It was May 1945 when what would become one of America’s most common home-cooking techniques first entered the English vocabulary. In her cookbook, How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, 55-year-old Chinese immigrant Chao Yang Buwei described a process common in China, wherein cooks would cut meat and vegetables into small pieces and then tumble (翻) them rapidly together over heat. “The Chinese term for the technique, ch’ao, cannot be accurately translated into English,” Chao decided, “We shall call it ‘stir-fry’ for short.” The term has since taken on a life of its own. Nowadays, stir-frying isn’t just a method — “stir-fry” has become its own category of recipe.
Chao came to cooking unexpectedly. She moved to America with her husband in 1921 after her husband, the famed linguist Chao Yuenren, was offered a job at Harvard. Bored at home and only able to speak a little English, she turned to cooking dishes that reminded her of China. She eventually agreed when a friend earnestly persuaded her to write a cookbook, which was then translated by Chao’s daughter and polished up by her linguist husband.
Her cookbook succeeded, going into multiple printings by 1945. English-language Chinese cookbooks had been published as far back as 1911 in America, but Chao’s was the first that refused to Westernize Chinese cooking. “I’ll show you how to cook crab dishes with real crabs,” Chao told readers in a passage where she forbade them from-using sea crabs in place of the freshwater variety. Using the former, she reasoned, would result in “a caricature (夸张的描述) of the Chinese dish.” During Chao’s era, it might have been easier for foreign cooks in America to please the American taste with substitutions. She wore her Chinese heritage with pride. She didn’t follow suit.
Chao pioneered a new cooking method in America. Unwilling to compromise, she was a true visionary. Sadly, her death in 1981 didn’t make headlines despite her contributions to American food culture. Shortly thereafter even her name ended up falling through pop culture’s cracks.
1. What can be learned about “chao”?A.It is a recognized cooking method now. |
B.It was accurately translated into “stir-fry” by Chao. |
C.It means tumbling many big pieces of ingredients overheat. |
D.It was a common term already used in American cooking before 1945. |
A.She happened to take an interest in cooking. |
B.She didn’t know any American way of cooking. |
C.She was bored to stay at home only to learn English. |
D.She missed her homeland and her country’s cuisine. |
A.It was the first to be faithful to real Chinese cooking and recipes. |
B.It was the most successful cookbook published on Chinese cooking. |
C.It was the first to emphasize the use of freshwater crabs over sea crabs. |
D.It tried to please the American tastes as other similar cookbooks. |
A.Academic and unfailingly helpful. | B.Pioneering and culturally proud. |
C.Recognized and linguistically talented. | D.Adaptable and technically achieved. |
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【推荐1】We are what we eat. From high-calorie meals to low-fat lunches, much of our health depends on what we eat. We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical well-being, but cooking food is turning out to be good for our mental well-being as well.
Some people are now thinking highly of the treatment value of cooking food. It’s not just about the end result but the experience someone goes through. Dr. Mark Salter, a famous doctor, said, “Baking and cooking are good therapies (疗法) that help patients develop planning skills, short-term memory and social skills-all of which suffer in mental illness.”
TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind. She loves to bake and became the champion of the TV show, The Great British Bake Off. She says that “Baking’s always been about therapy. It produces something tangible. Unlike something abstract (抽象的), you can touch and enjoy it! Besides, your creations taste delicious and make you feel good. It is a process that really increase your level of life satisfaction.
Certainly, creating some delicious food has helped some of us get through the recent lockdown (禁闭); it’s helped take our mind off things and given us something to do. People have said that kneading dough (面团) to make bread, for example, has given them a sense of calm and control. Research has shown that doing creative tasks, like cooking, makes us feel happier.
Nicole Farmer, who studies how food influences our biology, behavior and mental health, said that baking is an important tool for our socialization and mental health. She thinks that cooking gives you the opportunity to cook for others-in turn, providing the opportunity to improve and build relationships. It is a rewarding experience.
