【推荐2】Miwa Sado is a Japanese journalist who died in 2013 after working too hard. Her case became _______this week after labor inspectors published a detailed _______.

The journalist worked 160 hours of overtime a month and then died of heart failure at home. She was working _______for Japan’s public broadcaster NHK, which is Japan's largest broadcasting _______. At the time of her death she was gathering information on a Tokyo _______for the next governor.

The death of Sado is expected to make the Japanese government more _______of the health risks _______in working too much. According to a survey, about one _______five workers risk a critical(严重的) health condition because of too _______work. Now the government wants to ________overtime to a maximum of 100 hours a month and ________companies that do not obey.

In another case ________became known, 24-year old Matsuri Takahashi, killed herself in 2015 after suffering from ________and working long hours for a Japanese advertising agency.

Japanese employees, ________, work more hours than anywhere else in the western world. They also ________only a third of the holidays they are entitled to. Many Japanese work hard in order to show that they are loyal(忠诚的) to their ________. In 2016, two thousand Japanese workers killed themselves due to stress and ________. Many others died from stress-related diseases, ________from heart attacks and high blood pressure. The Japanese ________such work-related deaths as karoshi(过劳死).

We can conclude from above that too much work does ________stress and illnesses. Therefore, the Japanese government has launched a campaign encouraging people to enjoying their holidays.

1.

A．uncertain

B．suspected

C．confused

D．public

2.

A．report

B．book

C．headline

D．scheme

3.

A．unwilling

B．wholeheartedly

C．secretly

D．severely

4.

A．hospital

B．school

C．community

D．organization

5.

A．motivation

B．instruction

C．election

D．position

6.

A．afraid

B．aware

C．demanding

D．guilty

7.

A．involved

B．investigated

C．concluded

D．assisted

8.

A．of

B．in

C．to

D．on

9.

A．little

B．few

C．much

D．many

10.

A．limit

B．assess

C．suspect

D．submit

11.

A．honour

B．praise

C．reward

D．fine

12.

A．that

B．where

C．when

D．whose

13.

A．violence

B．loneliness

C．unemployment

D．stress

14.

A．in conclusion

B．on average

C．after all

D．above all

15.

A．connect

B．convince

C．consume

D．control

16.

A．teachers

B．friends

C．companies

D．parents

17.

A．overview

B．overwork

C．overweight

D．overflow

18.

A．suffering

B．keeping

C．hearing

D．resulting

19.

A．expose to

B．depend on

C．link to

D．look on

20.

A．expose

B．make

C．cause

D．reduce

【推荐1】Washoe is a young chimpanzee (黑猩猩). She is no ____ chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research ____ her. They want to see how civilized (驯化) she can ____ .Already she does many things a human being can do.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange ____ with people. The scientists are teaching her ____ language. When she wants to be picked ____ , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs (擦) her teeth with her finger ____ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been ____ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a ____ with food hanging from the ceiling (天花板). It was too high to ____ .After she considered the ____ , she got a tall box to stand ____. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a ____ pole (杆子). Then she climbed onto the ____ , grasped the pole, and ____ down the food with the pole.
Washoe ____ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully-furnished (家具齐全的) house. After a hard ____ in the laboratory, she goes home. ____ she plays with her toys. She ____ enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to ____ more about people by studying our closest relative (亲属) — chimpanzee.1.

A．foolish

B．ordinary

C．special

D．simple

2.

A．for

B．by

C．to

D．on

3.

A．experience

B．change

C．develop

D．become

4.

A．actions

B．views

C．messages

D．feelings

5.

A．sign

B．human

C．spoken

D．foreign

6.

A．out

B．at

C．on

D．up

7.

A．when

B．until

C．since

D．while

8.

A．raised

B．trained

C．ordered

D．led

9.

A．cave

B．zoo

C．room

D．museum

10.

A．pull

B．see

C．eat

D．reach

11.

A．problem

B．position

C．food

D．ceiling

12.

A．by

B．on

C．up

D．with

13.

A．straight

B．strong

C．long

D．big

14.

A．wall

B．box

C．ceiling

D．pole

15.

A．knocked

B．picked

C．took

D．shook

16.

A．lives

B．acts

C．thinks

D．plays

17.

A．task

B．lesson

C．day

D．time

18.

A．Here

B．There

C．So

D．Then

19.

A．quite

B．already

C．even

D．still

20.

A．watch

B．pick

C．gain

D．learn

【推荐2】Would you rather watch a new movie or an old favorite? Would you rather order a dish you have never had at a restaurant, or ________ with something you know you will like? Researchers studying the “mere-exposure effect (曝光效应)” have found that we often prefer the familiar over the ________.

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc published a landmark paper on the mere exposure effect. His hypothesis (假说) was that simply being exposed to something on a ________ basis was enough to make people like that thing. To test this, Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud. He ________ how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetition). Next, participants were asked to decide how positive or negative they thought the meaning of the word was. Zajonc found participants ________ words that they had said more often, while words that participants hadn’t read at all were rated more negatively, and words that had been read 25 times were rated highest.

In the decades since Zajonc published his paper on the mere exposure effect, researchers have ________ several theories to explain why the effect happens. One of them is that mere exposure makes us feel less uncertain. We tend to be ________ around new things, since they could be dangerous. However, when we see the same thing over and over and nothing bad happens, we start to realize that there’s nothing to be afraid of. ________, the mere exposure effect occurs because we feel more positively about something familiar compared to something that is new and potentially dangerous.

