They say you catch more flies with honey than vinegar. But when it comes to tackling a tricky task, researchers have found that getting angry can also be a powerful motivator.
The experiments suggest people who are angry perform better on a set of challenging tasks than those who are emotionally neutral.
The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, details how researchers at Texas A&M University conducted experiments involving more than 1,000 people, and analysed survey data from more than 1,400 people to explore the possible impact of anger on people in various circumstances.
In one experiment, students were shown images previously found to cause anger, desire, amusement, sadness or no particular emotion at all. Participants were subsequently asked to solve a series of anagrams (变形词).
The results reveal that for a challenging set of anagrams, those who were angry did better — although no difference was seen for easy anagrams.
The researchers say one explanation could be down to a link between anger and greater persistence, with the team finding those who were angry spent more time on the difficult set of anagrams.
In another experiment, participants who were angry did better at avoiding flags in a skiing video game than those who were neutral or sad, and were on a par with (同水平) those who felt amusement or desire.
“This pattern could indicate that general physical arousal (激起) had a benefit for game scores, as this would be greater in anger, amused, and desire conditions compared to the sad and neutral conditions,”the researchers write. However, no such differences in performance was found when it came to an easier video game.
“People often prefer to use positive emotions as tools more than negative and tend to see negative emotions as undesirable,” said Lench, the first author of the study. “Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations.”
1. What tasks did the researchers set for the students?A.Recognizing different emotion images. | B.Helping analyze a series of survey data. |
C.Putting tasks into different categories. | D.Performing tasks in various emotional states. |
A.It brings team spirit into full play. | B.It promotes a deep insight into the tasks. |
C.It increases effort toward attaining a goal. | D.It changes challenging tasks into easy ones. |
A.Research result consistent with previous findings. |
B.Potential application of the research finding. |
C.A further explanation of the research method. |
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. |
A.To present more proofs. | B.To draw a conclusion. |
C.To make a comparison. | D.To criticize old practices. |
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【推荐1】There are so many ways to explore in regard to finding new happiness. Below you’ll find some tips to help you find your idea of happiness.
Find a new hobby. When it comes to hobbies, the possibilities are endless. You can be as adventurous, creative, or outgoing as you want. You can try out a new hobby alone or with friends. Hobbies can help reduce stress and put our focus on what is fun and different.
Put yourself first. A lot of people forget to take care of themselves because of a busy work schedule, marriage, kids and family. But remember when you put yourself first, your happiness will shine through for sure.
Exercise. Not everyone is a fan of exercise, but it does have so many benefits.
Eat a balanced diet. There is a relationship between food and mood.
A.Choose your social circles wisely. |
B.Know that people are always there for you. |
C.You are doing your body a service by working out. |
D.Happiness is based on how much you can do for others. |
E.The key is to find something that will do just that for you. |
F.What you put in your body determines how your body responds. |
G.Taking time out for yourself daily improves your emotion and performance. |
【推荐2】Anxiety is often viewed as a negative feeling but this emotion can be used to help us manage uncertainty, stay safe and prepared.
A growing number of psychologists and neuroscientists are arguing that anxiety and other negative feelings have a role to play in our lives. Psychologist Todd Kashdan, director of the Well-Being Lab at George Mason University, points out that sometimes it’s right to worry.
Anxiety is an adaptive strategy in human evolution.
Interestingly enough, thanks to the emotion we do not miss an opportunity to get things prepared.
A.It helps us to prepare for the uncertain future. |
B.We have every reason to be aware of the harm anxiety brings. |
C.Anxiety continually pushes us to take responsibility and complete must-do tasks. |
D.However, not facing our anxiety, probably we lose its benefits, and can make things worse. |
E.For example, the fear of heights keeps us from falling off a cliff while taking a selfie. |
F.Neuroscientist Wendy Suzuki believes that anxiety actually serves us by sending out a warning. |
G.Today, it might mean leaving a job because of a predatory boss. |
【推荐3】What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red?
Do you prefer greys and blues?Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.