Hopefully, as we start to mix with friends and family again, we can enjoy the benefits once more and put us all in the right state of mind.
1. Why does the author mention Salter’s words in the second paragraph?A.To support his idea. | B.To explain a medical term. |
C.To warn us about mental illness. | D.To show his admiration for Salter. |
A.Instant. | B.Tasty. | C.Appealing. | D.Specific. |
A.It is a useful survival skill. | B.It is a vital tool for a balanced diet. |
C.It strengthens connections with others. | D.It provides equal chances for all cooks. |
A.We Are What We Eat | B.Health Lies in Cooking Foods |
C.Cooking Helps Physical Health | D.Cooking Promotes Mental Health |
【推荐2】Cheesy Pizza Stuffing
Yield: 4 to 6 servings
Time: 45 minutes, plus drying bread
Ingredients:
• 1 (12-to 14-ounce) loaf brioche (黄油面包), torn into bite-size pieces (about 4 cups)
• 4 tablespoons unsalted butter, plus more softened butter
• 1 large yellow onion
• Salt and black pepper and 2 tablespoons tomato sauce
• 1 large egg and 1 cup whole milk
• 2 cups shredded low-moisture mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪)
Directions:
The night before serving, spread the bread pieces on a sheet pan and let sit on the counter to dry out. Alternatively, you can bake them at 250 degrees until completely dried out and no longer soft, 20 to 30 minutes.
When ready to make the stuffing, transfer the bread to a large bowl. Heat oven to 350 degrees and grease a 9-by-13-inch or 8-by-11-inch baking dish with softened butter. Melt the 4 tablespoons butter in a large skillet over medium-high and add the thinly sliced onion. Season with salt and pepper, and cook, stirring occasionally, until slightly browned at the edges, 5 to 7 minutes. Stir in the tomato sauce and cook until fragrant, about I minute.
In a medium bowl, beat the egg with a fork, then beat in the milk. Pour the milk mixture over the bread and toss with two spoons until evenly coated. Add 1 cup mozzarella and toss again until well combined. Let sit until the bread fully absorbs the liquid, about 5 minutes.
Transfer the stuffing and any accumulated liquid to the greased baking dish, spread out evenly and top with the remaining 1 cup mozzarella. (To make ahead, you can stop at this stage, cover the dish and refrigerate for up to 24 hours.)
Bake, uncovered, until heated through and the cheese is melted, 15 to 25 minutes. (You may need to add a few minutes to the bake time if the stuffing has been refrigerated.)
1. Which ingredient is unnecessary for the dish?A.Tomato. | B.Milk. |
C.Butter. | D.Salt. |
A.The onion used should be thickly cut. |
B.The bread pieces should be softened before serving. |
C.Two cups of mozzarella should be added respectively. |
D.The stuffing which has been refrigerated should be baked for 24 hours. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By offering analyses. |
C.By presenting findings. | D.By following time order. |
【推荐3】Do you enjoy eating a nice piece of a cow? Or pig back meat? Chances are that you do, though you’re more likely to call these dishes beef and bacon. But why do the words for these animals change after they’re killed and served? And why does this change only happen with certain meats?
To answer these questions, we have to step back almost 1,000 years into the past, as the current saying is that this linguistic phenomenon (语言现象) results from the Norman invasion (侵略) of England.
In 1066, the Old French-speaking Normans took control of the Anglo-Saxons, who spoke Old English. The Norman rulers used different measures of oppression (压迫的措施), but they also introduced their language. They used French words for the meat that appeared on their tables. Meanwhile, the Old English words were still used by the Anglo-Saxons who farmed and raised the animals. Such was the Norman influence on England that their terms for meat have always been there as part of the modern English language for cuisine (烹饪).
It’s not just adult cows that got a new name after they were killed and prepared for Norman dinners. A young cow is called a “calf”, and this word comes from Old English. However, the animal is changed into “veal” after it is cooked.
Besides the word pig, which, like cow, has Old English origins (来源), the Anglo-Saxons used to use the word “swine” for these animals. Both became pork when the Normans ate their meat, though.
