The History of Snacks

Hamburgers, sandwiches and pizza are some of the worlds’ favourite snacks, but have you ever wondered     1     first ate them? Read on to find out more.

The hamburger started life as small pieces of raw beef     2    (eat) by the Tartars, a tribe who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages.     3     they ate it, they used to put the meat on their horse under the saddle (马鞍) they were sitting on in order to make it soft. When the Tartar s arrived in Hamburg, the people mixed the beef with local spices, fried it and called it the Hamburg Steak. Germans who came to the USA took this recipe with them and it became known     4     a hamburger there.

People say that it was John Montague, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich,     5    invented the sandwich. Montague enjoyed playing cards in his favourite restaurant, the Beef Steak Club in London. He could     6    (find) there most days and some of his games lasted for hours. One day, instead of stopping     7    (eat) lunch, Montague asked a servant to bring him some meat between two slices of bread to prevent the cards from getting dirty. When the other players saw this, they began to order’ the same as Sandwich’, and so the sandwich got its name.

In 1889, Queen Margherita of Italy invited chef Rafaelle Esposito from his pizzaria to visit the royal palace and     8    (bake) a selection of pizzas for her.     9    (want) to impress the queen, Rafaelle made a very special pizza. It was large and topped with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese and fresh herbs to represent the Italian flag,       10     is red, white and green. The Queen was delighted with this design and the pizza became one of her favourite foods. When people heard about this, they all wanted to try it and so the pizza Margherita was born.

Chinese hospitality (好客) will be fully enjoyed by global athletes at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as     1     Games are providing 678 dishes to athletes from various cultural     2     (background) with elements of the Chinese Lunar New Year and environmental protection highlighted to maximize the dietary experience of athletes.

The menu,     3     (approve) by the International Olympic Committee, was released on Saturday in a CCTV program. The menu was designed     4     (meet) the different dietary needs of athletes. The 678 dishes,     5     are from 12 global regions, will be offered in a regular order, with around 200 choices made available daily. A total of 48     6     (common) used spices (调味品) such as pepper will be left out of the meals to avoid false positives on doping tests (兴奋剂检测). By integrating cuisines from all over China, the menu will include famous local dishes varying from Sichuan and Hunan cuisines for their hot flavor     7     rather light Cantonese food,    8     (allow) athletes to fully experience the Chinese cuisine.

As for environmental concerns, the restaurants will use biodegradable tableware to create a green and environmentally     9     (friend) Winter Games.

In response to the need for the     10     (prevent) of COVID-19, face masks, gloves and hand washes will be placed at the entrance and exit of every restaurant and in all food distribution areas.

Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo discovered that because of the far location of most paper workshops and lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen, their products are unable to reach the market     1     (easy). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up     2     the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect far workshops with buyers to advance     3     (tradition) Chinese handmade paper.

Chu is a kind of tree.     4     (it) bark (树皮) is a common material that was used in papermaking in ancient times. Han Yu, a famous     5     (write) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) called paper Mr. Chu in his work Biography of Mao Ying. Since then, it     6     (use) as a nickname (昵称) for paper by Chinese scholars. In 2019, Cui and Yang named their own studio “I am Mr. Chu.”, and they focused on     7     (run) it.

Du Weisheng, an expert in the restoration (修复) of ancient books at the National Library of China, told them that, in     8     1990s, many Chinese paper relics needed to be repaired with handmade paper that allowed people to find information on various paper styles.

The two began to create the series of handmade paper products from 2021. Each volume is made up of thirty types of handmade paper, each of     9     is sourced from its place of origin. At present, two volumes of the series have been produced, and they plan     10     (make) ten volumes.