“You’re wrong about everything, Mom. I hate you. And I don’t like your hair either!” screamed my five-year-old child Amy while trying her best to hit me in the leg. Her screaming, which lasted an hour, was sparked when I asked her to put on her shoes so we could leave for the store. Luckily, this time, no one was hurt.
We call these behaviors (screaming, kicking, throwing things) hurricanes. She’ll grab me, trying to beat me and I’ll attempt to prevent her from hurting either of us. While she’s usually better-behaved in public, I’ve left the grocery store dragging my screaming daughter more times than I’d like to admit. At any given moment, my sweet child can change into something unrecognizable.
Like other parents of defiant (叛逆的) children, I was at a complete loss. It can be hard to know what’s causing our kids to act out, what steps are needed to stop the disruptive behavior and when to seek help. Nothing prepared me for parenting a defiant child, but, as I found out, the news isn’t all bad: There are solutions for families who have defiant children.
My daughter had been a pleasant, easy baby. Suddenly all that changed when she turned three. She destroyed books and wrote on walls (sometimes right in front of me), and when I tried to stop her, it would bring on another hurricane. I could use rewards, threaten consequences and take away prized toys and she still would refuse to do what I was asking. Occasionally, she’d comply (顺从) — it was so unpredictable.
Defiance is a spectrum. There are strong-willed kids who were just born that way, others who may be reacting to a short-term traumatic (创伤的) event, and kids who might be formally diagnosed as having a more extreme condition called ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). According to a report, between one and 16 percent of children and adolescents have ODD. Boys with ODD are more likely to argue with adults and lose their tempers, while girls tend to lie and be uncooperative.
1. How does the author start the text?| A．By using quotations. | B．By stating a phenomenon. |
| C．By illustrating her life of a normal day. | D．By describing her daughter’s behaviors. |
| A．Amy wanted her mother to buy her a toy. |
| B．Amy intended to hurt her mother heavily. |
| C．Amy wanted to go to the store with her mother. |
| D．Amy was annoyed and dragged her mother out of the store. |
| A．Not knowing how to parent her defiant child. |
| B．Being puzzled at where to seek help and how to. |
| C．Her daughter’s being different from other children. |
| D．The real cause of her daughter’s disruptive behaviours. |
| A．She beat Amy. | B．She let Amy alone. |
| C．She punished Amy. | D．She pointed out Amy’s mistake. |
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【推荐1】Another person’s enthusiasm(热情)was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.
I was nine years old when she entered our home in the countryside of Virginia. My father introduced me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is well known for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning.”
My stepmother walked over to me, raised my head slightly upward, and looked at me right into my eyes. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are wrong. This is not the worst boy at all, but the smartest one who hasn’t yet found a way to give out his enthusiasm.”
That statement began a friendship between us. No one had ever called me smart, My family and neighbors had built me up in my mind as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.
She changed many things. She persuaded my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father’s career could be more successful and my brother and I could be better educated.
When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, and I saw how it had already improved our lives. I accepted her belief and began to write for local newspapers and finally reached the goal she set for me. I wasn’t the only beneficiary. My father became the wealthiest man in town. My brother and stepbrothers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.
1. According to the author, ________ before his stepmother came into his life.| A．his father had been away from home for a long time |
| B．people had noticed his cleverness |
| C．he knew how to release (释放) his enthusiasm properly |
| D．he was considered a rude boy with wild behaviors |
| A．praising him from the bottom of her heart |
| B．giving some writing lessons to him at home |
| C．moving the family into the centre of the county |
| D．planning the future for each family member |
| A．There were other boys who behaved as badly as he did. |
| B．His stepmother bought typewriters for other family members, too. |
| C．Not only he but also his family gained from his stepmother’s enthusiasm. |
| D．Other family members’ enthusiasm has great effects on his stepmother. |
| A．Enthusiasm, a Power for Success | B．Enthusiasm, a Challenge for All |
| C．Enthusiasm, a Gift from my Father | D．Enthusiasm, a Tradition in Families |
【推荐2】I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke (唤起) an emotion, a visual image, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions(认识)”.