Chicken is one of several exceptions. While the Normans used the French word poulet for chicken meat, this became “pullet” in English. This word is only really used by chicken farmers. No one is quite sure why this happened! Here’s another exception, as fish is fish regardless of whether it’s swimming in a river or appearing on a dinner table. One possibility for why the French word poisson has never entered the English language is that it’s too close to “poison” — something no one wants to eat!
1. What purpose do questions in the first paragraph serve?A.To attract readers’ attention. | B.To encourage studies on food. |
C.To offer some background information. | D.To provide some advice for readers. |
A.The English who worked in farming came from France. |
B.French words for meat were much easier to remember. |
C.Normans brought their French language to England. |
D.French terms became popular among cooks worldwide. |
A.Beef. | B.Veal. | C.Swine. | D.Calf. |
A.There were already Old English words for fish in common use. |
B.English speakers found the word too similar to the word “poison”. |
C.The Normans did not eat fish as often as other meats. |
D.The French word was not introduced during the Norman invasion. |
【推荐1】Chinese paper cutting or, “jianzhi” is the art of cutting paper designs, and the cut-outs are also used to decorate doors and windows, so they are sometimes called “chuang hua”. Paper cutting has long been a symbol of Eastern charm.
There are symmetrical (对称的) designs that are usually created by some folding and cutting. When unfolded, it forms a symmetrical design. Chinese cut-outs are normally symmetrical and are usually in an even number series of 2, 4, 24. etc.
The oldest surviving paper cut-out is a symmetrical circle from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China. From the 7th to 13th century, paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese festivals. The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century. Throughout the Qing Dynasty many paper cutting skills were developed including drafting and the use of smoked paper. By the end of the Qing ruling however, paper cutting was once on the decline because new art forms were being introduced. The People’s Republic of China later tried to revive the art in the 1980s.
Today, paper cut-outs are chiefly decorative. They decorate walls, windows, doors, columns, mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes and are also used on presents or are given as gifts themselves. Entrances decorated with paper cut-outs are supposed to bring good luck. Paper cut-outs used to be used as patterns, especially for embroidery (刺绣).
There are two methods of manufacture (加工): one uses scissors, and the other uses knives. In the scissor method, several pieces of paper—up to eight—are fastened together. The image is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors. Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of oil and ashes. Skilled crafters can even cut out different drawings freely without stopping.
1. When can the existing oldest paper cutting date back to?A.About 1,500 years ago. | B.About 1,600 years ago. | C.About 1,400 years ago. | D.About 600 years ago. |
A.Survive. | B.Restore. | C.Copy. | D.Fix. |
A.History. | B.Origin. | C.Uses. | D.Process. |
A.The History of Paper Cutting | B.A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting |
C.Paper Cutting—the Eastern Charm | D.Paper Cutting—Unbelievable Skilled Crafters |
【推荐2】To most Americans ---- and probably most Westerners --- romantic love is the greatest love of all. In fact, romantic love sometimes considered the very definition of love. We often use “love” as shorthand for romantic love, just as we use the word “relationship” without even thinking that we need to point out that we mean “romantic relationship”.
Before I started studying single life, I had no idea why contemporary American views of love were so narrow. Then I spent a long time reading.
When I wrote Single Out, I summarized some of what I learned this way:
From Middle Ages through early modern times, to describe the love for a spouse(配偶) as the greatest love of all would have been sacrilegious. The most special place in anyone’s heart was supposed to be reserved for God. Over the years, many kinds of people and entitles (独立存在物) have been considered deserving of love and affection. They have included spiritual figures and ancestors, immediate and extended family, friends and communities.
As Stephanie Coontz, author of a fascinating book Marriage A History, noted, during 1800s, Westerners believed that love developed slowly out of admiration, respect, and appreciation; therefore, the love one felt for a sweetheart was not seen as qualitatively different from the feeling one might have for a sister , a friend, or even an idea.
