Modern graffiti began in big cities in the United States in the 1970s. In New York, young people wrote their names, or 'tags', in pen on walls around the city.
One of the first 'taggers' was a teenager called Demetrius. His tag was TAKI 183. He wrote his tag on walls and in stations in New York. He did it just for fun and he had never imagined his behavior would have launched an amazing art campaign. Other teenagers saw Demetrius's tag and started writing their tags too. Soon, there were tags on walls, buses and trains all over New York.
Then, some teenagers started writing their tags with aerosol paint. Their tags were bigger and more colourful. Aerosol paint graffiti became very popular in the 1970s and 1980s. It appeared on trains, buses and walls around the world.
In the 1990s and 2000s, a lot of graffiti artists started painting pictures. Some artists' pictures were about politics. Other artists wanted to make cities beautiful and painted big, colorful pictures on city walls.
In some countries, writing or painting on walls is a crime. Sometimes, graffiti artists have problems with the police. In other countries, artists can draw and paint in certain places. For example, in Taiwan, there are 'graffiti zones' where artists can paint on walls. In São Paulo in Brazil, street artists can paint pictures on walls and houses. Their pictures are colorful and beautiful. Some tourists visit São Paulo just to see the street art!
In Bristol in the UK, there is a street art festival in August every year. Artists paint all the buildings in a street. Lots of people come to watch the artists and take photos. You can see exhibitions of street art in some galleries too. There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries in Paris, London and Los Angeles.
1. How did graffiti probably begin in New York?| A．An artist drew a picture on the wall. |
| B．An art campaign about graffiti was held. |
| C．A teenager wrote his tag on walls and in stations. |
| D．Many teenagers gave out tags on buses and trains. |
| A．The tags-writing has grown into a form of art. |
| B．Aerosol paint graffiti is the most popular type. |
| C．Street art is sure to attract more people in the future. |
| D．Street artists prefer to communicate with others online. |
| A．indicate they were tired of the political life |
| B．help beautify the city they are living in |
| C．change people’s outdated art values |
| D．encourage the teenagers to love arts |
| A．A young man with artistic ideas. |
| B．The development of street art. |
| C．Why people like street art. |
| D．How to become a street artist. |
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【推荐1】There is an old saying in China that goes.”The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.”The “Sanjiu period”，which is in Minor Cold(小寒)，refers to the third nine-day period the 19th to the 27th day after the day of the winter solstice(冬至) There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.
Eating hotpot
During Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather.Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton(炖羊肉) with soy sauce.But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.
Eating huangyacai
In Tianjin，there is a custom to have huangyacai，a kind of Chinese cabbage，during Minor Cold.There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai.As huangyacai is fresh and tender.it is fit for frying，roasting and stewing.
Eating glutinous rice(糯米饭)
According to tradition，the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold.Cantonese add some fried preserved(腌制的)pork，sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.
Eating vegetable rice
In ancient times，people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously，but as time went by，the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared.However，the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today.The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious.Among the ingredients，aijiaohuang(a kind of green vegetable)，sausages and salted ducks are the specialties in Nanjing.
1. What do we know about Minor Cold？| A．It lasts twenty-seven days. |
| B．It marks the first day of winter. |
| C．It refers to the winter solstice. |
| D．The Sanjiu period is in Minor Cold. |
| A．Eating hotpot. |
| B．Buying cabbage. |
| C．Having huangyacai |
| D．Having vitamins and B pills. |
| A．They fry and toast it. |
| B．They eat it for dinner. |
| C．They steam it with soy sauce. |
| D．They mix it with many other things. |
| A．travel | B．culture | C．fashion | D．science |
【推荐2】The Spring Festival is the most important celebration in China. There are some interesting Spring Festival traditions about Don’ts & Dos. Let’s take a look!
Don’t take out the rubbish
Taking out the rubbish, on that day, is said to stand for sweeping luck and wealth from the house.
Don’t give a watch or clock as a gift
A clock is an unpopular gift at any time of the year in China, as the phrase “giving a clock” sounds exactly like the Chinese words for “song zhong”.
During the festive period, you’ll see amazing decorations all over China, and your house should be no exception.
Popular decorations include red lanterns driving away bad luck, door couplets showing wishes for the coming year, and the character(fu) meaning good fortune.
Give hongbao or fruit
Hongbao, or a red envelope containing money, is a popular gift for adults to give children.
Fruit, especially tangerines or kumquats, are safe for friends.| A．Wear red for luck |
| B．As red is a lucky color |
| C．Make your house attractive |
| D．Spring Festival is a time for delicious food |
| E．A clock also stands for running out of time |
| F．You will often see them on the table during the Lunar New Year |
| G．In fact, cleaning any kind of thing on the first day of the lunar calendar is considered unlucky |
【推荐3】The first time I went to France, I was shocked by the cultural differences in daily routines and manners. Born and brought up in Britain, I used to believe that we share the same cultural manners with our European neighbour. But how wrong I was!
The most challenging difference for me was the food and eating time. After one month of living here, I still got strange looks as I ate my homemade sandwiches behind a computer screen while the other colleagues enjoyed a three-course meal in the canteen. They also had a two-hour "pause" which seemed to involve every employee in France. What's more, having evening meals at 6 pm was a common habit for people from the north of England, like me. Therefore, an evening meal at 9 pm was quite challenging for my stomach. After realising the fact that the local snacks were worth the wait, however, I quickly accustomed to this more relaxing way of life, which was hard to imagine before I came here.
Another aspect of French food and drink culture that I found hard to adapt to at first is the cafe culture. I am getting used to a quick espresso(浓咖啡 ), but deep down I have to admit that when catching up with an old friend, nothing suits more than a tall latte(1#)and a slice of homemade cake, preferably in a comfortable English tea room
Finally, there go greetings. At home I feel comfortable shaking someone's hand on the first meeting. So when I greeted a stranger with two kisses on the cheeks, I felt slightly out of my comfort zone. I do,though, appreciate this part of the French culture.
Being exposed to cultural differences is a unique experience which makes you appreciate your roots more and open your eyes to the diversity of the world.
1. What do we know about the food and eating time in France?| A．French people eat a quick lunch at work. |
| B．French people have a three-course meal in the evening. |
| C．French people usually eat evening meals at 6 pm. |
| D．An evening meal at 9 pm is quite common in France. |
| A．used | B．adapted | C．abandoned | D．refused |
| A．Comfortable . | B．Challenging but enriching . | C．Hard to adapt to. | D．Unworthy. |
