Cyberbullying (网络欺凌) is the use of electronic communication to threaten or insult someone. A child can be involved in cyberbullying in different ways. They can bully, be bullied, or witness the bullying of others. The more digital forms of communication a child uses, the more exposure he or she may get to cyberbullying. Parents, teachers and other adults need to be aware of children’s online usage. Some warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying are:
●Spending much more or less time on electronic devices, including texting
●Hiding their screen when others are near, and avoiding discussion about what they are doing on their device
●Closing social media accounts and opening new ones
●Avoiding social situations, even ones that were enjoyed in the past
●Becoming depressed, or losing interest in people and activities
Cyberbullying is like other forms of bullying and should be handled in a similar way. If a child is being cyberbullied, adults should support the child being bullied and tell the child doing the bullying that cyberbullying is something serious that should be stopped.
If a child sees hateful content online, there are a few easy ways they can deal with it. The child could report the content anonymously (化名地), as hateful speech goes against most websites’ principles of service. They can also block the person from posting abusive content. While ignoring posts might seem easier than blocking someone, it will not make the problem go away.
Adults can try to make their kids put themselves in the others’ shoes and consider how other people feel. They should see whether more help is needed for those involved, like speaking to a guidance counselor or mental health professional.
Cyberbullying may be impossible to stop completely, but parents could watch their child’s behavior and Internet time.
1. In which situation is cyberbullying most likely to happen?| A．A lady is doing online shopping. |
| B．A child is chatting on the Internet. |
| C．A student is attending a lesson online. |
| D．A teenager is watching a film on the Internet. |
| A．Get away from his or her cellphone. |
| B．Share his or her social media accounts online. |
| C．Start bullying other kids on the Internet. |
| D．Avoid taking part in activities and meeting people. |
| A．Post the content of cyberbullying online. |
| B．Ignore the person doing the cyberbullying. |
| C．Show mercy and close their social media accounts. |
| D．Pay attention to their behavior and online time. |
| A．To explain what cyberbullying actually is. |
| B．To warn some children to stop cyberbullying. |
| C．To give some advice on how to handle cyberbullying. |
| D．To persuade parents to care more for their children. |
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【推荐1】It’s normal to long for the taste of potato chips or a cheese-covered pizza. Even though they’re full of calories, eating them occasionally won’t do much harm. However, according to the new numbers, young people are becoming more gluttonous. The BBC’s Good Food Nation Survey showed that on average, 16 to 20-year-olds ate fast food at least twice a day in the UK. So what’s behind this fast food binge (狂热)?
WebMD, an online publisher of news and information of human health and well-being, surveyed nearly 600 teenagers and adults in the United States. They found that the most common reason was our busy lifestyle. More than 92.3 percent of respondents said they were too busy to cook. Many find it challenging to balance work and life, and the convenience of fast food meets their needs. Fast food is readily available in corner stores and vending machines (自动售货机). Remember those instant noodle cups from the supermarket? They’re ready in minutes, and you can store them at home for a long time.
But many people think this trend does no good. Sarah Toule, head of health information at World Cancer Research Fund, told the BBC: “It’s frightening that people, especially younger generations, are eating so much fast food loaded with fat, sugar and salt, but offers little nutritional value.”
She added, “Especially high in calories, fast food leads to unhealthy weight gain-which in turn increases the risk of 11 cancers later in life.”
So what is the right thing to do? Toule suggested that young people should prepare meals in advance and learn to include the different food groups in their diets.
1. What does the underlined phrase “more gluttonous” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Smarter. | B．Healthier. | C．Greedier. | D．Lazier. |
| A．People should make a change to their busy lifestyle. |
| B．Fast food helps people balance their work and life. |
| C．Fast food is becoming popular with teenagers and adults. |
| D．Nowadays people have more challenges both in work and life. |
| A．can’t provide enough nutrition for eaters | B．will lead to 11 cancers |
| C．can help lose weight | D．is easy to prepare ahead of time |
| A．Culture. | B．Education. | C．History. | D．Health. |
【推荐2】In today’s world of fast-paced games and short videos, people are spending less and less time on things. For example, research has shown that the average visitor spends just 15 seconds on a website before moving on to other things. But the Internet is a huge and busy place, with millions of sites to choose from. You might expect people to slow down a bit more when they’re in museums full of great works of art. But you’d be wrong.
Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. At the Tate Modern Museum in London, it’s even worse. People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork. And in that short period of time, the visitors are also managing to do another important thing — take selfies !
In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior. Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art. Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist’s ideas and what the artist went through to create the work.
Most of the museums taking part in Slow Art Day are choosing just a few works for their visitors to see. Some of the museums are offering chances for visitors to talk about the artworks and share their ideas.
1. Generally speaking, people spend ______ on each piece of art in a museum.| A．8 seconds | B．10 seconds | C．15 seconds | D．28 seconds |
| A．Admiring each artwork thoroughly. | B．Taking selfies in museums busily. |
| C．Celebrating “Slow Art Day” widely. | D．Looking at each artwork hurriedly. |
| A．To attract more people to visit the museums |
| B．To stop visitors from taking selfies inside |
| C．To make people spend more time on each artwork |
| D．To give visitors an opportunity to relax themselves |
| A．Museums on the Rocks: Please Advise! |
| B．Museums: Slow down to Admire more! |
| C．Slow Art Day: a Fruit of Museums! |
| D．Museums: an Escape from the Fast-paced Life! |
【推荐3】Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances (相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than small-town residents to have a cosmopolitan (见识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups and unpopular political groups. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behaviour seem to be outcomes of large population size.
1. According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society ________.| A．tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by |
| B．couldn’t develop very close relationships with others |
| C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives |
| D．usually had more friends than small-town residents |
| A．suffer from the lack of friendship |
| B．lower the quality of relationships |
| C．show little concern for other people |
| D．become suspicious of each other |
| A．the more tolerant and open-minded it is | B．the more similar its interests is |
| C．the more likely it is to display stress | D．the better the quality of life is |
| A．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. |
| B．Minor differences in interpersonal rela-tionships between cities and towns. |
| C．The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. |
| D．The strong feeling of alienation that city residents are suffering. |
【推荐1】Having a microchip implanted in a man’s brain may be common in sci-fi movie plots, but it may soon become an actual possibility.
Elon Musk -- a US tech tycoon, founder of Space X -- has been working on this technology. On Aug 28, Musk gave a display of the chip, which was implanted into the head of a pig named Gertrude. The chip, developed by Musk’s company Neuralink, is just as small as the size of a coin. But don’t let its size fool you. The tiny chip has over 3,000 electrodes(电极) attached to flexible threads(线), which can monitor about 1,000 neurons(神经元). It collects neural signals from an area of the brain, and then wirelessly transmits those signals to nearby computers, according to MSN. That enabled researchers to monitor Gertrude’s brain activity while she was walking around in the display.
Though the technology is still in its early stage, it is encouraging for humans. This technology would solve a lot of brain injuries and is essential for AI symbiosis(共存关系), which will allow the human brain to combine with an artificial intelligence. When the device can be applied to humans, its main goal will be to help those who have mobility difficulties. Musk hopes this technology can also be used to help those with hearing and eyesight issues.
Although such a device could repair those problems, putting it into practice is by no means a piece of cake. Currently, the device can transmit signals from about 500 neurons in the pig’s brain. Compared to 80 billion neurons in a human brain, this number is extremely tiny. And to cover the whole human brain also means the electrodes have to be much smaller.
Also, implanting the chip into the brain poses a potential danger. There is a risk of the immune system attacking this foreign body. Right now, the hope of controlling the brain by controlling just a few neurons seems overly optimistic. “There are still so many technological challenges, especially the possible risks it may cause, to overcome before Neuralink can put its devices to the purposes,” Yuan Lanfeng, an associate professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, told China Daily.