A.Colours do influence our moods-there is no doubt about it. |
B.On the other hand, black is depressing. |
C.The rooms are painted in different colours as you like. |
D.If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. |
E.Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours. |
F.Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active. |
G.They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up-we are born with our preference. |
【推荐1】Museums seem like immortal (不朽的) places with their impressive treasured holdings. They provide temporary relief from the cares of the world, inspiration and a sense of community identity. Even in our digital age of decreasing attention time, they draw more than 850 million visitors a year in the US, according to the American Alliance of museums (AAM).
But COVID-19 was not impressed, and the effects of the disease-related shutdown on the country’s museums have been dire, says AAM President and CEO Laura Lott. In a survey released Wednesday of 760 Museum directors, 33% of them said either there was a “significant risk” of closing permanently by next fall or that they didn’t know if their institutions would survive.
“Contrary to popular belief, museums get only a quarter of their funding from the government,” Lott tells NPR.Ticket and gift shop sales, school trips and museum events are primary sources of funding, she says, “most of which went to zero overnight when they were closed.”
“Museums support 726,000 direct and indirect jobs and contribute $ 50 billion each year to the economy. Of the museums able to reopen, over 40% plan to do so with reduced staff and will need to spend additional funds to ensure their ability to reopen safely,” AAM said in a statement. Most museums are unwilling to sell even parts of their collection to get funds, Lott points out. Most of the museums surveyed made a point of providing educational resources for students during the lockdown. But those are precisely the kind of services that will need to be cut in the budget crunch (紧缺的) ahead, according to almost two-thirds of museum directors.
1. Why is the digital age mentioned in the beginning?A.To show museums’ importance. | B.To explain the digital age’s benefit. |
C.To prove the popularity of museums. | D.To appeal for more visits to museums. |
A.Controversial. | B.Serious. |
C.Impressive. | D.Sudden. |
A.Museums get limited government funds. |
B.Museums profit mostly from ticket sales. |
C.Museums are closely connected with visitors. |
D.Museums rely mainly on government support. |
A.US Museums Struggle to Survive COVID-19. |
B.That’s why US Museums Should Exist. |
C.Funding for US Museums Went Zero Overnight . |
D.The Future of US Museums Is Promising. |
【推荐2】Fourth Wing, a novel by Rebecca Yarros, gained attention on BookTok, TikTok’s book community, last year. Published on May 2, its sequel (续集), Iron Flame, followed just six months later on Nov. 7, bringing Yarros fame. Yarros released the first two books quickly because she had written part of Iron Flame beforehand. However, she decided to slow down the release of subsequent books.
The rapid release of these books sparked a debate about whether quality is sacrificed for speed in publishing. Yarros faced criticism for mispronouncing Scottish Gaelic words during a Barnes & Noble Q&A event on the sequel’s release day. Critics suggested better preparation, like hiring a Gaelic proofreader (校对员), to avoid such errors. Despite criticism, Fourth Wing soared to the top of the New York Times’ Best Sellers List within its first week, fueled by BookTok’s influence. This phenomenon parallels fast fashion’s trends, reflecting social media’s impact on reading preferences. Yarros’ ability to blend genres and appeal to BookTok’s favorite tropes contributed to the book’s success.
When books become hugely popular, publishers and authors often rush to take advantage of their success, expanding the series quickly. This rush mirrors the fast fashion industry, where items are rapidly produced to meet trends, sometimes sacrificing quality. Rushed publishing, influenced by platforms like BookTok, may result in insufficient time for writing and editing, potentially compromising the overall quality of the books. Despite concerns, popular books recommended on BookTok can still be enjoyed, whether they’re fancy hardcovers or simple paperbacks.
1. What can be learned from the first paragraph?A.BookTok users demanded a faster release. |
B.Fourth Wing was published on May 2 this year. |
C.Iron Flame was published earlier than Fourth Wing. |
D.Yarros released the first two books quickly due to pre-written content. |
A.Ignoring them. | B.Preparing fully for them. |
C.Expanding the release quickly. | D.Releasing statements to defend them. |
A.Because they produce the series rapidly. |
B.Because they prioritize quantity over quality. |
C.Because they produce quickly to make profits. |
D.Because they make use of the success and meet consumers’ demands. |
A.Culture. | B.Life. | C.Science. | D.Technology. |
【推荐3】“Nomophobia”, NO Mobile Phone phobia(恐惧) is a 21st-century term for the fear of not being able to use your smartphone. Smartphone addiction is on the rise, surveys show, and a new study released adds to a growing body of evidence that smartphone addiction is harming our minds literally.