I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, her internal (内在的) language, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show her intention, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
1. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that________.| A．she uses English in foreign trade | B．she is fascinated by languages |
| C．she works as a translator | D．she is a writer by profession |
| A．impolite | B．amusing | C．imperfect | D．practical |
| A．Americans do not understand broken English |
| B．The author’s mother was not respected sometimes. |
| C．The author’ mother had positive influence on her. |
| D．Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts. |
| A．well structured | B．in the old style | C．easy to translate | D．rich in meaning |
| A．The changes of the author’s attitude to her mother’s English. |
| B．The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother. |
| C．The author’s misunderstanding of ”limited“ English. |
| D．The author’s experiences of using broken English. |
【推荐3】A group of professional people asked a group of 4- to 8-year-olds this question, “What does love mean?” The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined. See what they think:
“When my grandmother got arthritis (关节炎), she couldn’t bend over and paint her toenails anymore. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That’s love.” Rebecca-age 8
“Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs.” Chrissy-age 6
“Love is when my mummy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip (一小口) before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK.” Danny-age 7
“Love is when you tell a guy you like his shirt, then he wears it every day.” Noelle-age 7
“My mummy loves me more than anybody. You don’t see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night.” Clare-age 6
“Love is when Mummy sees Daddy smelly and sweaty and still says he is more handsome than David Beckham.” Chris-age 7
Author and lecturer Leo Buscaglia once talked about a contest he was asked to judge. The purpose of the contest was to find the most caring child. The winner was a four-year-old child whose next door neighbor was an elderly gentleman who had recently lost his wife. Upon seeing the man cry, the little boy went into the old gentleman’s yard, climbed onto his lap (膝上), and just sat there. When his mother asked him what he had said to the neighbor, the little boy said, “Nothing, I just helped him cry.”
1. The children’s answers are mainly based on ______.| A．their own stories | B．their family stories |
| C．what happened around them | D．how they viewed people around them |
| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
| A．her father’s love for her | B．her grandparent’s love for her |
| C．her friends’ love for her | D．her mother’s love for her |
| A．cheered his neighbor up in a unique way |
| B．gave love a special definition |
| C．comforted his neighbor in the most caring way |
| D．had a good understanding of his neighbor’s sadness |
【推荐1】We all know that cuckoos (杜鹃) use a mean way to raise their babies. The female cuckoos lay their eggs into other parents’ nests. If the cuckoo chick hatches earlier than other eggs, it will push other eggs onto its back, one by one, and make the eggs fall out.
“It’s amazing,” notes Daniela Canestrari. She’s a biologist who studies animal behavior at the University of Oviedo in Spain. At first, she wasn’t focusing on brood parasitism. She just wanted to learn about crow behavior. But some crow nests had been parasitized by spotted cuckoos. When the cuckoo eggs hatched, the chicks didn’t push crow eggs out of the nest. They grew up alongside crow chicks.
“At a certain point, we noticed something that really puzzled us,” Canestrari says. Nests containing a cuckoo chick seemed more likely to succeed. By that she means that at least one crow chick survived long enough to fly out on its own.
The researchers wondered if the reason had something to do with attackers. Wild cats sometimes attack crow nests, killing all the chicks. Are the cuckoos helpful in defending nests?
So the scientists found crow nests containing a cuckoo chick. Meanwhile, they moved some cuckoos to crow nests that weren’t parasitized. Then the researchers monitored whether the nests succeeded. They also watched nests that had never contained a cuckoo chick.
About 70 percent of crow nests with added cuckoo chicks succeeded. This rate was similar to that of chicks in parasitized nests that kept their cuckoos. But among nests whose cuckoo chicks were removed, only about 30 percent succeeded. And this rate was similar to what was seen in nests that never held a cuckoo.
“The presence of the cuckoo was causing this difference,” Canestrari concluded. Then how did the cuckoos slim down the attackers and protect the crow nests? The researchers found cuckoos produced smelly liquid when they were in danger. The results showed that the attackers all turned up their noses when they were exposed to the liquid-coated meat.
1. What do we know about Daniela Canestrari’s research on the cuckoos?| A．It focused on cuckoos’ behaviors. | B．It brought an unexpected discovery. |
| C．It studied the relationship between animals. | D．It changed her opinions on animal behavior. |
| A．cuckoos can successfully defeat wild cats |
| B．cuckoos lay eggs into other parents’ nests |
| C．nests parasitized by cuckoos are more likely to succeed |
| D．crow chick usually survived longer than cuckoo chick |
| A．By scaring them away. | B．By producing a smelly liquid. |
| C．By making themselves wet. | D．By giving off an unpleasant smell. |
| A．In a travel leaflet. | B．In a biology textbook. |
| C．In an experimental report. | D．In a nature magazine. |
【推荐2】Junk can be an annoying thing. But dealing with the junk in your room is quite easy — just remove it. How about the junk in space? NASA is considering using lasers(激光) to move space junk around the Earth.
