In Denmark, bicycling is one of the primary forms of transportation. In sunshine, rain and snow, you will see cyclists on their way to work, to the grocery store, or to social events. The bike is a Dane’s best friend. Danish cycling culture is as old as the bicycle itself. Bikes were first introduced to the country in the 1880s, and during the 1920s and 1930s, the bicycle became a widespread symbol of equality and freedom. People of all social classes began biking side by side —in the cities on their way to work and in the countryside on their days off.
The increased prosperity of the late 1950s saw some. Danes replacing bikes with motorcycles and automobiles. Just like their colleagues around the world, Danish urban planners believed the future belonged to cars, trucks, and ever-wider highways. In the early 1970s, however, the Mideast oil crisis terminated that development. “Car Free Sundays” were introduced in Copenhagen, and protests demanding Copenhagen to become car-tree took place. Over time, concerns about air pollution, climate change, and the need for people to get enough exercise have helped bicycles make a big comeback. Denmark’s heavy taxes on petrol and automobiles are a factor, too.
Today, cycling is an inseparable part of Danish culture. Newcomers who do not know how to cycle are encouraged to learn as soon as they arrive. Danish children usually learn to bike before they begin school at the age of six — and often much earlier. In school, children learn about traffic rules, road safety, and the importance of wearing a helmet as well as good cycling habits. Another alternative for families with children is the cargo bike-a sort of oversized tricycle with a large wooden box on the front. It’s estimated that a quarter of all Copenhagen families with two or more children own one of these cargo bikes for transporting kids, groceries, and other necessities. Danish cargo bikes have also won design awards and become a Danish export success.
Commuting by bike is the fastest, easiest and most environmentally friendly way to get around the cities of Denmark. And the numbers speak for themselves: Residents who cycle in Copenhagen request 1.1 million fewer sick days. Cyclists reduce CO2 emissions by 20,000 tonnes a year on average.
1. What can we learn about bicycles in Denmark from paragraph 1?| A．Bicycling was the only form of transportation. |
| B．Danish cycling culture dates back to the 18th century. |
| C．Bicycles had symbolic significance in the early 20th century. |
| D．Bicycles revolutionized transportation |
| A．Facilitated. | B．Permitted. |
| C．Ended. | D．Postponed. |
| A．To demonstrate the commitment to cycling. | B．To compare cycling with driving. |
| C．To highlight the popularity of cycling. | D．To show the benefits of cycling. |
| A．Denmark: A Nation of Cyclists |
| B．Denmark: A Model of Sustainable Living |
| C．The Evolution of Transportation in Denmark |
| D．The Impact of Cargo Bikes on Danish Mobility |
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【推荐1】The automobile (汽车) has many advantages. Above all, it offers people freedom to go where they want to go, when they want to go there. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply, quickly, and safely as possible.
In addition, much of the world’s economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads, services and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world’s paychecks are auto related (相关的). In the United States, one of every six dollars spent and one of every six non-farm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries, such as oil, steel, rubber, plastics, automobile services, and highway construction (建设).
Despite (尽管) their advantages, motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air, water, land, and wild life resources. Since Karl Benz built the first automobile, almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. In addition to the tragic loss of life, these accidents cost American society about $60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance, administrative, and legal expenses.
Los Angeles is a global symbol of urban sprawl (城市扩张) built around a vast network of freeways. About one third of the city’s total metropolitan (大都市的) area and two thirds of its downtown area are devoted to roads, parking lots and other automobile related uses. Each day, its network of streets and freeways is crowded with more than five million vehicles, which are responsible for 85% of both the air pollution and the noise in this urban area.
If present trends continue, U.S. motorists will spend an average of two years of their lifetimes in traffic jams. Streets that used to be for people are now for cars. Pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets suffer from noise, pollution, stress, and danger.
