Learning survival skills is an ongoing process(过程)that will last for your entire life. Because each situation has its particular requirements, there is always more to learn and experience.
Fire
Fire provides warmth, light, and comfort, and keeps away the creatures. But even those are not all.
Shelter
Shelter protects your body from heat, cold, rain, snow, the sun, and wind. It also protects you from insects and other creatures that seek to do you harm.Before you are in need of making a survival shelter, be sure to practice and experiment with a variety of materials and survival plans on a regular basis. Clothing is the first line of shelter protection.
Signaling
Signaling allows you to get in touch with people who can rescue you without having to be close by.
First Aid
A.Have the right clothes for the right environment. |
B.There are a variety of ways to signal for help. |
C.Lay out SOS from rocks, logs or colored clothing. |
D.Always bring along your first aid box and a space blanket. |
E.Fire and smoke can be used for signaling very long distances. |
F.Panic is your number one enemy when you are in any emergency situation. |
G.These 4 basic skills may put you on your way toward becoming a survivor. |
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【推荐1】The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
How does nature boost people’s happiness? Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving.
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity? It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness.
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors.
A.What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting. |
B.So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to restful mini vacation. |
C.Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees. |
D.One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip. |
E.When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off. |
F.According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative. |
G.This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. |
【推荐2】NEED A GOOD ADVENTURE
Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with ourselves and others in a new way. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice.
Start small.
Pick a manageable activity you can do soon — this weekend — close to home.
Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking as excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than those who tried to press down their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset.
Use your imagination.
Write yourself a letter.
Think of it as an uplift talk. Start by addressing your fear. “I know you’re nervous. This is normal because you’re leaving your comfort zone.”
Relax about the outcome.
If you could do this whole thing perfectly, it would not be the adventure you’re looking for. Remember: Whatever happens, it should make a good story. Imagining how fun it will be to tell your friends about your adventurous story later will help you stop complaining now.
A.Picture the worst-case scene. |
B.Arouse your anxiety. |
C.This will break your inactivity and help you build up to bigger adventures. |
D.Shift how you view anxiety. |
E.And you’ll feel connected to others. |
F.This can boost your mood and change your thinking by making you feel more stressed. |
G.Then write about the skills you have and the past experiences that went well. |
Most of us have spent more time at home in 2020 than we ever imagined possible.
Take off your shoes at your door. Think about keeping your home clean the minute you walk in. A University of Arizona study found that the average shoe contains nearly 421,000 different bacteria (细菌), including Escherichia coli and strep. Pesticides (杀虫剂) and cleaning chemicals can also come into your home via your shoes.
Freshen the walls. If the walls in your home feel as if they're closing in, maybe its time to find anew coat of paint.
Clean the air in your home.
A.Work near a window. |
B.Study in the man-made light. |
C.Studies have shown that color can influence your mood. |
D.The gold standard is a high-efficiency particulate air filter. |
E.Maybe you have realized the importance of a healthy home. |
F.Leave a pair of shoes you wear in the house by the front door. |
G.high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can cost much. |
【推荐1】It took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldn’t see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm.
There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的)anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didn’t sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What’s more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.
As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a run-down hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly.
I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head west towards where I had come from. "The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.
All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it’s dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.
1. We can know from the passage that “Rita” is ________.A.a pet |
B.a storm |
C.a friend of the author |
D.a citizen in Houston |
A.The author was a storm chaser. |
B.The storm lasted for at least a week. |
C.The author didn’t like Houston at all. |
D.Houston was very badly damaged by the storm. |
A.Anxious. |
B.Disappointed. |
C.Satisfied. |
D.Scared. |
A.Ways to survive in a storm. |
B.The weather changes in Houston. |
C.The author’s experience in the storm. |
D.Damages caused by the storm in Houston. |
【推荐2】Flash droughts develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture. They’re also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms. In a study published in the journal Communications Earth& Environment, we found that the risk of flash droughts, which can develop in just a few weeks, is on the rise in every major agricultural region around the world in the coming decades.