Smartphone addiction affects many people from all across the globe. Over 1.8 billion people own smartphones and the average owners check their screens 150 times a day. Considering those numbers, it shouldn’t come as a surprise when 44% of people (compared with 20% in 2011) admit feeling anxious when they can’t have access to their phones.
Researchers from Harvard University used brain imaging to study the brains of 19 teenage boys who were diagnosed with smartphone addiction. Compared with 19 teenagers who were not addicted, the brains of the addicted boys had significantly higher levels of GABA, which decelerates neurons (神经元), than levels of glutamate-glutamine, which energizes brain signals. That results in poorer attention and control, which you don’t want to have, because you want to stay focused. So that means you are easier to get distracted.
“Addicted teenagers in the study also had significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and levels of impulsiveness (冲动) ,” said Dr. Leslie Perlow, who led the study.
If you seem to have the symptoms of smart device addiction, experts have some suggestions in addition to mindfulness training. First, turn off your phone at certain times of the day, such as in meetings, when having dinner, playing with your kids, and of course, driving. Remove social media apps, like Facebook and Twitter from your phone, and only check-in from your laptop. Try to stop yourself to 15-minute intervals at set times of the day when it won’t affect work or family life. Don’t bring your cellphone and its harmful blue light to bed, and use an old-fashioned alarm to wake you. And last, try to replace your smart device time with healthier activities such as meditating or actually interacting with real people.
1. What is the conclusion of the research?A.Smartphone addiction leads to distraction. |
B.Smartphone addiction easily causes anger. |
C.Smartphone addiction is harmful to the mind. |
D.Smartphone addiction brings about anxiety and depression. |
A.In Paragraph 2. | B.In Paragraph 3. |
C.In Paragraph 4. | D.In Paragraph 5. |
A.Speeds up. | B.Slows down. |
C.Adds to. | D.Cuts down. |
A.To use an old-fashion cellphone. | B.To participate in more social activities. |
C.To stop fifteen-minute intervals. | D.To turn off the blue light on bed. |
【推荐1】Australia Day, on 26 January, is in memory of the day in 1788 when Captain Arthur Phillip, commander of the First Fleet of 11 British ships, arrived at Sydney Cove to mark the birth of the colony (殖民). Every year, many in this nation of 24 million people gather on beaches and around barbeques to celebrate. From boats competitions, camel races, to outdoor concerts, Australians mark a public holiday more popularly treated as a late summer festival than the serious national day its founders intended it to be — a unifying celebration of the good fortune of being Australian and the values that unite the nation: freedom, independence, a fair go, mateship.
However, not all Australians feel the same about the day. Recently there has been much controversy over the correctness of celebrating on this date. Native Australians, in particular, have long referred to this date as "Invasion (入侵) Day" or "National Day of Mourning (哀悼)" in protest of the arrival of the British peoples. They mourn their ancestors who suffered and died during colonization. There has even been a growing push to change the date of the national celebration, a move popular with younger Australians but less so with older generations.
In response to the protests, the Australian government has recognized the traditional owners of the lands on which Australia Day activities take place, in the hope that Australians from all backgrounds come together to celebrate Australia as a multicultural society. "Our desire is that Australia Day is a time for inclusion, as well as an opportunity for greater understanding," one officer from The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts said.
1. What is the original purpose of Australia Day?A.To observe a late summer festival. |
B.To honor the arrival of the British. |
C.To celebrate national identity and values. |
D.To mourn the natives who suffered during colonization. |
A.Debate. | B.Defence. | C.Faith. | D.Puzzle. |
A.They mourned the suffering of native Australians. |
B.They recognized native Australians’ independence. |
C.They protested against native Australians’ ownership of the land. |
D.They brought loss of life and hardship among native Australians. |
A.More Australia Day activities will be organized. |
B.The date of Australia Day will soon be changed. |
C.The protests of changing the date have already been settled. |
D.Australia Day should be celebrated with understanding and respect. |
【推荐2】The outbreak of locusts, an insect that mainly lives in Africa and Asia, is the worst experienced by Kenya in 70 years. The crowds are some three times the size of New York City, eating their way through thousands of acres of crops and animal grassland and destroying livelihoods in the process.