1. What do we know about the automobile?| A．It develops slowly in style. | B．It brings us little convenience. |
| C．It causes no harm to wildlife. | D．It is a key part of the world’s economy. |
| A．Add some background information. | B．Summarize (概括) the previous paragraphs. |
| C．Provide some advice for the readers. | D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| A．The automobile has many advantages. |
| B．The automobile has a tough time to survive. |
| C．The automobile brings influence in many ways. |
| D．The automobile is responsible for traffic accidents. |
【推荐2】The world's top automakers(汽车制造商)are increasingly offering more electric car models. This growth is expected to continue, with more people choosing to hit the road with clean- running electric cars.
Environmentalists have praised the automakers for taking major steps to limit harmful pollutants linked to worldwide climate change. But electric cars are also known for not producing another kind of pollution - noise. They run on batteries instead of fuels, and can operate in silence.
While many people might consider this a good thing, quiet cars can also cause problems. The main danger is that people around electric vehicles face a greater risk of being hit if they cannot hear the cars coming.
Governments in the United States and Europe have recognized this problem. So they have set requirements for automakers to add warning sounds to electric vehicles. The U.S. Department of Transportation finalized its rules a year ago. The rules require electric and hybrid (混合物) cars to be equipped with some warning sounds when moving at a speed of up to 30 kilometers per hour. The rules are aimed at preventing injuries among people walking or riding bicycles and protecting the blind.
So what kind of sound can we expect to hear from the next generation of electric cars? One of the easiest solutions would be for carmakers to reproduce the sound of a traditional car running on fuels. But many industry officials believe this would be a mistake. They say this would not support electric cars' true identity. Frank Welsch, the head of technical development at Volkswagen, said that finding the perfect sound mix is not an easy process. He said, "It cannot be too annoying. It cannot sound like anything we had in the past." An official from Mercedes-Benz said the sound was designed to provide a safe warning without annoying passengers inside the car. He said the goal was to create a car that remains completely quiet inside.
It might seem strange to think that part of our automotive future is currently being developed in the same kinds of recording studios used by musicians. But that is exactly what is happening.
1. What's Paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．The main advantages of electric cars. | B．The useful ways to improve electric cars. |
| C．The automakers' effort to limit pollutants. | D．The effect of climate change on the car industry. |
| A．To add functions. | B．To increase sales. |
| C．To prevent injuries. | D．To make cars smarter. |
| A．The sound similar to that of a traditional car. | B．The sound not troubling people inside cars. |
| C．The sound matching cars' identity. | D．The sound chosen from recorded ones. |
| A．A newspaper. | B．An advertisement. |
| C．A science report. | D．A research plan. |
Now technology makes carpooling easier and more fun. NuRide, a company provided an online carpooling service last year, offers daily travelers in the Washington area not just a web-based list of would-be carpoolers but also a way to arrange a trip online. Here’s how it works: rider seekers enter the positions where their trip will begin and end, the time they want to leave and if they’re willing to drive or just ride in someone else’s car. The website’s search engine then looks for matches and makes lists of the names of traveling companions, along with the car model and the exact time and place to meet for each trip. People who want to share the ride can show their interest in joining in online and then meet their car mates when it’s time to go.
NuRide users aren’t riding with total strangers. They are required to provide the name of their employer and a work e-mail address, both of which need to be checked before being listed on the website.
To attract users, NuRide offers a frequent rider prize: anyone who shares a ride gets a $1 credit. So far, 2,300 people have signed up. NuRide CEO Rick Steele said that more than 50,000 rides have been arranged on the website, resulting in 1.4 million fewer miles driven and 650 fewer tons of automobile emissions (机动车排放).
1. What has the study found about people’s opinion on carpooling?
| A．Most people think it is inconvenient. |
| B．Only 18% can find their road mates. |
| C．Some people consider it dangerous. |
| D．Half of the people accept the idea. |
| A．Decide a car model for you to drive. |
| B．Help you arrange a shared car trip. |
| C．Find your car matestrue names. |
| D．Give you a list of car owners. |
| A．give information about his interest |
| B．meet his car mates before the trip |
| C．offer the name of his employer |
| D．provide his home address |
| A．improving air quality |
| B．reducing driving speed |
| C．promoting safety of driving |
| D．increasing job opportunities |
【推荐1】On Saturday night, a five-person team of the Chinese e-sports club, with the full name EDward Gaming, won the 2021 League of Legends World Championship in Reykjavik , Iceland , beating defending champion Damwon KIA (DK) from South Korea. The live streaming of the championship had over 200 million viewers on two major domestic smartphone apps and other channels.
