A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to stop a Scottish regional council (政务委员会) adding fluoride(氟化物) chemical to the public water supply.
In a case which has already cost the taxpayer £1,000,000, the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.
At her home last night Mrs Catherine fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup. “Where would it stop?” she asked. “They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water to keep the unemployed quiet.” It was a horrible poison, she said, that could have caused al kinds of diseases, including cancer.
The judge, however, concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on pulpier health. Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favored by the dental profession. He could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting the public in the first case. The Authority’s legal duty to provide “wholesome” water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink, did not, he said, extend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means.
1. Mrs McColll felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually _____.A.took the local council to court |
B.had a physical fight with the judge |
C.urged the authority to apologize |
D.spent much money removing the chemical |
A.wasn’t proved to be harmful |
B.was the duty of the local authority |
C.was strongly poised by dentists |
D.was surely beneficial to the public |
A.the improvement of their personal health |
B.the problem of unemployment in their community |
C.the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water quality |
D.their right to be informed of the authorities’ decisions |
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【推荐1】A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?"This is a familiar scene in Tokyo’s so-called "silent cafés", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.
1. What is special about the “silent cafes”?A.It provides various tea and books. |
B.It has attracted many popular young people. |
C.It offers service by writing not by speaking |
D.People are not allowed to communicate. |
A.Unstable economic situation |
B.A change in traditional family support pattern |
C.The rising demand for privacy |
D.The increasing social isolation |
A.She doesn’t like to be a nurse. | B.She doesn’t like the life in big cities. |
C.She travelled to Tokyo on her work days. | D.She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place. |
A.Lonely Japanese | B.One woman wedding |
C.Social recluses in Japan | D.Silent cafes |
【推荐2】Hello! My name is Zhan Bingbing.
Lately, all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world, helping other countries to develop. We see Chinese workers building roads in the Congo, a port in Pakistan, railways in Panama, and an airport in Sri Lanka. And we see Chinese miners, oil workers, agricultural experts, mechanics, and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world. And some people may ask, “Is it worth it? Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development?”
I had the same questions myself. But for me, it was much more personal. You see, my mother is a medical doctor, and for the last two years, she has been working as a volunteer consultant in Tanzania, Africa, as a part of a medical team sent by the Chinese government.
To be honest, when my mother first left for Africa, I was upset. My mother cooked me dinner every night, and she took good care of me. But more importantly, she was my best friend. we talked together, we spent our leisure time together, and except for school and work, we were never apart. So I was unhappy about her leaving without even asking for my input.
But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania, a country that has many health problems, and now I am singing a different tune. Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania. And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted, such as electricity, running water, cars and good transport systems, and supermarkets. One project that my mother worked on was helping to build a cardiac hospital. Prior to this, if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery, they would have to go abroad. Since this was quite expensive, many people went without medical treatment and some even died. Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. It has made a big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment, help those with disabilities, and provide consultation and training for local doctors. In addition, her team has given patients a new malaria treatment invented in China, and this has saved many lives.
Today, I want to relay to you that I’m proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it. Is her work worth it? Yes, to the lives of the people she is helping, it is worth it. But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life. When I think of all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of, helping others comes at the top of this list. Now that I understand how important my mother’s work is, I’ve decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands. In the future, I pray that you will do the same.
Thank you!
1. What is the function of the second paragraph?A.To explain how China helps other countries. |
B.To introduce the topic of the speech. |
C.To show where Chinese workers are. |
D.To praise the contributions China has made. |
A.A personal story. |
B.Facts and data. |
C.A hypothetical example. |
D.Other people’s experiences. |
A.Her love for her motherland. |
B.Her hard work at school. |
C.Her bond with her mother. |
D.Assistance to others. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Bored. |
C.Favorable. | D.Worried. |
【推荐3】There are a lot of wild camels in Australia. Although they don’t appear to be as destructive as other introduced species because they eat trees and plants that our native Australian animals don’t eat, in the last few years the Australian Camel population has been increasing at a fairly alarming rate and becoming a bit of a problem.