________, mere exposure increases what psychologists call “perceptual fluency (知觉流畅性)”, which is based on the idea that, when we’ve seen something before, it’s easier for us to understand and interpret it. Think about, ________, the experience of watching a complex film. The first time you watch the film, you might find yourself struggling to ________ what’s happening and who the characters are. However, if you watch the movie a second time, the ________ and plot will be more familiar to you: psychologists would say that you ________ more perceptual fluency on the second viewing.

While psychologists are still debating what causes the mere exposure effect, it seems that having been previously exposed to something can ________ how we feel about it. And it may explain why, at least sometimes, we tend to ________ things that are already familiar to us.

1.

A．exchange

B．stick

C．identify

D．connect

2.

A．new

B．popular

C．favorite

D．unique

3.

A．positive

B．temporary

C．short-term

D．repeated

4.

A．restricted

B．determined

C．concluded

D．varied

5.

A．studied

B．spelt

C．liked

D．chose

6.

A．changed

B．suggested

C．concealed

D．traded

7.

A．cautious

B．curious

C．conscious

D．adventurous

8.

A．On the other hand

B．After all

C．In other words

D．As a result

9.

A．However

B．Consequently

C．Additionally

D．Therefore

10.

A．by comparison

B．without doubt

C．in reality

D．for example

11.

A．take charge of

B．keep track of

C．make use of

D．get rid of

12.

A．effects

B．struggles

C．characters

D．concepts

13.

A．analyzed

B．defined

C．discovered

D．experienced

14.

A．change

B．interpret

C．promote

D．illustrate

15.

A．support

B．prefer

C．deliver

D．notice

【推荐3】People come in all shapes and sizes. They also come with different personalities. One’s personality can be summed up in a _______. People might say Harry is shy and that Shannon is outgoing. _______, personalities are more complex than this. A closer look at personalities will show you why they are not so _______, and you will also discover that your personality can be shaped if you make the _______.

Every person feels the same basic _______, such as fear, happiness, anxiety and pain, yet each _______ them individually. When Kara’s grandmother died, _______, her sorrow was expressed through tears. Another person might show the same kind of sorrow in a quiet way. _______, when you hear a piece of good news, you may jump up with joy and may immediately _______ to throw a party for your classmates and friends to ________ your happiness and joy; another person may just keep the good news to himself or herself and just enjoy the happiness ________. As you observe how people behave, you start to form a ________of this part of their personality.

People are also ________ in how they relate to others. This shows the social side of their personality. Some people prefer the ________ of others rather than being alone. We say they are sociable. Others are just the opposite. Most people want some combination of the two.

Intellectual traits (智力特征) are the third part of personality. These qualities are influenced by the mind and ____________ it works. One person may prefer spending his spare time in deep thought. Another may be more creative. Jake, for example, often has people in his class laughing. He sees humor in almost everything and is able to express it in ________ ways.

The emotional, social, and intellectual traits of personality become obvious to others ________ behavior. Usually you need to get to know a person well enough ________ you can discover the full depth of that person’s personality.

Personalities make people interesting. How ________ it would be if everyone had the same personality! Are you satisfied with your personality? Or is there something that you would like to ________? Most people have at least some personality adjustments they would like to make.

1.

A．word

B．sentence

C．phrase

D．paragraph

2.

A．Exactly

B．Obviously

C．Actually

D．Particularly

3.

A．difficult

B．complex

C．personal

D．simple

4.

A．sense

B．effort

C．difference

D．progress

5.

A．needs

B．emotions

C．skills

D．methods

6.

A．responds to

B．comes across

C．looks through

D．connects with

7.

A．in fact

B．for example

C．on the whole

D．as a result

8.

A．Gradually

B．Similarly

C．Constantly

D．Generally

9.

A．realize

B．know

C．think

D．decide

10.

A．bring

B．find

C．share

D．celebrate

11.

A．calmly

B．secretly

C．happily

D．silently

12.

A．standard

B．impression

C．picture

D．system

13.

A．similar

B．easy

C．important

D．different

14.

A．company

B．support

C．companion

D．kindness

15.

A．when

B．how

C．why

D．where

16.

A．embarrassing

B．encouraging

C．entertaining

D．exciting

17.

A．over

B．with

C．from

D．through

18.

A．after

B．when

C．before

D．if

19.

A．boring

B．interesting

C．satisfying

D．tiring

20.

A．remain

B．keep

C．leave

D．change

【推荐2】In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, _______ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the _______ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.

Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into _______ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to _______.

There are many different ways used to _______ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, _______ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend _______ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to _______ periodically.

Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can _______ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ________ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a ________ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of ________loneliness.

Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the ________ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ________, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals ________creative activities.

1.

A．type

B．concern

C．consequence

D．evidence

2.

A．withdrawal

B．absence

C．disappearance

D．presence

3.

A．informal

B．uncertain

C．relevant

D．unfamiliar

4.

A．turn to

B．interact with

C．long for

D．share with

5.

A．release

B．observe

C．monitor

D．treat

6.

A．reversing

B．directing

C．measuring

D．pursuing

7.

A．long-term

B．sightseeing

C．patient

D．group

8.

A．quit

B．evolve

C．switch

D．exercise

9.

A．confirm

B．protest

C．enhance

D．ease

10.

A．socializing

B．interfering

C．comparing

D．coping

11.

A．historic

B．restorative

C．decisive

D．permanent

12.

A．promoting

B．enhancing

C．reducing

D．striving

13.

A．creative

B．musical

C．artistic

D．poetic

14.

A．however

B．therefore

C．rather

D．otherwise

15.

A．restricted to

B．engaged in

C．concerned about

D．altered by