The ruling American worldview may well represent one of the narrowest explanations of love ever imagined. Where once the definition of love and affection reached out to family, friends and communities, reached back to ancestors, and reached up to the heavens, now they surround and squeeze just one other person --- sometimes to the point of asphyxiation(窒息).
Is any of this changing? Maybe. More and more people are living single. Those people who do marry are, on the average, getting around to it later in life than ever before. Americans spend more years of their adult lives not married than married. One potential hint of these big changes is that we will start recognizing how much other kinds of people and pursuits matter to us. We may realize, for example, that a life filled with close friendships is a life filled with love. Those of us who are fortunate enough to take and fulfill jobs may feel freer to say that we love our work. And if we are single, maybe we will be able to do so with less risk of being dismissed as using our work as compensation for not having a spouse.
1. What does the text mainly indicate?A.The hint of love changes these days. |
B.Love used to mean so much more. |
C.Love all instead of only your spouse. |
D.Which is better, to marry or to be single? |
A.Poor. |
B.Ridiculous. |
C.Showing a great respect for love. |
D.Showing a lack of respect for God. |
A.Romantic love doesn’t always come ahead of other loves. |
B.Coontz thinks all kinds of loves come from appreciation. |
C.That love develops slowly is popular in American society. |
D.Americans’ view of love today is only an imagination. |
A.More and more Americans want to be single. |
B.More and more Americans tend to delay marriage. |
C.There are many people who want work instead of marriage. |
D.There are so many ways that our lives can be filled with love. |
【推荐3】With a box, a lamp, and a piece of white paper, Hakobyan Aleta handmade a simple shadow play (皮影戏) stage. Believing shadow play is an excellent way to tell stories of Chinese myths, legends, and culture, she has posted videos online, which went viral, receiving 6 million likes and 10 million views.
Coming to China years ago, the girl has visited places like Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, saying she likes the country’s various folk tales and wonderful myths. For a long time, she had been seeking for a creative storytelling way to share the folk tales she collected Luckily, she came across a shadow play show in a museum in Xi’an, and realized this was what she wanted to do. In the shadow plays, performers stay behind a white curtain, control the shadow puppets (木偶) made from animal skins, and move along with the songs of local operas.“I was excited watching it for the first time about a famous military general in Chinese history. The staff invited me to see the puppets, and I was impressed by the colors and flexibility,” Aleta recalled.
Arriving home, Aleta started her research to make a shadow play stage. Learning from videos, she built it with a box, a light, white paper, and other tools. Aleta also tried to make shadow puppets. Unlike the traditional way of making shadow puppets with animal skins, Aleta printed puppet figures on paper and then carefully cut and carved them into shapes. Her lirst shadow play told a moving love story in Chinese legend. “The story is about love, the moon, and he hope for reunion, which is similar to a family reunion theme on the Mid-Autumn Day in China,” Aleta said. To enrich her story materials, Aleta has been learning Chinese traditional culture, which has become her inspiration. For instance. When making scenes related to the Qixi Festival, she learned a lot about China’s traditional weddings. Aleta’s videos have won many audience, who said the videos make them understand more Chinese culture.
1. What does “went viral” underlined in paragraph 1 mean?A.Had a bad influence on fans. | B.Encountered many difficulties. |
C.Remained unknown to the public. | D.Spread quickly on social media. |
A.Mysterious and satisfying. | B.Impressive and inspiring. |
C.Unforgettable and challenging. | D.Adventurous and exciting. |
A.She found inspiration from Chinese culture. | B.She posted some videos online. |
C.She used animal skins to make shadow puppets. | D.She attended some traditional weddings. |
A.Aleta, A Folk Tale Writer. | B.Aleta, A Short Video Fan. |
C.Aleta, A Shadow Play Lover. | D.Aleta, A Puppet Inventor. |
“No, Dad. You've done so much already. Thank you!” I was overwhelmed once again by his kind acts of providing everything I needed, although I turned 40. Yet I realize that in my father's eyes, I will always be his little girl. He takes deep pleasure in knowing his children are all right. Now that he has enough money, he loves to give whenever he sees a need.