We didn’t see them that often where we grew up unless we went further into Queensland or South Australia. When we did see them it was always a bit of a thrill for us kids because it was somewhat of a novelty.
The suggestion of bringing camels to Australia was first made in 1837, 49 years after Europeans arrived in Australia. The importing of camels into Australia began in the mid 1800s to open up the desert areas of Central and Western Australia. They were handled and cared for by Muslim cameleers that came from countries like Egypt, Turkey and northern India. The cameleers were called Afghans or “Ghans” even though most of them were not Afghans. The name stuck to a part of the railroad track that links Port Augusta in South Australia to Darwin in the Northern Territory.
In a famous 176-kilometre race, between Bourke and Wanaaring in New South Wales a camel was beaten by a horse but the horse died the next day while the camel was ridden back to the starting point.
By the 1920s there were about 20, 000 domesticated camels in Australia, but with the arrival of motor and rail transport in the 1930s people no longer needed their camels and a lot of them were abandoned in the bush.
Australian Camels are now exported live to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and other countries where disease-free camels are considered a delicacy. Australian Camels are also exported to Arab Camel racing stables as breeding stock. The United States also imports them to use in tourist attractions. There are over 40 farms providing rides in Australia now.
1. What problem with camels in Australia is mentioned?A.They carry disease. |
B.They hurt people sometimes. |
C.The number of them is growing rapidly. |
D.Some native animals are threatened by them. |
A.To keep the balance of nature. |
B.To develop the desert areas. |
C.To satisfy kids’ curiosity. |
D.To create new jobs. |
A.The disappearance of bushes. |
B.The spread of a serious disease. |
C.The introduction of other animals. |
D.The availability of modern vehicles. |
A.The history of Australian Camels. |
B.What Australian Camels are used for. |
C.The advantages of Australian Camels. |
D.Why Australian Camels are popular abroad. |
【推荐1】Learning doesn’t have to end when people age. In fact, today’s seniors want to remain socially engaged, intellectually stimulated (激发), and an active part of their communities according to a university in Lebanon. That’s why the university opened The University for Seniors that gives older adults — 50 and up — an opportunity for lifelong learning.
Founded in 2010, the school has about 500 new students every year, even during the height of the pandemic when classes were virtual. The university includes two three-month semesters and students can take any class they want regardless of their educational level. There are no exams or graduation certificates. This school is all about lifelong learning. The available classes include political science, public health, agriculture, sciences, women’s affairs, as well as creative classes in drawing, painting and music. Language classes include English, French and Spanish. The classes are taught by volunteers.
One student, Mariam Koubaissy, 85, took drawing classes because it was her childhood dream to learn to draw, but life got in the way. Her dream does not die, though. She said, “Now half a century later, my dream came true and I was proud to have walked through those gates.”
The university provides more than just education. Former banker Youssef Bakri, 84, has been a student for over 10 years. He said, “Studying is food for the brain, and among the various lectures, there are psychology lessons that support us very much at our age.”
Studies show that seniors can reap many benefits by continuing to learn new things. Lifelong learning keeps the brain stimulated, challenged and fully engaged. This helps seniors remain mentally alert while they age. With the percentage of over 65s in Lebanon’s population growing, The University for Seniors is filling a very important role in the lives of its students.
1. What can we know about learning in The University for Seniors?A.It takes twelve months. | B.Certificates are available. |
C.Classes are various. | D.Educated students are admitted. |
A.It’s popular. | B.It’s challenging. |
C.It’s limiting. | D.It’s famous. |
A.Seek. | B.Gain. |
C.Track. | D.Explore. |
A.The University Gives Seniors a Chance to Keep Learning |
B.The Program of Learning ls Accessible to All Seniors |
C.Lifelong Learning Keeps the Brain in Good Function |
D.Seniors Are Eager to Return to the University |
【推荐2】Jan. 7, 2008 --- French President Nicolas Sarkozy would marry his girlfriend, former supermodel Carla Bruni on Feb. 8 or 9, media reported Monday.
