hypothesis, it is time to test whether it is valid or not. Once your preparation and planning is complete, it’ s time to begin.
Record and analyze your results
Keep accurate records of all your results, even if they don’t turn out the way you hoped or planned. Your data may be best recorded as a graph, chart or just a journal entry.
It is time to clearly and accurately conclude your findings. In essence, you are now answering the question you originally asked. Remember, concluding that your hypothesis was completely wrong does not make your SIP a failure. If you make clear, scientifically-grounded findings, and present them well, it can and will be a success.
A.Make your conclusion |
B.However you record the data, make sure it is easy to review and analyze |
C.Here are the steps to do an SIP |
D.Discuss the issue with your instructor |
E.Then form a hypothesis based on the question you’ ve asked and your subsequent research |
F.Knowing your topic in more depth will help you construct your SIP |
G.Closely follow the steps that you have planned |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Have you ever heard of a Cucamelon? If not, you’re missing out on the cutest fruit on earth!
Cucamelons look like baby watermelons and taste like cucumbers mixed with lemon.
If you choose to plant them directly into your garden, you can plant them as soon as the chance of frost is gone.
A.This means you can eat fruit all the year round. |
B.However, you won’t find these seeds in a store. |
C.They’ll need a lot of water and a little support with growing. |
D.They’re from Mexico and are known as “Sandíitas de Raton”. |
E.That’s because the young plants can’t stand the cold weather. |
F.If you’re looking for a new, exciting fruit to try out, try Cucamelons! |
G.This will give you ten times as many Cucamelons the next time around! |
【推荐2】“Come on! All of us are cutting (逃课) maths. Who wants to go to take that quiz? We’re going to take a walk and get lunch instead. Let’s go!” says the coolest kid in your class. Do you do what you know is right and go to maths class, take the quiz and all? Or do you give in and go with him?
People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how you act and get you to do something, it’s called peer pressure. It’s something everyone has to deal with — even adults.
Peers influence your life, even if you don’t realize it, just by spending time with you. You learn from them, and they learn from you. It’s only human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.
Peers can have a positive influence on each other. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in the solar system, or you got others excited about your new favorite book, and now everyone is reading it. Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, a few kids in school might try to get you to cut class with them.
It’s difficult to say “no” to peer pressure, but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and what is wrong can help you know what is the right thing you should do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who is willing to say “no” too. If you continue to face peer pressure and you’re finding it difficult to handle it, talk to someone you trust — a parent, or a teacher. They can help you feel much better and prepare you for the next time you face peer pressure.
1. According to the first paragraph, what is the kid doing?A.Encouraging other kids to cut class. |
B.Making an announcement about a dinner party. |
C.Planning some interesting activities after school. |
D.Persuading kids to take a quiz with him. |
A.For kids, peer pressure may do more harm than good. |
B.Kids today are under greater pressure than before. |
C.Peer pressure exists among people of all age groups. |
D.Maths is the most difficult subject for most kids. |
A.Learning to refuse their friends in a polite way. |
B.Getting support from someone else if necessary. |
C.Making more close friends while at school. |
D.Building closer relations with their parents and teachers. |
A.The parents. | B.The teachers. |
C.The friends. | D.The students. |
【推荐3】Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations.
Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers.
Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.
A.Taking some photos during the process is also necessary. |
B.You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities. |
C.Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise. |
D.You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in. |
E.Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit. |
F.If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place. |
G.With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people. |
【推荐1】For thousands of years, people have trained and studied homing pigeons. These birds adopt a homing spot by the time they are six weeks old. When released from unfamiliar places, they have the unbelievable ability to return to their home.
On its journey home: a pigeon can fly over 500 miles in a single day. In one study, some homing pigeons were released from Africa and flew over 7,000 miles to arrive safely at their home in England. Throughout their journey which took 55 days, they flew a surprisingly straight path home.
Homing pigeons have served people in many ways throughout the years. Hospitals used pigeons to deliver medicine. In World War I, pilots brought the pigeons along as they flew missions. If their plane was disabled, the pilot would release the pigeon with a message stating his location and calling for help. Today, there are over 4 million trained homing pigeons around the world.
We recognize the homing pigeons’ amazing ability to navigate, but scientists are still puzzled as to how these birds can return home accurately. Many scientists discovered that the bumps on a homing pigeon’s beak contain iron particles which are pointing to the North Pole much like a man-made compass.
Scientists arranged an experiment to test the theory that birds use these iron particles to navigate. They placed magnets, which would influence the magnetic field, on the back of pigeons. They found that this prevented some pigeons’ ability from flying home. However, many of these birds still navigated effectively. This indicated that the magnetic field is not the only factor involved in the homing pigeon’s ability to navigate.
Since then, scientists have found that pigeons can sense sounds that humans cannot hear, and that “sound fields” may also help them navigate. A theory that birds have a highly developed sense of smell that they use to navigate is also being tested. At this time, scientists believe that homing pigeons most likely use a mixture of systems to find their way home.
1. When are homing pigeons able to navigate to a homing spot?A.After a long-distance flight. | B.Since their birth. |
C.When they’re six weeks old. | D.When they’re well-trained. |
A.By misleading the enemy. | B.By sending messages. |
C.By delivering medicine. | D.By acting as a GPS. |
A.Finding the way. | B.Keeping balance. | C.Noticing smells. | D.Sensing sounds. |
A.Practical uses of the homing pigeon. | B.Training techniques for the homing pigeon. |
C.The physical structure of the homing pigeon. | D.The navigation systems of the homing pigeon. |
【推荐2】At times we can all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or caught behind a very slow driver. It might also be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something that happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it: 'road rage'.
Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this'illness' of road rage?
There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms:
*Driving much faster than the speed limit.
*Increasing your speed very quickly.
*Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn(喇叭) or flashing the headlights.
*Changing lanes(车道)very abruptly and blocking another car.
*Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.
There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:
*Making rude signs at people.
*Shouting at people and threatening them.
* Deliberately driving into another person's car.
*Hitting somebody.
*Using a weapon such as baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.
Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even attempted murders. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive. Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough.
Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.
1. Which of the following statements does NOT describe aggressive driving?A.Driving much faster than the speed limit. |
B.Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car. |
C.Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park. |
D.Drinking and driving. |
A.Making rude signs at pedestrians. |
B.Shouting at people and threatening them. |
C.Hitting somebody. |
D.Shooting at somebody. |
A.the drivers are drunk |
B.the punishments are not serious enough |
C.We're in a fast-changing society |
D.it won't cause serious injuries or death |
A.Sad. |
B.Optimistic. |
C.Cold. |
D.Exciting. |
【推荐3】We often wake up in the middle of the night with our mouths feeling dry even if we have drunk some water before going to bed. Feeling thirsty in the middle of the night has something to do with a lack of water.
First of all, take a good look at how many glasses of water you’ve really drunk during the day.
It’s not just what you drink during the day that influences your thirst at night.
A good solution for nightly thirst is to drink enough water during the day and to avoid salty foods as much as you can. Also, prepare yourself by placing a big glass of water by your side before going to bed.
A.That results in your losing more water |
B.The smartest way is to go to see a doctor |
C.Food you eat can also be very influential |
D.You don’t take a lot of coffee in the daytime |
E.You’ve really drunk eight glasses during the day |
F.This will help you fall asleep again more quickly after drinking |
G.Yet there are many different reasons why you’re feeling so thirsty |