“These hungry things are alarming,” says Keith Cressman, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's senior locust forecasting officer. "A crowd the size of Manhattan can, in a single day, eat the same amount of food as everyone in New York and California combined."
Desert locusts are infamous for their ability to breed(繁育)rapidly in large numbers every three months. And with some help from the wind, they can travel as much as 80 miles a day. Most years, the insects stay in African deserts. However, under the right environmental conditions, they can multiply quickly, spread as much as 400 times every six months and cause extensive destruction if left unchecked.
“The insect has the ability to take advantage of good conditions.” Cressman says.
The "good conditions" the scientist is referring to began in mid-2018 when a rainstorm from the Indian Ocean struck a remote area of the Arabian Peninsula known as the "Empty Quarter". Normally, it would dry out within a short period, killing most of the locust population, which depends on green plants for food. However, in late 2018, a second rainstorm struck the same region. The huge sandy area got wet, which is exactly what desert locusts need to lay their eggs and breed. The extra food supply caused the population to explode for the second time in six months.
Luckily, the locusts, experts say, are easy to control with chemicals. Kenya badly needs equipment and a steady supply of chemicals to effectively wipe out the massive insects. Hopefully, leaders worldwide will recognize the tough situation and contribute generously to control the locust outbreak.
1. What can we infer from what Cressman says in paragraph 2?A.Little can dull locusts' appetite. |
B.Urgent action must be taken against locusts. |
C.Overpopulation in big cities leads to food shortages. |
D.New York and California should meet challenges together. |
A.Locusts' living conditions. | B.Locusts' destructive effect. |
C.Locusts' daily travel distance. | D.Locusts' super reproductive power. |
A.To explain immediate causes of the locust outbreak. |
B.To remind locals to preserve the environment. |
C.To analyze how to prevent locust outbreak. |
D.To highlight the strength of two rainstorms. |
【推荐3】The hand-made bamboo trains that have delighted tourists for nearly two decades are disappearing as Cambodia restores railways for modern trains. Bamboo trains were invented in the1980s by railway workers in Battambang, about 290 km northwest of the capital, Phnom Penh.Later, local people used them to transport goods and travel.
Local people began to use bamboo trains to carry tourists to see beautiful scenery along the railroad in 1999. Since then, the bamboo trains have become popular with foreign tourists. A Canadian tourist said, "I really enjoyed it. You get to see the rice fields and everyday life. It's a very great experience."
Bamboo trains provide a thrilling 7-km ride for $ 5. It can carry 6 passengers. The trains can be gathered together or demolished in only a few minutes.
A German visitor said he'd imagined it was like a real train but discovered it wasn't. "It's different from what I thought of , " he said. "I don't think it is just like a small platform, and you go like on a roller coaster.Very interesting. I like it. I think it's also a good way to transport heavy things from one place to another."
The modern railways will be completed soon. Bamboo train drivers were ordered to stop but they ignored the ban because they couldn't do other work. "I'm really concerned about when this railroad is closed because I'm old and don't know what to do," a driver said."I don't support the ban. It will affect our daily incomes." He predicts tourism will decline without the bamboo trains.
1. What's the real reason for the disappearance of bamboo trains?A.The tourism declines in recent years. |
B.They limit the development of tourism. |
C.Railways for modern trains are restored. |
D.Fewer tourists like taking bamboo trains. |
A.They were invented in the 1980s by engineers. |
B.They were first used to carry tourists in 1999. |
C.They were main transportation in ancient Cambodia. |
D.They were popular with tourists as soon as they were invented. |
A.Take down. | B.Set up. | C.Made up. | D.Sent up. |
A.Opposed. | B.Supportive. | C.Doubtful. | D.Delighted. |