The team has taken the opportunity to share Chinese culture with the world. At the beginning of the championship, the members of EDG and other staff displayed tai chi, martial arts and traditional Chinese costumes in Reykjavik, launching a “Chinese hurricane” in the Icelandic capital. Now the posting of photos and videos on social networks have spread that hurricane to the whole world.
With the popularity of digital technology, new forms of cultural exchanges have been appearing, of which e-sports are of the hottest. Unlike texts and videos, e-sports go beyond the barriers of language and are understandable around the world.
Also e-sports appeal most to those in their early 20s, as shown by the carnival of college students on Saturday night. That in turn makes them a good bridge of communication between Chinese youngsters and their counterparts (同行) around the world. More importantly, the e-sports industry is sustainable (可持续的) in spreading Chinese culture, as the large audiences mean huge commercial potential. In 2020 alone, the sales profit of the domestic e-sports industry went beyond $ 43.56 billion, and involved 280,000 companies, which in turn created over 10 million jobs.
As early as 2019, Hainan province announced its ambitious plan of building an international e-sports center. On Nov 5, the Organizing Committee of the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou city, announced it had listed eight e-sports as events in the Games. Both show the strong policy support being given to e-sports.
With more Chinese star gaming clubs and teams appearing, the industry is expected to boom and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world.
1. What can we know from the news report?| A．E-sports play a significant role in bridging cultures between nations. |
| B．The number of the viewers around the world reached over 200 million. |
| C．There was a severe hurricane in Reykjavik, Iceland on Saturday night. |
| D．EDward Gaming has won the LoL World Championship twice on end. |
| A．E-sports appealed to people of all ages. |
| B．2020 witnessed a turning point of e-sports. |
| C．E-sports gave birth to many new companies. |
| D．E-sports boosted economic development. |
| A．The first international E-sports centre was built in 2019. |
| B．E-sports enjoyed great popularity in Hainan and Zhejiang. |
| C．E-sports received official support from the authorities. |
| D．E-sports were first listed as events in the Asian Games. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Critical. | C．Positive. | D．Cautious. |
【推荐2】The article What China Gets Right about Relationships by Sam Massie reminds me of the Quora question about the opinion on Chinese people. Obviously, answers from different people won’t be the same. To me, those different people fall into two groups: those with a vague picture of China, and those understanding Chinese culture very well.
It’s quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice:
“When was child, was taught to be watchful around Chinese people-they were the type that smiled when offended because they’ll stab you in the back in revenge (报复). They valued money over human life, and that was motive (动机) for all their activities.” -Quora User.
That provides us, if I can say so, a racist’s stereotype of Chinese people. It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking (yes, especially high school students). All these are rather too simple and general.
By contrast, to those we call a China-hand, it is quite obvious that the word “Chinese” bears much more. In today’s ever globalized world, more and more foreign friends are increasingly attracted to Chinese culture. They learn Chinese, make Chinese friends, watch Chinese movies, and pay visits or even move to China. Understanding the differences between the east and the west, they could see through the appearance.
In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple. What should be paid attention to are the in-group/out-group effects. Sam Massie is wise in saying that “rudeness to strangers is the flip side (相反面) of deep bonds with loved ones. I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners’ opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. What’s your opinion?
1. According to the writer, the first group ________.| A．judge Chinese people one-sidedly |
| B．see well into Chinese culture |
| C．turn out to be ill-educated at school |
| D．draw reasonable conclusions about China |
| A．Chinese people can do anything to fight back against those who offend them |
| B．China is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere people |
| C．China has a long history and the most hardworking students in the world |
| D．China is profit-driven and as a result, people are cold to strangers |
| A．changing and reasonable idea | B．a fixed and often right idea |
| C．a fixed and often false idea | D．a changing and unfair idea |
| A．approving | B．objective | C．critical | D．indifferent |
【推荐3】Carnival (狂欢节) is the most famous holiday in Brazil. It is not about an important time in history or about a famous person, but it is important for the people because it’s a time of friendship, freedom, and almost a whole week without work. People can have parties or have a rest, and most people choose parties, day after day, night after night. It starts forty days before Easter (复活节). It lasts four days and four nights. It starts on Saturday and finishes on Wednesday. People wear their colourful clothes and go out into the streets or to the clubs. There are also groups of people who make a parade (游行) showing their music and cars. Every year the parade tells a different story. Each city has at least one group like this.
