“Some inconspicuous (不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit (祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang, Sichuan province, says of his view of his job.
Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing, Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
Speaking of the pit team, Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts: the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research, and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork, both of which require great meticulousness (谨小慎微). The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
1. What does the underlined words “excavation” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Discovery. | B.Dig. | C.Invention. | D.Breakthrough. |
A.Decreased interest in studying archaeology. |
B.No change in people’s view. |
C.Decreased attention on Sanxingdui. |
D.Increased interest in studying archaeology. |
A.Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations. |
B.Careful teamwork. |
C.Xu Danyang’s view of his job. |
D.The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization. |
A.Quick success and instant rewards. |
B.Careful teamwork and patience. |
C.Decreased attention. |
D.Reorganizing materials. |
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【推荐1】We can recognize our friends’ face. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial features. That’s important, because they need to be able to adjust their behavior depending on who they meet. And research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated(驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces by looking at photographs alone.
Scientists have also wondered whether domesticated animals that have coexisted with people for thousands of years can recognize different human faces. Léa Lansade of France’s National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment is one of them. Her experiment on horses provides insight into this.
She and her team first taught the horses how to “choose” between two side-by-side images by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside face of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their present keeper and ignored the stranger’s face about 75% of the time, significantly better than chance.
What’s more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper—a person they hadn’t seen in six months. In fact, even though the horses didn’t get it right every single time, they were at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper as they were in identifying their present one. The results suggest that not only can horses distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, but they know that photographs are two-dimensional representations of real life, without any other cues(提示) like sound. And they’re even better at this than our oldest animal companion, the domestic dog.
So maybe think twice before doing anything at a stable(马厩) that might give a horse a long face. After all, the horse could probably “remember” you.
1. What does the author say about man’s ability to recognize friends’ faces?A.It’s not unique to man. |
B.It’s an inborn ability. |
C.It’s man’s most vital ability. |
D.It’s superior to that of animals. |
A.To teach horses to recognize human faces. |
B.To study horses’ ability to identify human faces. |
C.To make horses distinguish between their keepers. |
D.To figure out similarities between man and horses. |
A.Academic. | B.Dramatic. | C.Cautious. | D.Humorous. |
A.Human Faces Are Familiar to Horses |
B.Horses Read Man’s Facial Expressions |
C.Horses Recognize Keepers’ Pictures |
D.Man’s Sound Helps Horses Select Photos |
【推荐2】Italy's fashion capital is gray — not only because of the blocks of stone buildings,but also due to its often-gray sky, which traps pollution. But Milan now wants to change it.
The city has an ambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 - a move that experts say could offer relief from the city's hot weather. Some projects have already contributed to environmental improvements. Architect Stefano Boeri’s Vertical Forest residential (居民的) tower, completed in 2014, aims to improve not only air quality but the quality of life for Milan residents. Boeri created a small island of greenery in the heart of Milan, filling every balcony with plants that absorb carbon dioxide.
“I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one of the most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can plant trees, Boeri said.
Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the green Milan project will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area. City show that Milan experiences 35 hot nights a year. Because the city lies close to the Alps, Milin gets very little wind to lower the city's temperatures. "Planting trees will help this," Di said.
The Vertical Forest has attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. The Vertical Forest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved.
1. What change does Milan plan to make?A.Planting more trees. |
B.Creating a new fashion style. |
C.Pulling down more gray stone buildings. |
D.Doing more surveys to study global wanning. |
A.It costs a lot. |
B.It is unpractical. |
C.It fails to attract people's attention. |
D.It is helpful to fight against climate change. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Supportive. |
C.Disappointed. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.Specifics of the city's plan. |
B.Challenges faced by the city. |
C.The aim of the Vertical Forest project. |
D.The positive effect of the Vertical Forest project. |
【推荐3】When people talk about American popular music, they don’t just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters.
Jazz dates from African religious and folk music. The themes and songs of jazz music have historical origins. They come from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music: bebop, ragtime, swing, boogie-woogie and others.
In playing jazz music, the performers combine rhythms and songs with their skills of improvisation (即兴创作). Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public.
American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City, Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. Oklahoma, Sound of Music, My Fair Lady and West Side Story are some good examples.
Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written.
1. What does jazz belong to?A.Rock music. | B.Country music. |
C.Traditional music. | D.American popular music. |
A.Its playing method. | B.Its popularity. |
C.Its origin. | D.Its historical position. |
A.It needs special skills to perform. | B.It is not well received by ordinary people. |
C.It is welcomed only among musicians. | D.It is popular with the general public. |
A.the songs | B.the translations | C.the musicals | D.the languages |
【推荐1】An individual from an unknown hominid (原始人类) species walked across a field of wet, volcanic ash in what is now East Africa around 3.66 million years ago, leaving behind a handful of footprints.
Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania’s Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds. Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify, possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing. But the latest analysis refutes that suggestion.
