Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
1. What is the purpose of persuasion?| A．To advise somebody to support you. |
| B．To help someone have special skills. |
| C．To convince somebody to realize his aim. |
| D．To talk someone into being honest. |
| A．Pathos. | B．Ethos. |
| C．Logos. | D．Education. |
| A．Both prevent themselves from being hurt. |
| B．Both save people from terrible wars. |
| C．Both make the audience support them. |
| D．Both persuade people to donate money. |
| A．Convince the Audience. | B．Three Basic Tools of Persuasion |
| C．Believe Me. | D．Strength of Persuasion |
相似题推荐
1.
Considerate gift giving is as much about planning as it is about how well you know the person. Take time to think about his or her personality and interests to figure out how he or she will get the most value.
2. They don’t focus on cost.
The practice of thoughtful giving offers a wealth of benefits, but that doesn’t mean givers should focus on expensive gifts.
3. They make gifts personal.
Gifting is an opportunity to let a person know how much you appreciate and love him, and show how well you know him.
4. They think about the presentation.
| A．They plan ahead. |
| B．Instead, get creative. |
| C．They enjoy giving more than receiving. |
| D．In fact, thoughtful gift givers don’t concentrate on the cost of presents. |
| E．Thoughtful gift givers pay attention to detail, including how their gifts are packaged. |
| F．Make a list of your ideas ahead of time to make sure you find the perfect fit for everyone. |
| G．If you’re buying for someone who seems to have everything, consider gifting an experience. |
【推荐2】How to Help Kids Save Our Oceans and Be Environmental Heroes
The world’s oceans benefit us in many different ways. Yet, our oceans are being heavily polluted. We need clean and healthy oceans to protect our own health and to support future generations.
• Do a local clean-up
Beach, lake or river clean-ups are a great way to get children involved in keeping our environment free from rubbish.
• Reuse disposed (废弃的) items
A great way to get kids involved in recycling is to encourage them to find other uses for old items. Instead of throwing something away, help them turn it into art!
Local school children in Rome, Italy recently participated in a “Creating art from waste” workshop. The children took a trip to the local beach and were encouraged to pick up different types of rubbish that could be turned into artwork. “
• Reduce plastic use
More than 70 percent of the plastic we use does not get recycled, and a lot of this plastic waste is swept into our oceans.
Often, pre-packaged fruits and vegetables at supermarkets are a big source of single-use plastic. Getting kids interested in growing their own food is a fun and educational way to cut down on plastic and shorten supply chains of foods. Besides, educate kids to use as little plastic as possible.
•
Fish is an essential part of a balanced diet for many people across the globe.
Unsustainable fishing practices threaten the food security of these communities, both by taking away these marine (海洋的) resources but also by harming their livelihoods. You can help by eating fish that are rich in the sea.
| A．Fight against overfishing |
| B．Eat sustainably sourced fish |
| C．Even a local park will benefit from a clean-up. |
| D．Trash isn’t just trash, because you can create loads of things with it. |
| E．Cutting down on plastic is important if we are to protect our oceans. |
| F．Here are some simple ways to encourage children to protect our oceans. |
| G．Recycling plastic is an eco-friendly method to deal with plastic in landfill. |
【推荐3】Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however.
●Plan your time carefully. When you plan your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making the list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
Yet it will make you realize what is happening to your time.
● Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television!
● Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
●
There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
| A．A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems. |
| B．They help you remember your new knowledge. |
| C．Study regularly. |
| D．When you sit down to study, fix your mind on the subject. |
| E．Really listening in class means less work later. |
| F．Develop a good attitude towards tests. |
| G．Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. |
【推荐1】Ten originated in China over two thousand years ago. Today, the country owns over 2,000 varieties of tea, differing in taste, sweet and purpose. Some teas, such as Huang Shan, refresh the sense of taste with their special flavour, while others, such as spicy chai, are added with spices (香料).
China first started exporting tea during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), and the drink has since come to lead humanity's drinking habits far beyond Asia. It is the most widely consumed drink on Earth today, aside from water and coffee.
