Climbing Without Ropes
The popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a network of safety ropes, but it is not the only kind. Many climbers now enjoy bouldering. It’s more accessible and better for the environment.
What is bouldering? Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes. | ||
Why boulder? • improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics • places to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to find • less time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing • intellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problems | Bouldering Terms crimp: a very small handhold foothold: a place where one may place a foot to aid in climbing boulder jug: a very large handhold that is easy to use problem: The path up a boulder is referred to as the “problem” that one must solve. The “solution” is the sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder. |
Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem.
Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The left one appears easier because it has a jug within easy reach, but look what happens if she chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is even more difficult than going up.
Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. Using a foothold and placing her right hand in a crimp, she is able to lift herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.
1. According to the passage, bouldering ________.
A.is an indoor sport | B.has no safety protection |
C.needs maps and equipment | D.is a steep cliff climbing |
A.it challenges the limits | B.it costs less |
C.it builds minds and bodies | D.it is a team game |
A.a shortcut | B.a dead end |
C.tough but to the top | D.lined with jugs |
A.a book review | B.a science report |
C.a newspaper advertisement | D.a sports magazine |
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【推荐1】To anyone else, it was just a simple white cotton bag, but to me, it was a canvas(油画布) for my latest masterpiece. I laid it flat on the six-foot-long wooden table in my kitchen. With one hand I held down a corner of the bag and with the other I dipped my brush in the paint and touched it to the canvas; slowly an image took shape, waves crashing on a sandy beach, seagulls flying above, fishing for a meal. I put down my brush and rubbed my neck. It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
And my friends and family loved the bags. "I get tons of praise for mine," my mother-in-law told me. "People are always asking where they can buy one." Those weren't quite the honor I'd dreamed of when I first picked up a paintbrush as a kid. I used to aim higher. I wanted my work to appear in the Louvre Museum in Paris, right next to the Mona Lisa. But even then, I knew what a wild dream it was.
My parents encouraged my interest, and paid for art lessons. In high school, I joined an art club and showed my work along with other local artists in an exhibition. I started college, majored in fine art and took classes in drawing and design. But the farthest I ever traveled was New York City. The Louvre might as well have been on another planet.
Then things changed. I met and fell in love with Charlie. After we got married, I took a break from art. Making a home together was more important. Art supplies didn't fit into our budget.
When I finally picked up a brush again, I was rusty. I tried a landscape but it was flat. Things in the foreground were the same size as in the background. I'd lost the ability. I threw down my brush in frustration. Maybe I'd never really had any talent at all. Forget the Louvre, my work wasn't good enough to hang in our living room. Charlie turned me around. "You have a talent," he told me. "Keep painting." He helped me find room in our budget for paints and brushes. One day, walking through town, I spotted some giant white shells in a store window. What an interesting canvas they could be! I bought a few and began painting them. In Savannah, there was no shortage of inspiration. Charlie took some of my pieces into the electric company where he worked. He came home with the proudest smile. "They want to order them for their wives." he told me.
Lately I'd been painting these bags. It wasn't a money-making project—I barely covered the cost of materials. But seeing others appreciate my art made me feel good. This one, the beach scene, was going to a friend of my mother-in-law's. When it dried, I brought it over to my mother-in-law. "I just know my friend will love it," she said.
Several months later my mother-in-law's friend called me. I'd moved on to other projects and I'd nearly forgotten what I'd made for her, "I went to Paris," she said. “And I brought your bag with me. I have to tell you about the Louvre," she continued. "For two hours, we wandered the museum. Delacroix, Michelangelo, the Venus de Milo, there was so much to see, and of course, the Mona Lisa. But every few minutes, somebody stopped me.' Where did you get that bag? ' they asked. Some folks thought I'd bought it in the gift shop there! I had to tell them it was a Cindy Barnwell original.
Today I'm painting an 11- by-14-inch canvas of bunnies picking flowers, to go in a friend's baby nursery. It may not be a da Vinci, but that doesn't matter. This world was made for artists. I'm convinced of that. And my gift is to share that beauty, any way I can.
1. Why did the author refer to the cotton bag in the beginning?A.To show her passion for painting. | B.To stress the difficulty of painting. |
C.To indicate the benefit of painting. | D.To prove her creativity for painting. |
A.Lack of talent. | B.Lack of money. |
C.Lack of inspiration. | D.Lack of encouragement. |
A.Contemporary painters, art exhibition. |
B.Others' praise for the author's paintings. |
C.The author's lifelong ambition. |
D.The author's dream travel destination. |
A.Her husband. | B.Her own parents. |
C.Her mother-in-law. | D.Her mother-in-law's friend. |
A.She didn't stop painting all her life. | B.She applied her painting to charity. |
C.She made no profit in painting the bags. | D.She was the best at painting the beach scene. |
A.The author built a famous bag brand. |
B.The author's bag sold very well in London. |
C.The author's bag drew senior painters' attention. |
D.The author realized her dream in a surprising way. |
【推荐2】A hobby is an investment of time. It also can be an investment of money and commitment. Many people choose to develop more than one type of hobby.
