At home and at work, invisible radio waves from dozens of wireless networks are running through your space and body. It’s reasonable to worry about what effect all that wireless energy might have on your health.
But while the wireless equipment is becoming popular recently, the kind of radiation they produce has been carefully examined for decades, says John Moulder, a professor from the Medical College of Wisconsin. In 2013, Moulder wrote a report about the existing health research on Wi-Fi. Like your mobile phone, Wi-Fi routers（路由器）send and receive information using radio waves, he says.
The research on radio waves and human health goes back at least to the 1950s, when there were concerns about Navy servicemen being exposed（暴露）to powerful shipboard radar（雷达）. “We have 50 or 60 years of research into the kind of radiation connected with Wi-Fi,” Moulder says.
Foster was Moulder’s partner on that 2013 report of Wi-Fi's health effects. He says that, based on our understanding of radio wave strengths and risks, world health organizations have set safety standards for all the equipment that gives off radio waves—from phones to microwaves.
But some experts have more concerns about the types of weak radiation our wireless equipment produces. “We have animal studies suggesting even low-level exposures to the kind of radio wave radiation connected with Wi-Fi could have various negative health effects,” says Joel Moskowitz, a professor from the University of California.
Earlier this year, an animal study found heavy exposures to cell phone radiation increased rats’ risks for some brain and heart problems. But many of these animal studies are “all over the place” in their design quality, Foster says. Animal research often does not translate to humans. Also, many of the experiments are quite worrying, for the levels of radiation that the tested animals received are far greater than what people suffer when using mobile phones or wireless networks.
Moskowitz doesn’t disagree with Moulder. But he says the amount of radio wave radiation people receive today is different, and this raises new concerns. When it comes to our long-term, increasing exposures to all our wireless equipment, “we’re flying blind,” he says.
Of course, trying to avoid radio wave exposure is more or less impossible if you live in modern society. Moskowitz advises keeping wireless equipment away from your body and turning off wireless networks when they’re not in use. While any health risks are yet to be proved, “I think trying to minimize exposure is the best advice at this point,” Moskowitz adds.
1. What can be inferred from what John Moulder and Kenneth Foster say?| A．The study of Wi-Fi dates back to the 1950s. |
| B．There is no need to worry about the use of Wi-Fi. |
| C．People take risks when using phones and microwaves. |
| D．Navy servicemen near radar were in great danger. |
| A．Many studies on animals can be seen here and there. |
| B．The design quality of animal research is far from scientific. |
| C．The conditions set for animal studies are similar to those of humans. |
| D．Human beings suffer from stronger radiation than the tested animals. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Uncaring. |
| C．Positive. | D．Curious. |
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【推荐1】As the UK personal debt breaks the one trillion pound mark, four people talked to Channel 9 News Online about debt.
Brian
I see the government says it wants to encourage small businesses. What a joke! The whole financial system is in favour of the big boys and they always just want to protect their interests. My gardening business had cash-flow problems last year, which I meant I needed a temporary loan to pay my staff. My bank just refused point blank to extend my credit. My business ended up going to the wall. Now I open the paper today and I see some cable company is negotiating with the banks to restructure £12 billion of debt. There’s no justice.
Lizzie
My parents had problems with debt, which meant I couldn’t get a credit card before I left home and I believe I wouldn’t get one when I did leave home. But then you get out into the big bad world and you’re just surrounded by temptation. A few years ago, I was persuaded to celebrate New Year in Egypt. I took out a loan to pay for the holiday and cover my expenses and then I got a credit ‘just for emergencies’. The next thing I knew I’d spent £3,000 on the card. I tried to deal with the debt by transferring the money onto another credit card, but by then I’d got into the habit of spending and I ran up a debt on that card too. Over the next two or three years, things just got completely out of hand, and now I’m £38,000 in debt.
Malcolm
All that ‘never a borrower nor a lender be’ stuff is all just rubbish, if you ask me. There isn’t a successful businessman in the world who hasn’t had to borrow money to either get started or to expand. If you worry about what you owe, if you let it play on your mind, you’ll never take the risks you need to take in order to be successful.
Angela
We borrowed a few thousand pounds off my parents-in-law to buy our house and now I just wish we hadn’t. It’s just something they constantly hold over us and it’s caused a lot of problems --- like last year when we said we weren’t going to stay at Christmas. My mother-in-law got all upset saying ‘You’re so ungrateful. All the things we’ve done for you and you just throw it back in our faces.’
1. What are the four people mainly talking about?| A．Their plans to pay off the debt. | B．Their objection to the personal debt. |
| C．Their opinions on the personal debt. | D．Their reasons for being burdened with debt. |
| A．Brian | B．Lizzie | C．Malcolm | D．Angela |
| A．Brian thinks there will be a promising market for small businesses. |
| B．Lizzie thinks being unable to resist the temptation is to blame for her debt. |
| C．Malcolm thinks most successful businesswomen are worried about their debt. |
| D．Angela thinks it will be wiser to borrow money from relatives than from banks. |
【推荐2】These days, it’s not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It’s becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.
What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults’ nostalgia (怀旧之情)for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.
Businesses have been quick to exploit the kidult trend, and the number of toy stores that target adults has risen. Companies are repackaging products from past decades and also bringing out new ones for adults. Lego, for example, has brought out an architectural series featuring landmarks from around the world.
Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常)that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers. On a grander scale, these kidult opponents argue that such delayed adulthood causes couples to marry later and have fewer children. This in turn can lead to shrinking national economies，for there needs to be a generational replenishment(补充)of the workforce.
