When Jean-Philippe Michel, a career coach, works with secondary school students, he doesn’t use the word “profession”. Rather than encouraging his young clients to choose a profession, say, architect or engineer, he works backwards from the skills that each student wants to acquire.
Deciding the skills you want to use leads to a career that’s more targeted — and thus more likely to bring you satisfaction. “They need to shift from thinking about jobs and careers to thinking about challenges and problems,” Michel says.
“The purpose is to help teenagers plan for a “portfolio career”, which is made up of numerous micro-jobs and will be better received in the next decade, ”says Michel. “Instead of identifying your job role or description, you will be constantly adding skills based on what is going to make you more employable,” says Jeanne Meister.co-author of The Future Workplace Experience.
More traditional companies are offering various project opportunities to their own employees. Workers are encouraged to choose their next projects based on their skills, or skills they want to develop, which can mean working in different parts of the company. For companies, the payoff for experimenting with internal project-based opportunities means workers are less likely to jump from one company to the next. Micro-jobs can inspire a sense of belonging and autonomy within a company, which in turn might keep staff from job-hopping (跳槽) to the competition
“But when it comes to building a long-term career, there are disadvantages to creating a portfolio of work,” say experts. If you constantly hop from one project to the next, the change can be jarring and leave you without a clear path to success. “With fewer promotions and changes to job titles, it can be more difficult to feel like you’re succeeding even if you’re regularly completing projects,” says career coach Michel.
Of course, it can take companies years to change from traditional mentality to what boosts professional growth.
1. Why does Michel avoid using the word “profession” with his students?| A．To help them realize what they want to be. |
| B．To encourage them to choose a dream job. |
| C．To enable them to master survival skills. |
| D．To guide them to focus more on challenges |
| A．It will make them more popular with colleagues. |
| B．It will equip them with more competitive skills. |
| C．It will discourage them from switching jobs. |
D, It will help them enjoy a stable working state.
3. What does the underlined word “‘jarring” in paragraph 6 mean?| A．Unpleasant. | B．Significant. | C．Permanent. | D．Unavoidable. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Objective. | C．Doubtful. | D．Intolerant. |
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【推荐1】On a sunny, spring day, a group of children, four to seven years old, sit on their bicycles. They wear helmets to protect their heads and gloves to protect their hands. Their mothers, standing nearby, watch them closely. The children are ready to learn how to ride. Rachel Varn still remembers how she felt riding a bicycle for the first time. She says, “It is probably the biggest confidence booster (提升). It gives kids such a sense of independence and self-guidance.” Now, her job is helping children experience that moment.
Rachel Varn left her job of selling bicycles to become a trainer for bicycle riding last year. She founded Pedal Power Kids to teach bicycle education. Before starting a ride, she teaches the children how to make sure the bicycles are in good condition for safe use. She calls it “ the ABC quick check.” “A” is for air. she explains, “We have to check out tires before we ride. “B” is for brakes. We want to make sure our brakes work before we find ourselves at the top of a hill about to go down. And “ C ” is for chain.” She says the chain must be clean.
The rest of the training is more fun. The children learn riding skills, from balance and pedaling to turning, starting and stopping. And they learn to keep their eyes up and look ahead while riding. Varn says many children struggle to do this. They look down at the pedals insteađ. She adds, “ Obviously that doesn’t allow them to see what’s going on around them, and it doesn ’t allow them to turn properly either.” Varn says watching where you are going helps you turn easier.
Learning to ride a bicycle can open a whole new world to children. It gives them a sense of accomplishment and freedom. They become more sensitive to their surroundings and better able to make safe, smart decisions going from one place to another. Varn’s goal is to get more children on two wheels. She says, “ That’s really a great way for kids to be active and develop healthy habits. It helps reduce pollution and just keep families and communities connected. ”
1. Racher Varn’s Current job is ______.| A．Looking after preschool children | B．selling bicycles on the Internet |
| C．teaching children how to ride bicycles | D．providing consulting service of riding bicycles |
| A．Basic skills of driving a vehicle. | B．Exams to take after the bicycle course. |
| C．Some useful tips before riding a bicycle. | D．Things to check before buying a bicycle. |
| A．makes the rider forget to brake | B．makes turning more challenging |
| C．helps increase the speed of riding | D．helps the rider be aware of the ground condition |
| A．what Varn ’s goal is |
| B．what being a trainer means to Varn |
| C．what the benefits of learning at an early stage are |
| D．what learning to ride a bicycle means to children |
| A．She is very strict about teaching. |
| B．She is enthusiastic about what she is doing. |
| C．She doesn’t care about her income. |
| D．She wants to become a successful business woman. |
【推荐2】Linda Abraham, co-founder of Scores, a leading digital analytic company, established her organization on a simple premise(前提): hire people you respect, not necessary people you like. Since starting the business in 1999, she has intentionally brought in people she didn’t like but thought they would be good for the team. ＂They’re almost like allergy shots for your organization,＂ she says.