In Chinese mythology, tea was first discovered by Chinese Emperor Shennong (“Divine Farmer”) in 737 BC, when a soft wind carried some leaves into a pot of boiling water. However, the oldest dependable evidence comes from ancient plant remains found in 2016 in Xi'an and western Tibet, showing that tea was grown at least 2,100 years ago during the Western Han dynasty when it was most likely used as medicine.
Generation after generation of tea makers experimented with different brewing (冲泡) techniques, leaves, and ceremonies, resulting in today’s tea culture full of life. There’s no doubt that China’s tea culture has become one of the most popular, diverse, and unique traditions in the world.
China is already the world’s largest tea exporter. The inclusion of the country’s traditional tea-making process on the UNESCO list will obviously generate practical benefits for tea makers in the country and across the world as more resources are given to protect and preserve such millennia-old tea culture and technical practices. As additional attention is brought to this traditional technique, the Chinese tea sector will further tap its potential and improve its growth.
As one of China’s oldest cultural practices, traditional tea processing techniques show the spirit of modesty (谦逊), peace, and comity (礼让). No matter your preference for green or dark tea, with milk or without, Chinese tea isn’t just brews. Instead, it is a bridge connecting different cultures and peoples.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?| A．Chinese tea has a fresh taste. | B．Chinese tea has a rich variety. |
| C．Chinese tea has a long history. | D．Chinese tea is added with spices. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Objective. | C．Careless. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．Chinese Tea Benefits the Globe a Lot |
| B．Chinese Protect and Develop Its Tea Culture |
| C．Chinese Tea Is Included in the UNESCO List |
| D．China Plays a Vital Part in Cultural Diversity |
| A．A news report. | B．A book review. |
| C．A culture magazine. | D．A science fiction. |
【推荐2】The Global Heritage Fund,a nonprofit organization, aims to protect places of cultural importance in developing countries for the reason that these countries often have few resources to protect such places and that other major cultural organizations often pay more attention to protecting places in the developed world. For example, the UNESCO has 45 World Heritage places in Italy, 42 in Spain, but Peru, famous for its ancient Incan buildings, has only 9 World Heritage places. Guatemala has only 3.
The fund recently released a list of cultural treasures in the developing world that are in danger of disappearing. These places are important because they are records of our human civilization. Globalization has created an international culture that is about sameness. But the endangered places it is trying to protect represent the rich differences of human culture throughout history.
One of the fund's current projects is in Guatemala's (危地马拉) Mirador Basin, which contains several important examples of ancient Mayan settlements. The buildings are surrounded by forest.
Centuries of tree growth have covered the pyramids and religious buildings, which provide some of the finest examples of the early part of the Mayan civilization (玛雅文明). But this area is in danger from robbers and people cutting trees illegally. Also, over the past ten years, over 70% of the natural environment in the area has been destroyed by fires.
The fund has 3 goals for its Mirador project. One is helping the government obtain UNESCO recognition. Another is establishing permanent protection for the area. And the third is working to make the area a sustainable protected area within 10 years.
To meet these goals, money from the fund will go toward restoring the buildings of El Mirador and mapping and exploring newly discovered buildings. The fund is also paying to train local guides on how to stop theft and illegal tree-cutting. Educational programs are helping to give people in the area the skills they need to have jobs that do not endanger this protected area.
The Global Heritage Fund says we have a duty to the people of the past, present and future to make sure we do not lose these examples of human history. Every country, organization and individual can play a role in helping to protect this rich history.
1. Why does the Global Heritage fund focus on protecting cultural places in developing countries?| A．They are poor and often ignored. | B．They are more important to mankind. |
| C．They are attractive to tourists. | D．They are fascinating and dangerous. |
| A．Because we should create an international culture about sameness. |
| B．Because the developing world needs them to make money. |
| C．Because they can help speed up the process of globalization. |
| D．Because the rich differences of human culture should be preserved. |
| A．Sustainable protection. | B．National recognition. |
| C．Financial cooperation. | D．Employment promotion. |
| A．World Heritage in Danger. | B．The Global Heritage Fund. |
| C．Every Project Matters. | D．Every Individual Maers. |
【推荐3】Most of us get our earliest life lessons from fairy tales, like “True love can overcome anything”, and “Even a frog can turn into a prince”. However, at a certain age, we start to learn new things about life, particularly that love doesn't always win, and that a frog is just a frog. But somehow, our love for fairy tales never dies. Just look at animated films like The Lion King and Frozen, which have millions of fans, young and old.