McNutt, DeSilva, who started the new investigation as a Dartmouth College graduate student, and their colleagues fully dug out and cleaned the five Laetoli footprints in June 2019. Then they measured, photographed and 3-D scanned the ancient tracks. McNutt’s group focused on two footprints that were particularly well-preserved. Foot shapes, sizes, and walking characteristics of the Laetoli individual differed in various ways from those of other hominid individuals at the same site. The prints also didn’t match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright.
The Laetoli individual possessed a wider, more chimplike foot than humans, the researchers say. Its big toe stuck out slightly from the second toe (脚趾), but not to the degree observed in chimps. On one step, the Laetoli individual’s left leg crossed in front of the right leg, leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track. People may cross-step in this way when trying to regain balance. And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross-stepping, the scientists say.
Given that only two of the ancient footprints are complete enough to analyze thoroughly, the possibility that a chimp other than a hominid made the Laetoli footprints can’t be ruled out, says William Harcourt Smith, a scientist at Lehman College. But evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker, he says.
1. What does the underlined word “refutes” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Objects to. | B.Supports. | C.Puts forward. | D.Criticizes. |
A.They are less chimplike. | B.They have toes sticking out. |
C.They show relatively wide standing. | D.They possess features of cross-stepping. |
A.It’s convincing. | B.It’s challenging. |
C.It’s confusing. | D.It’s conflicting. |
A.To describe a major event. | B.To share a new discovery. |
C.To introduce an unknown species. | D.To settle a huge disagreement. |
【推荐2】The recently opened time capsule at the U.S. Military Academy West Point has sparked excitement and curiosity. Although the initial disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt, the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical significance of the artifacts.
The time capsule, believed to have been placed by West Point military students, was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to Thaddeus Kosciuszko, a Revolutionary War hero. The contents of the capsule, revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school, included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828, as well as a medal commemorating (纪念) the Erie Canal from 1826.
While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse into historical military objects or documents, it has deepened the mystery surrounding the purpose of the time capsule. The discovery of these valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the military students sometime between 1828 and 1829. Additional research will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense historical value, casting light on the past and connecting the present generation with the stories and legacy of those who came before. Archeologist Paul Hudson, despite the initial letdown, remains optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights awaiting discovery.
As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule, they aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical treasure. The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile materials, considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the passage of nearly two centuries.
The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future generations. The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture the imagination of historians, researchers, and the public, as they eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary find.
1. What does the underlined word “palpable” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Apparent. | B.Unreasonable. | C.Lasting. | D.Impossible. |
A.It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal. |
B.It was buried during the Revolutionary War. |
C.It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country. |
D.It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s. |
A.Donate them to a museum. | B.Sell them to collectors. |
C.Bury them again for future generations. | D.Continue studying them for further insights. |
A.They are difficult to analyze due to their small size. |
B.They may have been seriously damaged over the two centuries. |
C.They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried. |
D.The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible location. |
【推荐3】Six “sacrificial pits (祭祀坑)”, dating back 3,200 to 4,000 yeas, were newly discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan. Over 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze wares, ivories, jades and textiles were unearthed from the site. Sanxingdui site is located in Sanxingdui Town, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, on the south bank of Qianjiang River (Yangtze River), a tributary of Tuojiang River in the north of Chengdu Plain. The site covers an area of about 12 square kilometers, and the core area is the ancient city of Sanxingdui, with an area of about 3.6 square kilometers. It is the largest and highest-grade central site found in Sichuan Basin during the Xia and Shang period.
Sanxingdui site, first found in 1929, is generally considered as one of the most important archaeological sites along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the work of excavation on the site only began in 1986,when two pits-widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies-were accidentally discovered.
Investigation in the area around No.1 and 2 pits was relaunched in October 2019, and No.3 pit was found in December 2019, according to Lei Yu, a researcher of Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute who heads the ongoing excavation. Thirty four research universities and research institutes have cooperated in this project. He said the new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986.
More excavation followed in March 2020, and five more pits were found last year. And detailed research began in October. Excavation capsules with hi-tech equipment were set up in the pits in order to prevent the site from further damage.
According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, studies of Sanxingdui site will become a crucial project in an ongoing program Archaeology China, which tries to explain the origins of Chinese civilization and how diverse cultures communicate and come together.
1. What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Check. | B.Dig. | C.Exploitation. | D.Extension. |
A.By dividing the task of excavation into several parts. |
B.By cooperating with research universities and institutes. |
C.By conducting more experiments around the site |
D.By using excavation capsule armed with hi-tech equipment. |
A.The size of the core zone is about 1/3 of Sanxingdui site. |
B.The discovery of Sanxingdui site only began in 2019 |
C.There are 6 sacrificial pits discovered in Sanxingdui site in all. |
D.All sacrificial sites were discovered in the meantime. |
A.Sanxingdui Discoveries Reveal Ancient China |
B.Sanxingdui Site Needed Protecting |
C.Sacrificial Pits Were Unearthed in Sanxingdui Site |
D.Hi-tech Helped to Explore Sanxingdui Site |