In the south, life returns to normal by Wednesday. However, it is not accepted by the church in the northwest, where Carnival is more common. There people don’t respect its end and continue to have parties until the next Sunday.
I like Carnival, but I don’t agree that the party should keep going on for so many days. Unfortunately, some people aren’t responsible and give it a bad name, and that makes people remember the bad things about this. However, it is the only national holiday that brings together the whole country and its different people and cultures.
1. Why is Carnival important for the people in Brazil?| A．Because it’s a time of friendship and freedom. |
| B．Because it’s about an important time in history. |
| C．Because it’s a time of almost a whole month without work. |
| D．Because it’s a time to remember a famous person. |
| A．having parties | B．having a rest |
| C．making a parade | D．going shopping |
| A．It starts forty days before Easter. |
| B．It starts on Saturday and finishes on Thursday. |
| C．There are groups of people who make a parade showing their music and cars. |
| D．Every year the parade tells a different story. |
| A．The author doesn’t care for Carnival. |
| B．The author never joins in Carnival. |
| C．The author does not like Carnival. |
| D．The author likes Carnival, but he doesn’t agree the party goes on so many days. |
【推荐1】Nicotine is the addictive chemical in tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapors. And doctors say a teen’s brain is no place for it to end up. Nicotine can reach the brain within seven seconds of smoking a cigar, cigarette or electronic cigarette.
The area of the brain responsible for emotions and controlling our wild impulses is known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层). It’s very easily affected by nicotine, research shows. This is especially true for young people, because this part of the brain doesn’t finish developing until about age 25.
Nicotine acts like a key to unlocking special receptor (感受器) molecules on the outside of cells in the brain, including those in the prefrontal cortex. Nicotine causes these cells to release signaling molecules, such as dopamine (多巴胺). These chemical signals travel across a gap between nerve cells. When they reach the neighboring nerve cell, they release their message. And it makes users get a feel-good high.
But after repeated exposure to nicotine, those brain cells can change. The effect of these changes is to reduce the body’s ability to release its own, natural pleasure-giving chemicals.
Meanwhile, the brains of teens who smoke or vape may create more receptors to handle the flood of nicotine they have come to expect. As the number of receptors increases, teens will need more nicotine to get the same high. That makes nicotine users seek hit after hit. In teens, this can provoke side effects. For instance, it can make it hard for them to stay focused. It might also trigger depression or anxiety, research suggests.
Some of the negative effects of nicotine on the young brain will fade with time — if exposure ends. Others, however, may persist. For instance, brain scientists at VU University Amsterdam found that exposing adolescent rats to nicotine increased their aggressive behavior. It made them a bit more reckless than usual. It also made it harder for them to focus their attention—even later, as adults
No one is sure that the same thing happens in humans, but that’s exactly what worries Garry Sigman. “Exposing the developing adolescent brain to nicotine could lead to a high risk of lifelong addiction,” he explains.
1. What do we know about the prefrontal cortex?| A．It controls personality and the brain. | B．It regulates emotions and behaviors. |
| C．It finishes developing in adolescence. | D．It defends itself against nicotine effect. |
| A．Teenagers have fewer receptors in the brain. |
| B．Nicotine does not reach the brain quickly enough. |
| C．The brain creates more receptors to handle nicotine. |
| D．Nicotine has a greater effect on teens’ prefrontal cortex. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Pessimistic. | C．Doubtful. | D．Concerned. |
| A．Explain-er: The Nico-Teen Brain |
| B．Tobacco, Nicotine, and E-Cigarettes |
| C．How Nicotine Affects Memory and Learning |
| D．Nicotine Addiction: Symptoms and Treatments |
【推荐2】These days I am on my very best behavior whenever I leave the house. If I am wearing pantyhose(连裤袜), I double-check to ensure there is no hole on it. I drive thoughtfully as if I’m being tested for a license. I won’t even allow myself to frown when another driver is blocking my path.