A few years back, she hired Dan against the wishes of other people on her team. Even during the interview process, he rubbed people the wrong way. But Linda thought he had the right skills and experience. He came from a large tech company and tended to talk a lot about scale, which many people regarded as advocating bureaucracy(官僚主义) — a no-no (不可接受的事) in the start-up culture.
For the first six months, he made regular observations about one of the company’s products and how it could work better. ＂When I really dug into what he was trying to say, I was impressed,＂ Linda says. While he wasn’t very experienced in his comments (he often described things as ＂dumb＂), he was insightful. ＂We ended up scrapping(废弃) the job we hired him for and had him take on the improvements he suggested,＂ she says.
Even in the new role, he wasn’t likable. But Linda tried to focus on the content of what he was saying rather than the way he was saying it, and she coached others to do the same. She also invested time in helping Dan understand how he was coming across and what he could do to change his style. Eventually her attitude toward him changed. ＂I’ve come to like him quite a bit,＂ she says. ＂He’s ruffled more than a few feathers along the way, but he’s been promoted and has really crushed it.＂
1. Linda probably hires people who .| A．are very popular with others |
| B．can benefit her company |
| C．respect others very much |
| D．have different personalities |
| A．he misunderstood what people said |
| B．he blamed others for their mistakes |
| C．he got lost on the way to the interview |
| D．he didn’t get on well with people present |
| A．Linda accepted Dan’s style |
| B．Dan changed his style completely |
| C．Linda fell in love with Dan deeply |
| D．Dan had to practice speaking a lot |
| A．How to run a big company |
| B．How to live with other people |
| C．How to change a person quickly |
| D．How to manage someone you don’t like |
【推荐3】Dossantos grew up among the banana trees of East Timor, a state in Maritime Southeast Asia, and never imagined he would work on Australian farms.
Last week he was picking pumpkins (南瓜) out of the rich red Ord valley soils of Ivanhoe Farms in Western Australia’s far north, working with five other East Timorese employees in Kununurra’s 381℃heat.
Dossantos is part of a group of 30 East Timorese in the area for six months as seasonal workers, laboring (劳动) on smaller fruit and vegetable farms that were part of Ord stage one, developed in the 1970s. The men are employed by happy farmers across the Ord valley, many of whom have struggled, in the past with their dependence on not always reliable backpackers to plant their crops on time and pick full-grown I fruit and vegetables.
Dossantos is typical of the group; he speaks little English, has worked on farms in East Timor and wants to earn an Australian salary (工资) for four to six months before returning home late this month as the wet season arrives, to build a better life.
“It’s a good job; hard work and hot but with good money,” Dossantos says. “I work for four months, send my money back to Mom and Dad and then go home; it’s enough to last me for the next six months and then I hope to come back here again to work next year.”
Itis music to the ears of Matt and Melanie Gray, who have had up to 12 East Timorese workers picking pumpkins on their Ceres Farm for the past few months.
Like many growers in the Ord, the Grays welcomed the opportunity this year to employ full-time visiing East
Timorese employees to do most of their continuous crop picking. “It has been a win-win situation; they seem really happy with the work, the money and opportunities it provides them with back home, while for us they provide us with reliability through the season and the likelihood (可能性) that 80 percent will want to come back again next year,” Melanie Gray says.
1. What are farmers in the Ord valley happy with?
| A．The good weather. | B．The dependable pickers. |
| C．The sale of their products. | D．The backpackers’ hard work. |
| A．It should pay more. | B．It is progressing slowly. |
| C．It is not easy but worthwhile. | D．It lasts too long in the wet season. |
| A．The big harvest. | B．The good money. |
| C．The laborer’s positive opinion. | D．The laborer’s returning to East Timor- |
| A．The farmers can offer full-time jobs. |
| B．The laborers can stay in Australia all year long. |
| C．The farmers can grow high-quality fruit and vegetables. |
| D．The laborers can find satisfaction in working in Australia. |
【推荐1】In many countries, it is important to have many children. In the US, a few religious groups emphasize（强调） the importance of large families, but most people think one or two children are enough, and many couples have no children.
Parents teach individualism by the way they raise their children.
Children, especially boys are expected to be energetic and assertive(果敢的).
| A．The relationship between American parents and their children is harmony. |
| B．That doesn't mean, though, that they are allowed to "run wild" in public. |
| C．Because taking care of a child is very costly, financially, emotionally, and socially, many couples view large families as a disadvantage. |
| D．Other adults should not interfere （干涉）unless the child is doing something which may be harmful to himself. |
| E．American children are expected to accept invitations to a formal party. |
| F．Many parents want to expose（使暴露） their children to a variety of situations. |
| G．They want to create a self-reliant, independent child, who can make it on her own by age eighteen. |
【推荐2】The electronic cigarette（e-cigarette）industry is rapidly growing in the United States and the use of e-cigarettes is a public argument which continues because researchers do not yet know if e-cigarette use results in more benefit than harm. Now new research quantifies the balance of harm and benefit using the most current scientific evidence.