The report said that in December --- less than a month after Sarkozy met Bruni --- he gave her a heart-shaped diamond engagement ring.
Carla Bruni, Italian singer, former model and girlfriend of France’s President Nicolas Sarkozy, holds the hand of her son Aurelien while wearing a pink heart-shaped ring during a visit to the ancient Jordanian ruins of Petra Jan. 5, 2008. French newspapers reported that Sarkozy would marry her early in February.
Sarkozy and his wife of 11 years, Cecilia, divorced in October. Their marital(婚姻)problems became well known in May 2005 when she appeared in public at the side of event organizer Richard Attias.
A marriage to Bruni, a one-time star of the catwalks who is now a singer, would be Sarkozy’s third: He divorced his first wife, Marie, in the late 80s --- after he had met and befriended Cecilia.
Political analyst Dominique Moisi said that a Sarkozy proposal to Bruni could be part of his desire to head off any future arguments, and the speed of their visit to the ancient Jordanian ruins of Petra Jan. 5, 2008 would fit with his personality as a busy man in a hurry.
“Apparently, he’s going to marry her, so the problem will be behind him,” Moisi said. “He will increase the opportunities to travel with her, and to say to the French, ‘You see, I must remarry… You need a first lady.’”
Bruni, an Italian-born French citizen, has dated famous men including Mick Jagger and Donald Trump. She has also reportedly been linked to singer Eric Clapton and actor Vincent Perez.
1. What is the correct order of Sarkozy’s marital history?A.Long marriage to Cecilia |
B.Visiting ruins with Bruni |
C.Getting divorced from Marie |
D.Giving Bruni a diamond ring |
E.To marry the former supermodel |
A. c-a-b-d-e B. e-d-c-a-b C. c-a-d-b-e D. a-c-d-b-e
2. What did Moisi really intend to inform the readers?
A.The president will spend more time staying with Bruni |
B.Sarkozy is good at balancing state and personal affairs |
C.It is not easy for President Sarkozy to seek a new love |
D.It is a doubt whether the marriage would have a bright future |
A.provide some unknown stories about Bruni’s love affairs |
B.show uncertainty about the former supermodel’s loyalty |
C.imply that past experiences have little effect on a person |
D.prove Bruni one of the most popular and attractive females |
A.Bruni, France’s first lady |
B.A third marriage to fail |
C.France to have first lady |
D.President’s new girl friend |
【推荐3】When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, his energetic listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music.
The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wild— wild monkeys to be exact. Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild macaque monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the coronavirus crisis.
The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
“We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer and will not be aggressive,” said Barton, 59, a long-time Thailand resident.
Barton has played at four sites in Lopburi, including at an ancient Hindu temple, a store and an old movie theater.
The macaques quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven’s Für Elise and Michael Nyman’s Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head.
“A wonderful opportunity to see the wild animals just being themselves,” said Barton, from Yorkshire in northern England.
But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers.
“I was surprised to play the piano and find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.” But, he added, “I wasn’t going to let those things distract from the project which is to play the music for these wonderful macaques.”
The monkeys are Barton’s latest animal fans. Past wildlife audiences included elephants living in special protected areas.
Barton hopes to raise awareness of the monkeys’ hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.
1. Why does Paul Barton play to the wild macaque monkeys in Thailand?A.To cure their disease. |
B.To make friends with them. |
C.To attract more tourists to watch them. |
D.To draw people’s attention to their hunger. |
A.Listening carefully to his perfect performance. |
B.Becoming more aggressive when he plays classical music. |
C.Trying to stop him by taking away his music paper. |
D.Surrounding him and reacting wildly. |
A.Wild animals are difficult to deal with. |
B.Macaque monkeys are also infected with coronavirus. |
C.Barton keeps on playing however the monkeys react. |
D.Elephants living in special protected areas will be Barton’s next listeners. |
A.Musician plays for Monkeys in Thailand |
B.The Power of Music |
C.Classical Music Prevents Monkeys from Hunger |
D.The Recovery of Wild Monkeys |