“Fairy tales stay here because they are the stories of our lives in the simplest form,” wrote US author Laura Packer on the National Storytelling Network website. “They are stories of love and loss, desire and death, riches and ruin.” Fairy tales are all about reality. But if children only see just one side of reality, adults usually see the other.
For example, in the 2014 film Maleficent, we’re told the tale of Sleeping Beauty from the perspective (视角) of the evil queen. Unlike the children's version of the story, we see that the queen wasn’t born evil. Instead, she suffers great losses growing up, leading to the creation of her “evil” side.
It looks as if fairy tales aren’t just stories our parents read us at bedtime. They may usually start with “Once upon a time…”, but as we grow older, we learn that every story doesn’t always need a “Happily ever after” to be a good one.
1. Why do young children like fairy tales?| A．Because it is their parents that tell them. | B．Because tales involve love and wonder. |
| C．Because children are affected by them. | D．Because tales will become life lessons. |
| A．Fairy tales just tell us the wonderful side of the reality. |
| B．The tales about love and loss can attract more children. |
| C．Fairy tales exist forever because of their simplest style. |
| D．Different from kids, adults read tales from other angles. |
| A．To remind that parents should tell the fairy tales from the perspective of children. |
| B．To support the idea that adults are likely to associate the fairy tales with the reality. |
| C．To tell us the danger of the fairy tales if they are told from the perspective of adults. |
| D．To correct the impression that the queen is evil. |
| A．Objective | B．Critical | C．Disagreeable | D．Indifferent |
【推荐1】Did you ever wonder why you have no memory of when you were a baby or very young child?The question of why adults do not remember how they learned to walk or talk has long been a mystery.Researchers at Temple University in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania in the United States are looking into this question.
The study contained computer-based tests.The tests were designed to work like games.They were given to 32 four-year-olds,32 six-year-olds and 50 young adults.The tests measured the memory process that helps people recognize differences between experiences.For example:A walk with your dog when you saw a friend,and a different walk without your dog or when you did not see your friend.
The second test was showing the children and young adults taking the test a number of photographs.They were asked to compare the first group of photos with a second set of pictures.Sometimes,the two sets of photos were the same.But other times,they were different.
The results showed that in both tests,six-year-olds showed far better memory than four-year-olds.That might help explain why adults do not remember when they learned to walk or talk,but they do remember their third,fourth or fifth birthdays.
“We don’t have any memories in the first two years of life,and all of a sudden we’re able to form these memories for something going on in early childhood or middle childhood.That’s very interesting,”said Zoe Ngo.
Researchers said doing some research on the memory is of great value as doctors are trying to develop a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.People with the disease suffer memory loss.For some people,memory loss is just for recent events.People may not remember what they did that morning,but remember experiences from 50 years ago.But memory loss research is not limited to helping patients with Alzheimer’s disease.It could also help find ways to get better and more reliable information about how to improve people’s memory.
1. What do the researchers draw their attention to?| A．Why people fail to complete simple tasks. |
| B．Why people cannot recall their first few years of life. |
| C．Why people find it hard to learn special memory skills. |
| D．Why people have trouble forgetting past painful experiences. |
| A．To check how people remember differences in objects. |
| B．To explain why people have better memory than before. |
| C．To prove when people show interest in beautiful pictures. |
| D．To show where people would like to take different photos. |
| A．People are willing to share good old days. |
| B．People are likely to remember past special events. |
| C．People are afraid of getting unexpected bad results. |
| D．People are more concerned about their happy childhood. |
| A．The way to deal with memory loss. |
| B．The importance of memory research. |
| C．The possibility of collecting information. |
| D．The measures to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. |
【推荐2】Those concerned that robots are taking over the world can rest easy-for now. Though the androids have proved useful at performing ordinary tasks, they are not ready for prime time. At least that appears to be the case at Japan’s cutting-edge Henn-na Hotel chain where over half of the robot staff is being replaced by humans.