My kids have noticed my fear in public. “Why are you looking all around, Mum?” they asked.
“You can’t be too careful,” I said. “Every single person around us is hiding one of cell phone cameras. They are glad to catch somebody doing something stupid or embarrassing. Then they’ll put it on YouTube and a million people will see. I’m not taking any chances.”
“But I don’t think anyone is interested in filming you putting on your lipstick for a YouTube video.” answered one kid.
“Oh, really? Don’t count me out so quickly.” I said.
Actually, in some cases, I am all for public shaming. For example, I admire the cleverness of the man who put up a website where he posts photos of cars and license numbers of people who occupy two parking spots. And I take secret pleasure in photos of politicians with their fingers in their noses. Throwing light on bad behavior can awake the sleepy conscience(良知).
But what about the poor guy who has already had a bad day at work and then loses his temper at a rude store clerk? What about the woman whose only crime is a terrible judgment error at the hairdresser? Do they deserve to have their images uploaded onto the Internet for all the world to see?
None of this is new, of course. Allen Funt pioneered the art of catching people during unguarded moments back in the 1940s with “Candid Camera”. But there’s a difference. On “Candid Camera”, people are set up in staged situations, such as riding in an elevator that goes sideways. And they must give permission before they enjoy their fifteen minutes of fame. Now we are a nation of Allen Funts. This can’t be a good thing.
1. What is the author like?| A．She is poor at driving. |
| B．She is a very fashionable dresser. |
| C．She is very cautious about her behavior. |
| D．She is sick to death of others’ rudeness. |
| A．Making mistakes before her kids. |
| B．Being filmed while doing something stupid. |
| C．Getting involved in a quarrel with others. |
| D．Watching videos on YouTube. |
| A．to keep the poor’s mistakes secret. |
| B．to download images from the Internet. |
| C．to take pleasure in making funny videos. |
| D．to make the public aware of bad behavior. |
| A．People can be easily caught in embarrassing moments. |
| B．We are permitted to upload images onto the Internet. |
| C．It was once a fashion to film people in unguarded moments. |
| D．Cell phones make it convenient to catch illegal behavior. |
【推荐3】One of Prague’s most famous sights, the Orloj, the third oldest clock in the world, has been stopped. It is set to undergo months of restoration (修复)that will see the return of several, but not all, of its original parts.
Perhaps no other clock better proves the genius of the early pioneers of time keeping than the Orloj. Marking the minutes and hours is only one of the many measurements it provides.
The 607-year-old astronomical clock tracks Old Bohemian time, when the new day begins with sunset; Babylon time, which tracks the day from sunrise to sunset; Central European time, which is marked with a hand in the shape of the sun; and Star time, measured by the way the stars appear to move because of the earth’s movement.
A calendar dial (刻度盘)notes the days of the week, month and year, and a zodiacal ring (黄道环)shows the path of the sun and the moon through the sky. But, it is the astrolabe (星盘)that is the heart of the clock’s mechanical (机械的) operation. It tracks the position of the sun, the moon and stars, and has been a necessary tool for astronomers.
Over the centuries, the clock has been damaged and repaired, but, always returned to fully working order. Its longevity has inspired a number of sayings. One is that when the clock stops running, the Czech land will be thrown into war and privation (贫困). Another holds that who ever tries to affect the machine will die or go crazy.
Skala, who has been a clock master for 25 years, said he was honored when asked to take care of the Orloj eight years ago. Asked whether he believed the sayings, Skala smiled. “I didn’t believe the stories,” he said, “or else I would never be able to work on the clock.”
