The first mouthful of “cultivated” meat is both remarkable and dull. In a homely kitchen at the California headquarters of Eat Just, a startup, a-card-sized slice of meat, served with a sweet-potato puree, mushrooms and some pickled peppers, has been grilled. The meal is remarkable because the meat was grown in a lab. It is ordinary because the texture, taste, look and smell of the meat is almost identical to that of chicken.
Broadly speaking, there are two ways to make cultivated meat. One option is to put the cells in a stainless-steel tank, called a “bioreactor,” which is filled with a nutrient-rich liquid that is often from cow embryos (胚胎). The cells multiply, and after a month or so a meaty slurry can be harvested and turned into minced-meat products such as chicken nuggets (鸡块).The alternative is to place the cells on a frame. That encourages them to grow into a certain shape, and is used to create more fibrous meat, such as steaks.
The cultivated-meat business hopes that this experience will become more common. In June, Eat Just and Upside Foods, became the first two companies to win regulatory approval to sell cultivated meat in America. A handful of firms already do so in Singapore. In total, around 160 firms are trying to bring cultivated meats to market.
But doing so will be challenging. In America, diners without the benefit of a press card can find cultivated meat in just two restaurants. Years ago the industry was bullish. McKinsey guessed it might grow to $25 billion worldwide by the end of the decade. But that hope is fading. Most companies are now more focused on producing hybrid meats, which combine cultivated animal protein with protein from plants such as soya or wheat because of stubbornly high costs and troubles with mass production.
In some rich countries, plenty of people say they want to reduce their consumption, ether for ethical reasons or environmental ones. Lab-grown meat may, for some consumers, be less ethically worrisome than eating animals. And the early success of plant-based meat alternatives gave investors hope. Earlier this year, Vow Food, an Australian start-up, created a “mammoth meatball”, mixing ancient DNA recovered from frozen mammoth remains with that of modern-day elephants.
1. Which kind of lab-grown meat does Eat Just serve?A.Beef steak. | B.Chicken nuggets. | C.Mammoth meatball. | D.A chicken-like meat dish. |
A.Gloomy. | B.Pessimistic. | C.Promising. | D.Depressing. |
A.Because of the much easier way to cook hybrid meats. |
B.Because of the remarkably enhanced flavor and texture. |
C.Because of the fierce competition with traditional meat companies. |
D.Because of high costs and production challenges of cultivated meat. |
A.A new cuisine will take the place of traditional dishes, |
B.A debate about moral issues is aroused by lab-grown meat. |
C.Will lab-grown meat ever make it on to supermarket shelves? |
D.How is the lab-grown meat made to cater for people’s demand? |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Eating chocolate at least once a week could stave off a heart attack, according to new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.
Lead author Dr. Chayakrit Kittanawong said, “Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart's blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336, 289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery( 冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.
Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. But evidence is growing that its reputation as a “guilty pleasure” is wrong. Dr. Krittanawong said, “Chocolate contains heart healthy nutrients such as flavonoids, methylxanthines, polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.
Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr. Krittanawong said, “In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.
Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr. Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate is more beneficial - or if there is an ideal portion size. He said, “Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”
While it's not clear how much is perfect, Dr. Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said, “Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it's likely that large quantities do not.”
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.The result of the study. | B.The process of the study. |
C.The participants of the study. | D.The intention of the study. |
A.A heart attack. | B.A stroke. |
C.High-density lipoprotein. | D.Low-density lipoprotein. |
A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure. | B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health. |
C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart. | D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Hopeful. | C.Negative. | D.Uncertain. |
【推荐2】For many Chinese consumers, a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge(粥) or steamed buns(馒头). Cold sandwiches, which are usually popular with Westerners, are probably one of the last options on their minds. But that is not to say that consumers, especially those in an international city like Shanghai, would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast. For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.
To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out a host of new offerings to attract the customer. One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee, which was launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019. Apart from its traditional dim sum, the store also sells various types of coffee.
According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Shanghai Qiaojiashan Food Development Cold, the most popular breakfast set at the moment is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal featuring Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious," said Shen.
Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food establishments, too, have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options. "Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history," Shen said.
1. What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in paragraph 1?A.People favour porridge and steamed buns. | B.Coffee is a necessity for many people. |
C.People avoid western food for breakfast. | D.Cold sandwiches are a popular choice. |
A.It is newly launched. | B.It is tasty and healthy. |
C.It has Chinese characteristics. | D.It contains more nutrients. |
A.Western food companies don't care about East-West breakfast. |
B.Only big companies have the capacity to seize the market share. |
C.The combination trend helps keep some traditional foods alive. |
D.The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers. |
A.Western breakfast is well received by Shanghai people. |
B.Chinese consumers show more interest in western food. |
C.Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets. |
D.The Chinese-Western breakfast set is warmly welcomed in Shanghai. |
【推荐3】Prefer your coffee black? Then you probably like dark, bitter chocolate, according to a new research identifying a genetic basis for those preferences.
If that’s you, then congratulations — you are the lucky genetic winner of a sort that may offer you an advantage toward good health, according to caffeine researcher Marilyn Cornelis. Studies find moderate amounts of black coffee have been shown to lower the risk of certain diseases. But those benefits are likely to be more pronounced if the coffee is free of all of the milks, sugars and other fattening flavorings we tend to add.