But this was not always the case. Divorced from my mother when I was 11, my dad couldn't be around his kids as often as he would have liked. Money was also tight; even weekend visits were rare. However, my dad stayed in constant communication with us and made sure he was involved in our lives. Though he couldn't always be there in person, I knew he was only a phone call away. I could always make sure of that.
Even now, almost 30 years later, I treasure knowing that I can pick up the phone and call Dad, and he'll be there for me. I have a wonderful husband, but that hasn't changed how Dad sees me. I'm still his child and he loves to see that my needs are met.
I remember a time when I was shopping in a hardware store (五金店) with Dad. I mentioned my plans to paint one wall in my house. Well, that's all it took for Dad to take action. By the time I got to the checkout(结账) line, all the supplies I picked out were put out of my hands and placed with things he bought.
Then there was the time when I took him with me to do some grocery shopping for just a few “ items”. By the time we were finished, my shopping cart was full of groceries from every shelf in the store! My sister and I joke that if you don't want Dad to buy it for you, avoid even mentioning you want something.
1. What's the best title for the passage?
A.Father's generosity | B.Father's considerate love |
C.The love for children | D.Love's power |
A.suggestion | B.reasoning |
C.examples | D.argument |
A.After the author got married, her father no longer get himself involved in her life. |
B.Now the father's economic condition is satisfying. |
C.The author's father was divorced when she was 11. |
D.The father has a great sense of responsibility. |
A.father paid little attention to money |
B.father was quick in action |
C.father loved going shopping very much |
D.father paid great attention to his children's needs |
1. According to the passage, good Santas should be the ones that ______.
A.can offer the children some gifts |
B.help adults look after their children |
C.have ability to make children happy |
D.should be perfect in the mind of children |
A.train the pet reindeer for the Santas |
B.earned money from its students |
C.train perfect Santas for the world |
D.show the world’s concern to the poor |
A.Weir was short of experience |
B.Weir was not fit for the job as a Santa |
C.Weir did very badly in the game |
D.Weir was not a good student in school |
【推荐3】One warm summer morning, Elizabeth, the nanny of the William’s, went back from outside with the little boy, Josh. When she stepped into the house from the front door, she could tell that something was wrong but she couldn’t point a finger at exactly what it was. Just as she was about to dash out to find Josh, the little boy ran from behind her back, straight into the house for his toys.
That’s when she heard footsteps coming down the stairs. Her heart missed a beat. Knowing that Josh’s parents were not home, she ran inside the house, caught the little boy swiftly and headed straight for the gate. She hit the neighbor’s door heavily to seek help and called the police.
When David William returned home and checked the monitor, what he saw scared the life out of him. A strongly built middle-aged stranger walked around the house and searched every corner, being careful not to miss any valuables. And the most frightening for David was to see him even slipping into Josh’s room. It was also terrifying to see that he was on his phone with someone guiding him on what to do. When Elizabeth opened the front door, he realized it was time to leave. He ran out just a few moments after Elizabeth and the boy left, getting away from the police.
The Williams feel so grateful to Elizabeth for what she has done daily and saving their little boy when she could have easily run leaving the child behind. Elizabeth is called “supernanny” by the family. But Elizabeth said it was just her normal duty. “When his parents are away they put their trust in me to keep him safe.” Although she is still terrified at the thought of what could have happened if she had come face to face with that man, she is willing to continue doing her work.
1. Why did Elizabeth leave the house quickly?A.She was anxious to find Josh. | B.She sensed something dangerous. |
C.She was in a rush to help her neighbor. | D.She heard familiar footsteps approaching. |
A.He stole into Josh’s room. | B.He was caught by the police. |
C.He used the monitor to find valuables. | D.He searched Elizabeth’s room for his phone. |
A.she acted beyond the call of duty | B.she felt no fear in case of emergency |
C.she saved the child at the cost of her own life | D.she strengthened the parent-child bond of trust |