The first Henn-na Hotel opened in July 2015, where guests were greeted and checked-in by either a family-friendly English-speaking dinosaur robot or a Japanese-speaking humanoid. Autonomous robots stood ready to help guests carry luggage to their rooms, while a cute doll-shaped android called Churi, placed inside each room, provided them with information about nearby attractions. Even the hotel’s garbage cans were robotic.
Not surprisingly, the lodging, recognized in 2016 as the world’s first robot-staffed hotel by Guinness World Records, drew in curious visitors from all around the world.
But as the years have passed, the hotel’s main draw — its employees — are becoming less of a novelty (新颖) and more of a bother. Also as the robots are “aging”, they are costing more to repair and maintain. Earlier this month, the hotel chain’s parent company H. I. S. announced that it had decided to “fire” over half of the robot employees and replace them with humans. Among them are the chain’s two robot receptionists. In addition to scaring young guests, they are also unable to photocopy guests’ passports-a requirement when checking into a Japanese hotel--forcing human employees to step in each time. Also, out are the cute Churi robots, which have proved unable to answer even the simplest questions and annoyed guests by interrupting their conversations.
While this is a setback, the company’s officials are not discouraged. They plan to continue with their ambitious expansion plans and believe the human-robot interaction is a learning process.“When you actually use robots, you realize there are places where they aren’t needed.” said one of the officials.
1. What could robots in the first Henn-na Hotel do?| A．Offer guests traffic information. | B．Help guests pack their luggage. |
| C．Greet guests in English or Japanese. | D．Direct guests to check in at the front desk. |
| A．They cause trouble to customers. | B．They ignore instructions. |
| C．They annoy human employees. | D．They are beyond repair. |
| A．They think highly of their interaction with customers. |
| B．They are against the use of state-of-art equipment. |
| C．They plan to hire more cute Churi robots. |
| D．They’ve realized the limitations of robots. |
| A．Robot Employees-Ready for Prime Time |
| B．Japanese Hotel Chain Expands Ambitiously |
| C．Robot Employees-a New Novelty for Hotels |
| D．Japanese Hotel Chain “Fires” Robot Employees |
【推荐3】The spirit of Christmas isn’t always so cheerful. Here are four unusual and a little scary Christmas traditions from around the world.
1.Guatmala: Burning devils
In order to make houses free from bad spirits for the New Year, Guatemalans do a full house clean in December. The dirt and dust is gathered from every home and each neighborhood creates a large amount of garbage. A devil statue is built and placed on top of the dirt, and burned. The bad luck is said to burn up with the devil.
2.South Africa: Don’t eat Santa’s cookies
To keep kids from stealing on Santa’s cookies, parents tell children a story about a story named Danny who ate all of Santa’s cookies and really angered his grandmother. She killed him and now his ghost visits houses during Christmas time.
3.Iceland: Fear the Yule Cat
Children who don’t receive new clothes by Christmas Eve will be eaten by the Yule Cat, a large and angry cat, which is said to hide in the snow. The strange tradition comes from farmers who used the myth to encourage their workers to finish making the autumn wool before Christmas.
4.Ukraine: A spooky tree
If you find yourself in Ukraine around the holidays, you may be wondering: Is it Christmas or Halloween? Trees here are decorated with artificial spider webs and decorative spiders. The unusual tradition comes from a story where a spider wove a web around the tree of a poor family. When morning came, the white strands turned to precious metals and the family became rich. The webs today show good fortune for the next year.