In an earlier research, Cornelis and her team discovered that a genetic variant (变体) may contribute to why some people enjoy numerous cups of coffee a day, while others do not. “People with the gene metabolize (新陈代谢) caffeine faster, so the stimulating effects disappear faster, and they need to drink more coffee,” she said. “This could explain why some individuals seem to be fine consuming a lot more coffee relative to someone else who might become very anxious,” she added.
In the new study, Cornelis analyzed more precise types of coffee drinkers, separating black coffee lovers from cream and sugar lovers. “We found coffee drinkers with the genetic variant that reflects a faster metabolism of caffeine prefer bitter, black coffee,” Cornelis said. “We also found the same genetic variant in people who prefer dark chocolate over the milk chocolate.”
Cornelis and her team don’t think the preference has anything to do with the taste of plain black coffee tea. Instead, she said, people with this gene prefer black coffee and tea because they ae the bitter favor with the boost in mental comfort they desire from caffeine. “It’s possible these people are just very sensitive to the effects of caffeine and they also have that learned behavior with other bitter foods.”
Future studies will try to deal with the genetic preference for other bitter foods, Cornelis said, “which are generally linked to more health benefits.”
1. The earlier study is mainly about ________.A.why coffee is refreshing |
B.why bitter foods attract black coffee lovers |
C.why coffee drinking habits vary among people |
D.why black coffee is healthier than white coffee |
A.its bitter taste | B.faster metabolism of caffeine |
C.the caffeine it has | D.the mental comfort it brings |
A.The preference for black coffee may have a genetic basis. |
B.People with the genetic variant are sensitive to sweet flavor. |
C.Scientists found certain genetic variant in milk chocolate lovers. |
D.Coffee drinkers with the genetic variant show a slower metabolism of caffeine. |
A.Learn more health benefits associated with black coffee. |
B.Cover more bitter foods with genetic preference. |
C.Analyze more precise types of coffee drinkers. |
D.Know more learned behavior people have. |
【推荐1】People who like travelling have their reasons. They believe that travelling can help them expand their field of view, especially in the geographical and historical sense. They also think that touring will give them more chances to enjoy different kinds of food and experience new things that would never be brought by other activities. But those who dislike travelling also have some reasons.
Travelling, in my opinion, does more good than harm. Most importantly, it broadens (使扩大) our mind. We can get in touch with other civilizations (文明), cultures, customs and ideas.
Through history, most people travelled because of necessity (必要性) -not for pleasure. People travelled just in order to remain alive. They searched for food to eat or places to live in. They sometimes ran away from enemies. This is not to say that no one ever travelled just for fun of it. In ancient times, for example, rich Romans travelled all the ways to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games, and festivals. Of course, some people decided to travel just out of curiosity (好奇心). They wanted to find out what it looked like beyond the horizon (地平线). Also business travel has been going on for centuries. Traders could not only make money but also learn to speak several languages and be introduced to different cultures.
So, travelling does enrich our mind and draw new ideas to us. There is no doubt that we can get much from it.
1. The underlined word “expand” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”.A.widen | B.Protect | C.lose | D.decide |
A.for fun | B.for knowledge |
C.to get experiences | D.to make a living |
A.Three. | B.Four. | C.Five. | D.Six. |
A.Different kinds of travelling. | B.Travelling enriches our mind. |
C.Ways to enjoy yourself while travelling. | D.The advantages and disadvantages of travelling. |
【推荐2】There is an old saying in English: "Laughter is the best medicine." Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people's health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group, which tolerated the pain for the longest time, was the group, which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins(内啡肽) in the brain. These are natural chemicals that diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune(免疫的) system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group—in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists(精神病学家) in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' conditions by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.Laughter is good for one's health. |
B.Laughter is related to some illness. |
C.Laughter has been investigated long since. |
D.Laughter has no effect on the body. |
A.keeps down blood pressure | B.has similar effects to physical exercise |
C.decreases the heart rate | D.increases stress |
A.It reduces pain. | B.It exercises the body. |
C.It improves the body's immune system. | D.It can cure cancer. |
A.They laugh at their patients. |
B.They encourage their patients to laugh. |
C.They smile when they don't feel like laughing. |
D.They never stop laughing. |
【推荐3】Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days?
People in many countries are longing for the good old days. But when exactly were the good old days? Podcaster Jason Feifer devoted an episode of his program to this question. The most popular answer seemed to be the 1950s, so Mr. Feifer asked historians whether Americans in that decade thought it was particularly pleasant. Definitely not. In the 1950s, American sociologists worried that rampant individualism was tearing the family apart. There were serious racial and class tensions, and everyone lived under the nuclear threat.
In fact, many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce races, the American family would soon cease to exist. Many people at the time idealized the Victor inn era, when families are strong and children respected their elders.
Why are human beings always so nostalgia for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smart phone will.
Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. Poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s.
This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adult hood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively.
Obviously, some things readily were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. Longing for the past and fear of the future inhibit the experiments and innovations that drive progress.
Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The point isn’t to show how silly previous generations were. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research.
And not all fears about the future are unbounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days.
1. The word “rampant” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A.limited | B.reasonable |
C.uncontrolled | D.traditional |
A.when American families still remained strong and children respected their elders |
B.that saw a sharp increase in individualism and divorce rate in American society |
C.that was believed by Americans born in the 1930s and the 1940s to be the best decade |
D.when radical and class tensions became more serious but people no longer lived under the nuclear threat |
A.The current generation is not as silly as the previous generations. |
B.It is unwise to be simply opposed to any new inventions and technologies. |
C.People are constantly deceived by their instinctive nostalgia for the good old days. |
D.The internet, video games and stem-cell research pose great threats to humanity. |