In North America and Europe, cropland that had a 32% annual chance of a flash drought a few years ago could have a greater chance of a flash drought by the final decades of this century. That result would put food production, energy, and water supplies under increasing pressure. The cost of change will also rise. A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.
All droughts begin when rainfall stops. What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they strengthen themselves, with some help from the warming climate. When the weather is hot and dry, soil loses moisture rapidly. Dry air extracts moisture from the land, and rising temperatures can increase this evaporative (蒸发的) demand. The lack of rain during a flash drought can further contribute to the feedback processes. Under these conditions, crops and vegetation begin to die much more quickly than they do during typical long-term droughts.
In our study, we used climate models and data from the past 170 years to assess the drought risks ahead under three conditions for how quickly the world takes action to slow the pace of global warming. If greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, power plants, and other human sources continue at a high rate, we found that cropland in much of North America and Europe would have a 53% annual chance of flash droughts, by the final decades of this century. Globally, the largest increases in flash droughts would be in Europe and the Amazon. Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low emission conditions.
1. What is the feature of flash droughts?A.Seldom happen and greatly beneficial. | B.Frequently happen and low risky. |
C.Suddenly happen and highly destructive. | D.Regularly happen and slightly harmful. |
A.Crops and vegetation die more quickly during long term droughts. |
B.Slowing emissions can completely solve the problem of flash droughts. |
C.In Europe cropland will suffer from more flash droughts by the end of this century. |
D.Flash droughts won’t have any effect on food production, energy, and water supplies. |
A.Adequate rainfall. | B.The warming climate. |
C.The cold and wet weather. | D.Long-term droughts. |
A.By studying climate models. | B.By speeding up global warming. |
C.By changing cropland into forests. | D.By decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. |
【推荐3】The Pacific island of Tonga was struck by huge volcanic explosion on January 15, 2022, which was followed by a tsunami (海啸) that flooded the regions of the capital, Nuku’alofa. Witnesses reported ash was falling over the capital, and social media images showed water flooding into a church and many residences. Local residents had to flee to higher ground when the tsunami warning was issued.
The capital of Tonga is around 65 kilometers north of the volcano. The volcano’s plumes of gas, smoke, and ash extended 20 kilometers into the sky, according to Tonga Geological Services. According to authorities in Suva, the eight-minute eruption was so powerful that it could be heard as “loud thunder sounds” more than 500 miles away. Storm waves have been predicted in New Zealand, which is more than 2,300 kilometers away from Tonga.
Internet and phone lines went down after the violent volcanic eruption, leaving the 105,000 residents on the islands almost uncontactable. All communication to the outside world in Tonga was affected due to damage to the undersea cable (电缆). Digicel, a Jamaican phone company that partly owns the Tonga Cable System, said that it might take 24 hours to restore the important communications link before it could provide an update on work. The company said it was working urgently with local authorities to “resolve the damage”, adding that its domestic (国内的) mobile phone towers were operating across the main island of Tongatapu.
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said that the New Zealand government has made an initial sum of 340,000 dollars available to provide assistance to Tonga. An Australian Air Force P8 Poseidon aircraft also reached Tonga on January 17. Meanwhile, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said that China is closely watching the volcanic eruptions and the disasters including tsunami and volcanic ash in Tonga, and stands ready to provide every possible support and assistance at Tonga’s request.
1. What was the influence of the tsunami?A.The huge volcanic explosion struck Tonga. |
B.Local residents were forced to move away. |
C.The capital of Tonga was completely flooded. |
D.Many churches and residents were flooded away. |
A.The reason for the volcanic explosion. |
B.The enormous losses caused by the flood. |
C.The serious air pollution due to volcanic ash. |
D.The widespread effect of the volcanic eruption. |
A.In total confusion. | B.In great danger. |
C.Out of sight. | D.Out of touch. |
A.Support from different countries is around the corner. |
B.The way of predicting natural disasters needs improving. |
C.Post-disaster reconstruction faces many difficulties. |
D.Volcanic eruptions have a great effect on global climate. |