Hobbies are usually an activity of some sort that brings out a certain skill that you have. When you have a talent like painting or woodworking , it can be easy to determine which hobby suits your skill .
Some people particularly enjoy taking part in hobbies that they can do in a group with others. It can be a lot more fun to become a member of a hobby group than to sit alone in your basement.
Hobbies are generally an activity that you undertake because of the joy it brings you. Of course many people have discovered the joy that also come with a hobby that earns you a living.
A.Look for one or start your own. |
B.However, hobbies don’t have to be skill-related . |
C.Make a list of things that you enjoy or don’t know about. |
D.Read hobby books to learn more about your chosen hobby! |
E.It can be necessary to select the hobby that is right for you. |
F.Most hobbies can easily be done within your own home, at your leisure. |
G.Whether it’s full-time or part-time or neither, you must decide whether your hobby applies to you. |
【推荐3】Rock climbing is the kind of sport you either love or you’re simply not interested in. For those who love it, there is great personal satisfaction.
You don’t have to climb Mount Qomolangma to enjoy the sport of rock climbing.
If you think you may be interested in rock climbing, start by reading books or rock climbing publications.
If you’re passionate about rock climbing, you’ll want to find others who share your love of this sport. Ask about groups or clubs at a local rock climbing gym or search the Internet.
A.There are many options. |
B.Rock climbing isn’t for everyone. |
C.Rock climbing has gained popularity in recent years. |
D.Rock climbing involves both physical and mental challenges. |
E.The more you learn, the more you’ll want to know and share! |
F.Most of all, you need time and commitment to learn the skills. |
G.There are many books available that outline the basics of rock climbing. |
【推荐1】Spending time outdoors, especially in green space, is an effective way to improve your health and happiness. It’s been shown to lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate while encouraging physical activity and keeping mood and mental health.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows how little time it takes to get the benefits of being in the park Spending just 30 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research.
For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks, over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate the score of subjective well-being before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes and well-being scores rose during the park visit in 90% of people. “People may go to the park and just enjoy nature. They relax and reduce stress, and then feel more happy.” study co-author Hon Yuen says.
It is for all of these reasons that the medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a great place where their patients can obtain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions for it. By writing nature prescriptions — alongside medical prescriptions, when necessary — physicians are encouraging their patients to go outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. He said, “It’s about making a positive choice in their life rather than a discouraging choice like ‘they’re sick; take a pill. It just seems so much more supportive.”
1. What can we learn from the study?A.Park visit increases our life satisfaction. |
B.The length of park visit affects our health. |
C.Outdoor activity improves our blood pressure. |
D.Physical activity increases our mental health. |
A.Supportive. | B.Conservative. | C.Uncaring. | D.Tolerant. |
A.To force patients to make a choice. |
B.To make patients free from medicine. |
C.To encourage patients to see physicians. |
D.To benefit patients physically and mentally. |
A.Outdoor Satisfaction | B.Outdoor Benefits |
C.Park Visit for Fun | D.Love for Parks |
【推荐2】According to research, about 21.5 million American children between the ages of six and seventeen are involved (参与的) in a team sport.
A 2006 report shows that taking up sports can increase both emotional and behavioral well-being in teenagers. And increased well-being can lead to higher confidence, which results in better overall performance.
Actually, sports give children an opportunity to communicate with adults in valuable and positive ways, which can help them develop closer relationships with adults. This effect is especially great when children don’t get along well with their family members.
Although most effects of sports on children are good, there can be disadvantages. If the pressure to win is overemphasized (过分强调) or the expectations of parents or coaches become too great, kids may experience lots of stress.
A.Being physically fit is linked to having a higher IQ. |
B.They may take part in sports for fun or to develop some skills. |
C.However, children hardly play sports when they become older. |
D.It can cause worries, headaches, stomach aches, and muscle pain. |
E.For example, children involved in sports are likely to do well in their studies. |
F.Organized sports require children to work together to achieve a common goal. |
G.Many children say sports have helped increase their conversations with parents. |
【推荐3】On Us TV shows, you may sometimes see rubber balls on people’s desks. These balls are known as “stress relief balls”. People can squeeze them when they feel stressed out. It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing, they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China.
And today, we have many gadgets (小器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls. One example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺).
A.This helped them relax as well. |
B.These gadgets may look like simple toys. |
C.It keeps your hand busy with an easy task. |
D.This is the only way to ease away your tension. |
E.Indeed, stress is a big problem for many people. |
F.A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day. |
G.Back in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), soldiers used walnuts to get rid of stress. |