Scientists suggest that the energy contained in the laser could change the junk’s course by 650 feet (about 198m) a day. While that won’t be enough to knock it out of orbit, it could avoid a collision with a space station or satellite. Where does space junk come from and why should scientists want to move it?
There two main sources of space junk. One is exploded rockets. The largest amount of junk was caused by a rocket sent up into space in 1994. Its explosion in 1996 created a cloud of some 300,000 fragments(碎片), each at least 4 mm in size. Another source is astronaut error. Suppose an astronaut is doing a repair in space, he or she drops the wrench(扳手) and it’s gone forever. It spins into orbit, probably at a speed of around 6 miles(1.6km) a second.
Space junk is a huge threat to the lives of astronauts in space shuttles and on the International Space Station. A tiny speck(微粒) of paint from a satellite once dug a hole in a space shuttle window nearly half a centimeter wide.
Scientists are fully aware of this problem. They monitor the paths of space fragments and immediately report any threat of an orbital impact. Some 20,000 pieces of rubbish are currently being monitored in low-Earth orbit.
So far no effective ways have been found to avoid space junk.
Is there any danger of us on Earth getting hit by space junk? Probably not. Scientists say most space objects that re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn up or re-enter over water. So relax! The chance of getting hit by a falling astronaut’s glove is small.
1. According to the passage, which of the following probably is the greatest source of space junk?| A．Space shuttles. | B．Rocket fragments. |
| C．Used satellites. | D．Astronauts’ tools |
| A．knock space junk out of orbit | B．destroy the space junk directly |
| C．move the space junk off course | D．prevent the space junk from spinning |
| A．Scientists don’t think the space junk problem is serious. |
| B．There are currently 20,000 pieces of rubbish around the Earth. |
| C．Scientists have been following the paths of space junk closely. |
| D．Several ways have been worked out for astronauts to avoid space junk. |
【推荐3】Perhaps you’ve had to put up with a moody, uncooperative teenager, or you may well have been one yourself. A new study suggests that dogs go through a similar stage of stubbornness (固执) and disobedience (不顺从) when they hit adolescence (青春期) at about eight months old.
Looking at the behaviour of a total of 378 canines (犬), researchers found that the animals were more obedient and more responsive either side of that eight-month mark—but only when it came to their owners, not to less familiar trainers.
So not only do dogs appear to have a difficult adolescence just like we do, they also share the disappointment that we often feel towards our parents or caregivers when we hit our teenage years. That has big impacts for long-term canine care and sheltering.
“This is a very important time in a dog’s life,” says animal behaviour researcher Lucy Asher, from Newcastle University in the UK. “This is when dogs are often rehomed because they are no longer a cute little puppy and suddenly, their owners find they are more challenging and they can no longer control them or train them.” “But as with human teenage children, owners need to be aware that their dog is going through a special stage and it will pass.”
In one experiment with 93 Labrador retrievers (狗), golden retrievers and their cross breeds (杂交品种), the dogs at eight months old were found to take longer and be loather to respond to a “sit” command given by their caregiver than they were when just five months old. The eight-month-olds didn’t show the same stubbornness when the command was given by a stranger, though.
The researchers found further evidence of this effect in survey data gathered on 285 Labradors, golden retrievers, German shepherds and their cross breeds. Dog owners and trainers less familiar with the dogs were asked to evaluate the animals ‘trainability’ by answering questions on obedience and how quickly commands were responded to.
Again, the caregivers ranked their dogs as less obedient at eight months old compared with five months old or 12 months old. The trainers reported that obedience increased between the ages of five months and eight months.
1. What is the function of the first sentence in the first paragraph?| A．To raise a problem of teenagers. | B．To lead to the main topic of the passage. |
| C．To give the background information of the passage. | D．To generalize the whole passage. |
| A．Dog’s special stage is everlasting. |
| B．Dogs are more obedient at 5 months old compared with 12 months old. |
| C．Dogs of 8 months tend to listen to a stranger only. |
| D．Dogs’ owners may find it more challenging to control the dogs of 8 months. |
| A．more obedient | B．more likely |
| C．more satisfied | D．more unwilling |
| A．Dog’s obedience. | B．Dog’s stubbornness. |
| C．Dog’s adolescence. | D．Dog’s trainability. |