“Although the tobacco industry markets e-cigarettes as a tool to help adult smokers quit smoking, e-cigarette use actually only slightly boosts the adult smokers who are able to successfully quit,” says Samir Soneji, PhD, an associate professor at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. “On the other hand, e-cigarettes may promote cigarette smoking starting and afford much harm to adolescents and young adults once they are introduced to nicotine.”
Soneji's team calculated the expected years of life gained or lost from the impact of e-cigarette use on smoking pause among current smokers, and transition to long-term cigarette smoking among never-smokers. “E-cigarettes could lead to more than 1.5 million years of life lost because their use could largely make more and more adolescents and young adults eventually become cigarette smokers,” says Soneji.
Effective national, state, and local efforts are needed to reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults unless e-cigarettes are to afford a net population-level benefit in the future. “E-cigarettes will likely cause more public health harm than public health benefit unless ways can be found to largely decrease the number of adolescents and young adults who smoke and increase the number of smokers who use e-cigarettes to successfully quit smoking,” says Soneji. “We also need to close the regulatory（监管的）gaps that make e-cigarettes appealing to adolescents and young adults by reducing the availability of kid-friendly flavors and issuing product standards that reduce the level of some harmful and unhealthy materials in e-juice.”
1. What does the underlined word “boosts” in the second paragraph mean？| A．Affects. |
| B．Slows. |
| C．Increases. |
| D．Guides. |
| A．By causing them to ignore the meaning of life. |
| B．By causing them to lose interest in study. |
| C．By causing them to get involved in smoking. |
| D．By causing them to live an unhealthy lifestyle. |
| A．The data of e-cigarettes on the Internet. |
| B．The amount of nicotine in e-cigarettes. |
| C．The time of smokers’ using e-cigarettes. |
| D．The effect of e-cigarettes on smokers’ life. |
| A．Making e-cigarettes less accessible. |
| B．Making e-cigarettes taste worse. |
| C．Getting support from the government. |
| D．Changing the materials of making e-cigarettes. |
【推荐3】Laurie Penny, a television writer and journalist from England, shares her house in the Silver Lake community of Los Angeles, California, US, with a songwriter named Natti Vogel. Along with a freelance journalist named Sam Braslow and a therapist named Pam Shaffer, who both live nearby, the four have formed a group to support each other during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quarantine buddy arrangements are sometimes met with firm disapproval from those who hold traditional definition of family. As under stay-at-home orders from Los Angeles city, people should go out as little as possible, and big events are forbidden.
Nevertheless, the four have decided to be a family of sorts in a situation no one could have imagined a few months ago. They share meals, gather together on the couch playing guitars, exercise together and even hug.
They are not blood-related or romantic partners, but friends brought together by the restrictions on face-to-face contact that have changed life across the US to slow the spread of the COVID-19.
“If I were by myself out here in Los Angeles, so far from my family, I think I would have gone a bit crazy,” said Penny. As the crisis wears on, if people are completely isolated, they could act out in ways more damaging than associating with the same few individuals, said Jeffrey Martin, a professor of epidemiology at the University of California, San Francisco, US.
There is plenty of pleasure in the apartment for the quarantine foursome, which can take on the air of a “young strangers thrown together” reality show. They have read through plays, recorded songs together and performed for one another. They are working round the clock to keep one another entertained, inspired, fed and virus-free.
While they may miss parts of their old routines, the group’s priority remains the same. “We need to care for each other. That’s why we feel freak out as a group when someone talks about breaking quarantine,” Vogel said.
1. What is the relationship of the four people?| A．They are family members. | B．They are roommates. |
| C．They are former colleagues. | D．They are two couples. |
| A．They reach out to help those in need. | B．They follow a traditional family lifestyle. |
| C．They break the official quarantine orders. | D．They live together and care for each other. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Surprised. | C．Worried. | D．Confused. |
| A．Their old routines. | B．Efforts to stop COVID-19. |
| C．Their mutual support. | D．Hope for breaking quarantine. |
【推荐1】History never stops moving. It develops and it is fluid (易变的). What history looks like today is different from what it looked like a hundred years ago; and what today's history-in-the-making looks like now may be seen differently just 20 years from now.