1. What do we know about Elon Musk’s microchip？| A．It was inspired by sci-fi movie plots. | B．It is able to collect wireless signals. |
| C．It is tiny in size but powerful in function. | D．It has been implanted into a human’s brain, |
| A．The operation of the chip in Gertrude’s brain. |
| B．The attachment of electrodes to flexible threads. |
| C．The development of neurons inside Gertrude’s brain. |
| D．The transmission of signals from a nearby computer |
| A．To monitor animals’ brain activity. |
| B．To help people with mobility problems. |
| C．To develop a cure for immune system problems. |
| D．To contribute to the research on AI technologies. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Indifferent. | C．Optimistic. | D．Concerned. |
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st. People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes -- like tuxedos (小礼服) and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise.
It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year’s promise, called a resolution. New Year’s resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh (again). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats , the more good luck the person will have in the year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas (豇豆) for good luck -- but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
1. Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?
| A．The passage doesn’t say. | B．Spain. |
| C．France. | D．The United States. |
| A．Something you say. | B．Something you eat. |
| C．Something you burn. | D．Something you wear. |
| A．Bringing good luck. |
| B．Remembering the past. |
| C．Planning for the next year. |
| D．Keeping away from bad luck. |
| A．Black-eyed peas taste bad. |
| B．The peas are very difficult to cook. |
| C．One pea brings one day of luck. |
| D．It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas. |
【推荐3】Being a teenager is a difficult challenge. You frequently jump up and down between childhood and adulthood, testing parental(父母的) power and then depending on it. Parents often do not know what to expect. Many often find it difficult to understand your growing need for independence.
Some adults and parents view adolescence as a period of friction, change and problems. For you, it’s a time of concern about acne(粉刺), weight problems, late or early development, or school pressures and so on．
It’s easy to understand why many find this a difficult time．But once it’s over, you realize that most of your parents’ “irritating” behavior was caused by feelings of love and concern. Yes, adolescence can be a suffering time. But how to make this period will less suffering and find more fun．Here are a few tips:
◆Be honest with your feelings．Your parents are a great resource of support and knowledge, but they don’t know what’s going on in your life if you don’t tell them．
◆ If your parents upset you by setting a curfew(宵禁)or by grounding you, don’t immediately take the defensive side. If you start yelling or crying, you won’t be able to express your important feelings. Make sure you talk to your parents when you’re not emotionally upset.
◆Calmly tell your parents what’s on your mind. Try not to use “you” statements like, “You don’t give me enough freedom” or “You’re never happy with anything I do.” These types of criticizing statements will only cause more conflict(冲突)．Instead use “I” statements such as “When I go out with my friends, your early curfew makes me feel as if you don’t trust me,” or “Sometimes I feel hurt when you don’t give me credit for being responsible.”
◆Listen to what your parents have to say.If they say something you disagree with ,don’t immediately overreact(反应过度)．Give them a chance to express their feelings and then calmly explain why you may disagree with them．If you’re getting a chance to express yourself, it’s only fair to give the same opportunity to your parents．
1. From the passage, we can infer that as a teenager, he/she is likely to feel________．| A．confused | B．exhausted |
| C．frightened | D．wronged |
| A．unawareness | B．uncertainty |
| C．disagreement | D．discouragement |
| A．If possible．we should hide our feelings in order not to make our parents worry． |
| B．Our parents inspire us to get more life experience and learn more knowledge． |
| C．Whenever we have an argument with our parents,we should react actively． |
| D．We are likely to come to know why our parents treated us like that before． |
| A．ignore our parents’ demands |
| B．avoid blaming our parents |
| C．ask someone else to convey |
| D．choose proper place and time |
| A．list some difficulties in the growth process of the teenagers |
| B．make some suggestions on how to communicate with parents |
| C．show some methods to remove misunderstanding between children and their parents |
| D．give some explanation of balancing the relationship between children and their parents |