1. What is the heart mechanical operation of the Orloj?| A．A calendar dial. | B．A zodiacal ring. |
| C．The astrolabe. | D．The hands. |
| A．Because of the old clock’s longevity. |
| B．Because of the war in Czech. |
| C．Because of the deaths of menders. |
| D．Because of many unbelievable facts. |
| A．To show the Orloj’s long history. |
| B．To praise the Orloj makers’ wisdom. |
| C．To prove Skala didn’t beleve the sayings. |
| D．To encourage people to make better clocks. |
| A．Skala will restore the old Orloj. |
| B．A legend about the old Orloj. |
| C．The old Orloj measures time accurately. |
| D．The Orloj stopped to be restored. |
【推荐1】What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders.
Standard time
Time has always existed, but “standard time” hasn’t. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren’t synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.
The light bulb
When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match.” Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, they have led to more flexible working hours and they enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights!
Algorithms
An algorithm is defined as “the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer.” The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It’s a shame so few of us understand them!
Shipping containers
First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalization possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other hand. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.
1. The word “synchronized” (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________.”| A．made to show standardized time | B．made to adapt to the local time |
| C．made to indicate the local time accurately | D．made to ensure that trains arrive on time |
| A．Standard time. | B．The light bulb. | C．Algorithms. | D．Shipping containers. |
| A．the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time |
| B．algorithms, the light bulb, standard time, shipping containers |
| C．shipping containers standard time. the light bulb, algorithms |
| D．standard time, algorithms, shipping containers, the light bulb |
【推荐2】Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease”.
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates encouragement to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control.” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interferences. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. ”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. ”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.
“There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were removed, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
1. What do people generally believe about aging?| A．It should cause no alarm whatever the circumstances. |
| B．It should be regarded as a kind of disease. |
| C．They just cannot do anything about it. |
| D．They can delay it with advances in science. |
| A．It might be prevented and treated. |
| B．It can be as risky as heart disease. |
| C．It results from a vitamin deficiency. |
| D．It is an irreversible(不可逆转的) biological process. |
| A．They now have a strong interest in research on aging. |
| B．They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging. |
| C．They have ways to prevent people's aging process. |
| D．They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent. |
| A．Aging is hardly separate from disease. |
| B．The human lifespan cannot be lengthened. |
| C．Few people live up to the age of 92. |
| D．Heart disease is the major cause of aging. |
【推荐3】Australian scientists have started vaccinating (接种疫苗) wild koalas against the disease Chlamydia (衣原体病) in an ambitious trial in New South Wales (NSW). They want to test a way to protect the animals against the widespread condition that causes blindness, the inability to have babies, and death.
“It’s killing koalas because they become so sick that they can’t climb trees to get food, and females are unable to have babies,” said Dr. Samuel Phillips, a microbiologist at the University of the Sunshine Coast.
Around half of the wild koala population in the Northern Rivers region of NSW—about 50 animals—will be caught and vaccinated. “We want to evaluate what percentage of the koalas we need to vaccinate to meaningfully reduce infection and disease,”said Dr. Phillips.
The first koalas were caught and vaccinated in March and the effort is expected to last about three months. Researchers use telescopes to spot koalas in the trees, then build fences around the tree bases with doors leading into cages. After a few hours or days, the koalas climb down from one tree to seek tasty leaves on another and wander into the harmless traps.
After a cheek-up to make sure the animals are in good condition, researchers give them anaesthesia (麻醉) to make them sleep before they administer the vaccine. They watch the koalas’health for 24 hours after they wake up to make sure there are no side effects. The goal is to vaccinate healthy koalas to prevent them from becoming infected with chlamydia. The researchers mark the koalas’backs with pink dye so the same animals aren’t caught twice.
It is not known what caused koalas to catch chlamydia, but the scientists believe it was probably from exposure to the infected sheep and cattle. It spreads when koalas mate, or it can be passed from a mother to her babies.
1. Why was the ambitious trial started?| A．To establish a wildlife reserve. | B．To attract the tourists of all ages. |
| C．To test a newly developed vaccine. | D．To reduce infection among koalas. |
| A．Uncaring. | B．Doubtful. | C．Concerned. | D．Cautious. |
| A．Dangerous. | B．Demanding. | C．Simple. | D．Useless. |
| A．Why koalas suffer from the disease. | B．How researchers recognize koalas. |
| C．What a koala family largely feeds on. | D．When a female koala can have a baby. |