When combing the past and the present for a list such as the 100 People Who Changed the World, there are criteria to consider, to be sure, but there are no hard-and-fast rules. There are judgments to be made, but there are no certain truths. Our list was less a hardened document than a current collection — a collection of men and women who, for better and sometimes for worse, have made a clear mark on our civilization. Such a list is by necessity subjective and open to delicious debate.
But while history may be fluid, it does tend to be clarified over time; The significance of Aristotle or Catherine the Great is cask to see from here. And certainly, the importance of some of history's great characters was apparent to their contemporaries; Mother Teresa or Pablo Picasso. Others were largely invisible in their own time, their contributions realized only long after they were gone: Karl marks died in 1883, many years before his writings would inspire powerful communist societies; Alan tubing, who died lonely and painfully, is now regarded as the brilliant father of the computer.
Perhaps the most inter c sting part of this exercise is thinking about the final impact of present-day figures. Steve Jobs makes the list by virtue of his influence on high teach and our daily lives. But what of Mark Zuckerberg. Perhaps the founding figure of social me din who lunched Facebook in 2004? His impact is huge. And he has made it possible for billions of people to come together. But the social med is site has also made it easier to drive society apart, upsetting the news business.
Will the moment last? Only time will tell. History will move unavoidably forward, our questions today will have answers tomorrow. And lists like these will change—again and again and again.
1. What do we know about the list of “the 100 People Who Changed the World”?| A．It needs to be objective. | B．It is based on strict criteria. |
| C．It should be accepted by all | D．It keeps changing with history. |
| A．Some people's contributions may be recognized much later. |
| B．Most people couldn't be acknowledged at their own time. |
| C．History will change and giants' deeds will fade away. |
| D．The important figures always stand out easily. |
| A．Positive. | B．Mixed. | C．Negative. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．To educate. | B．To persuade. | C．To inform. | D．To describe. |
【推荐2】Plastics remain one of the most-used materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. And very few kinds are highly recyclable.
A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.
The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合物) called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的) level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors.
The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again-without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.
“Most plastics were never made to be recycled,” lead researcher Peter Christensen said in a statement. “But we have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective.”
Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体), which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.
Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics with a wide range of thermal and mechanical properties. These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plant-based matcrials in the process.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?| A．Plastics are never highly recyclable. |
| B．Plastics have both good sides and bad sides. |
| C．Plastics are widely used in our lives. |
| D．Plastics take hundreds of years to be broken down. |
| A．The research team. | B．The molecular level. |
| C．The new material. | D．The producing process. |
| A．To make them stronger and more widely used. | B．To make them easy to break down. |
| C．To make them easy to get processed. | D．To make it possible for them to be recycled. |
| A．PDK plastics will be soon put to good use. |
| B．The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics. |
| C．PDK plastics may have a bright future. |
| D．Plant-based materials have been used in the new plastics. |
【推荐3】Running may feel like a big task for most of us. But do you know our species has evolved to run better than any other animals on this planet? Cheetahs are the fastest land animals in the world. But do you know that humans can leave them in the dust? At least, in the long run, that’s right. When it comes to endurance, we can outrun cheetahs, wolves and even horses. So what makes humans such endurance running superstars? The secret weapon is our sweat. We have 2－4 million sweat glands(腺) all over our body, which means we can run and cool ourselves at the same time. Having no fur is also a huge plus. In contrast, dogs rely on panting(喘息) to cool down, and other animals, like horses and camels, also sweat, but less effectively. As a result, they overheat faster and must slow down sooner.
So, why did humans get to be such great endurance runners, anyway? Some experts believe this became important around 2－3 million years ago, when we started hunting. Because we couldn’t chase down a gazelle(瞪羚) like a cheetah, early humans learned hunting.
Studies show running can lower body weight and body fat. And the longer you train, the greater the benefits are. Just one year of training has been shown to reduce body weight by about 7 lbs, lower body fat by 2.7% and decrease resting heart rate by 2.7%.
It may seem really hard, or even impossible to run a mile or a marathon. But in fact, you were born to go on that run. We all were.
1. In the first paragraph, cheetahs are mentioned to ________.| A．show cheetahs are the fastest land animals in the world |
| B．introduce humans can run fastest on the planet in the long run |
| C．contrast with wolves and even horses in one aspect of endurance |
| D．inform running may be a big challenge for most of us humans |
| A．We can pant to cool down our heat like dogs. |
| B．We can sweat effectively like horses and camels. |
| C．We have massive sweat glands and meanwhile no fur. |
| D．We can run and overheat fastest to cool down ourselves. |
| A．Eat a variety of vegetables and less fat. | B．Work out at the gym every day. |
| C．Exercise outside as much as you like. | D．Conduct systematic training in running. |
| A．Humans have great running ability by birth. |
| B．Humans can chase down animals like cheetahs. |
| C．Marathoners don’t need hard training. |
| D．Running can lower body weight and fat. |