1. To celebrate the New Year, what will people do in Guatemala?| A．Build a devil statue. | B．Show their respects to the devil statue. |
| C．Clean their houses. | D．Move to new houses. |
| A．Guatemala | B．South Africa | C．Iceland | D．Ukraine |
| A．The Yule Cat usually hides in the grass. |
| B．All the children will receive new clothes on Christmas. |
| C．New clothes are popular Christmas presents for children in Iceland |
| D．The Yule Cat would eat the farmers who don’t finish their work on time |
| A．Spiders are pretty insects. | B．Webs of spiders are suitable for decoration. |
| C．Spiders always help poor family out of pity. | D．Spiders are believed to bring good fortune. |
【推荐1】In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Jonses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they _______.| A．want to be as rich as their neighbors | B．want to be happy |
| C．don’t want others to know they are rich | D．want others to know or to think that they are rich |
| A．live outside New York City | B．live in New York city |
| C．live in apartments | D．have many neighbors |
| A．an important name | B．a popular name in the United States |
| C．his neighbor’s name | D．not a good name |
| A．impossible | B．interesting | C．correct | D．good |
| A．Objective | B．Positive | C．Negative | D．Supportive |
【推荐2】In Europe, many people make friends between their countries through town twinning. Town or city twinning means two towns in different countries agree and decide to become “twins” with a sister city relationship.
The people find pen friends in the twin town. They exchange newspapers and stamps. The school teachers discuss teaching methods with the teachers in the twin town.Officials visit the twin town for celebrations.Ordinary people travel to the twin town,too,but not very often if it is far away.
Sometimes,schools even exchange their classes for two or three weeks! For example, German middle school students study for a while at the school in their twin town in Britain, staying with British families. A few months later, their British friends come to study in Germany.
Many British towns are so pleased with the results of the twinning that they set out to find more than one twin town!
Tonbridge, a small town in Kent, for example, has twin towns in both Germany and France. Richmond near London has relationships with Germany, France and even a town in a Balkan country!
Town twinning can help make friends. It helps students improve their language skills,and also helps people to understand the differences between nations.
1. Twin towns develop .| A．between European countries and China | B．in the English-speaking countries only |
| C．in the same country | D．between different countries |
| A．4. | B．5. | C．6. | D．7. |
| A．to earn more money | B．to set up schools |
| C．to improve students’ language skills | D．to develop industry and agriculture |
| A．Town Twinning | B．Friendly Towns |
| C．Exchanging Teachers and Students | D．Peace and Understanding |
【推荐3】Born in 1956 in Detroit, Michigan, Robert Wyland began his career in painting at the age of three. With a few cans of house paint found under the kitchen sink, he painted his first mural（壁画），dinosaurs, on the headboard of his parents’ bed.
Today you never know where you might find Wyland, but chances are that you will have to look up. This painter, sculptor, and muralist now paints giant-sized murals of sea animals on much larger canvases（画布）: walls and ceilings of hotels and other buildings, and even the outside of a stadium.
His project, the Whaling Walls, began in 1981 when Wyland painted a life-sized mural of a gray whale（鲸） and her baby on the side of a hotel in Laguna Beach, California. His goal was to paint one hundred whaling walls, which has been achieved. Painting so many murals would be a huge project for any artist, but the size of these murals is what has really made this a giant task.
How does Wyland go about creating such huge lifelike murals? Wyland says he relies on what he calls his “mind’s eye”. He explains that through his mind’s eye he can look at a blank canvas and form a picture of the finished mural in his mind.
To cover such large areas, Wyland, who is afraid of heights, depends on scaffolding（脚手架） to help him move around and produce his murals. But unlike most artists who can step back to survey their work, Wyland has to rely mostly on his memory.
For accuracy in his artwork, Wyland spends as much time underwater as he does painting. He dives to study his subjects and learn more about them in their natural environment. Through his artwork, Wyland hopes to inspire people to care more about our oceans and to respect and protect the life within them. The whales he works so hard to protect may not know it , but Wyland might just be the best friend a whale could have.
1. Where did Wyland paint his first mural?| A．In a hotel. | B．In the open air. |
| C．In his parents’ bedroom. | D．In the kitchen of his home. |
| A．His eyesight. | B．His memory. |
| C．His enthusiasm. | D．His imagination. |
| A．Wyland may be whale’s best friend. | B．Wyland is good at painting whales. |
| C．Wyland may know whales very well. | D．Wyland tries his best to protect the ocean. |
| A．100 Whaling Walls | B．The Prince of Whale |
| C．Look up, Enjoy the Murals | D．Never Stop, Follow Your Dream |