From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society’s acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor ork opportunities.
Whether the kidult phenomenon will continue to grow or prove to be a passing trend is anyone’s guess. As the debate about it continues, remember that there is nothing wrong with being young at heart.
1. What does the kidult phenomenon refer to?| A．Adults act like children. |
| B．Adults have child-like tastes. |
| C．Adults go in for collecting toys. |
| D．Adults like playing with children. |
| A．Different living conditions. |
| B．More choices about toys. |
| C．High pressure of modern life. |
| D．Good memories of childhood. |
| A．By strongly opposing kidult opponents. |
| B．By convincing readers to accept kidults. |
| C．By refusing to take a stand on the issue. |
| D．By presenting both sides of the argument. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Positive. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Uncaring. |
【推荐3】Looks like Hank and Stefan were hanging out at Olivia’s last night. What were they doing there? Was anyone else there? Why wasn’t I invited? Do they not like me? You might have experienced this emotion we call FOMO, or the fear of missing out.
Nowadays, with the rise of social media, FOMO has become an even bigger issue, especially for young people who seem to be always online. One survey has found that 60% of teens feel stressed if they lose track of their friends or when they find out their friends are having fun without them. In fact, excessive (过度的) worrying about what others are doing only causes teens to admire others blindly and miss out on their own lives.
Research proves there is a real relation between the time spent on digital technology and higher levels of anxiety. But just switching the phone off does not erase the feelings that FOMO causes. Teens may still worry that they are missing out.
They can also practice full-concentration, an exercise where a person learns to intensely
focus on something other than social media. Whether it is reading a book, chatting with a friend,
trying a new recipe, or hiking through the forest, the goal of full-concentration is that teens
completely absorb themselves in what they are doing at the moment.
| A．Human beings are historically a social species. |
| B．That anxiety you feel can be awful, but not so hopeless. |
| C．In this way there will be no room in their brains for FOMO. |
| D．Generally people with low social ranks tend to suffer from FOMO. |
| E．That is, FOMO keeps their attention focused outward instead of inward. |
| F．One practical approach to handling FOMO is to schedule technology breaks. |
| G．Encourage teens to recognize what they see online may not actually be the case. |
【推荐1】When you buy something for yourself, you probably spend hours shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product. Some of you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a company. However, when we donate money to one of the countless charities out there, most of us don’t conduct such research. We have absolutely no idea about where that money goes to, what it buys or who it helps. At least that is the case for the majority of charities. Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your charitable donations take, because many of them may lead to dead ends.
You really should ask the question: will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause? Sometimes it makes matters worse. For example, many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60, 000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. They have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.
One of the least effective means of giving is when charity sends endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped nations. For instance, Kenya imports more than 100, 000 tons of clothes from global charities each year. The issue is that these mountains of regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile industries, which have previously supported local economies.
Ultimately, to whom and how much you give is your choice. It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. As a general rule of thumb, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.
1. What do most people do when they donate?| A．They keep track of their donations. |
| B．They neglect the process of charities. |
| C．They select products of highest quality. |
| D．They do research on application of funds. |
| A．To stress effective giving. | B．To illustrate a fault investment. |
| C．To confirm a charitable failure. | D．To complain the pumps' quality. |
| A．Donations should meet local demands. |
| B．Ineffective charities must be abandoned. |
| C．Material goods can boost textile industry. |
| D．Specialized services turn out satisfactory. |
| A．Has your donation hit a dead end? |
| B．Why should you make a donation? |
| C．Where does my donation take its way? |
| D．Will my donation to charity really help? |
【推荐2】As is known to us all, since Tik Tok appeared in September 2016 then it has become very popular. Tik Tok is a network program designed to make short music videos. Actually, Tik Tok is also thought as a short music club which is mainly welcomed by young people. Users can choose their favorite song and match it with short videos to form their own work.
On the software, people can share their life. They can communicate with someone who has the same interest and get to know some exciting things and amazing places. So more than 100 million people click Tik Tok every day. It is not only popular in China, but also in foreign countries, such as Japan, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia and so on. By chance, it also lets more people know something about Chinese culture. We can find Chinese songs, clothes, paintings in Tik Tok, so it is really a good opportunity for us to have cultural communication.
However, every coin has two sides. Since Tik Tok is so popular, some people used it to spread bad information, which led to terrible results. Certainly, those people were punished by the government, and someone can’t even use it any more. So when we use the Internet, we must take responsibility for our behaviors.
On July 26, 2018, Tik Tok announced to start a program — “Sunflower Program”. The aim is to protect the young people and make sure they can grow up healthily. With the development of science and technology, the Internet plays an important role in our life. We should make good use of it and let it become a good helper to us.
1. Why is Tik Tok so popular?| A．Users can meet each other in a club. |
| B．Users can enjoy its different functions. |
| C．Users can create their favorite music online. |
| D．Users can just share their life with foreigners. |
| A．it gets much more users |
| B．it spreads Chinese culture |
| C．it makes a great deal of money |
| D．it helps people become famous |
| A．Tik Tok has some bad effects |
| B．Tik Tok costs users many coins |
| C．Tik Tok brings a lot of advantages |
| D．Tik Tok shares two kinds of cultures |
| A．the importance of the network program. |
| B．the obvious shortcomings of the Internet. |
| C．the proper use of Tik Tok for young people. |
| D．the popularity of Tik Tok at home and abroad. |
【推荐3】Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16 - year - old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent - child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.
No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”
But family experts warm that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.
“My parents were on the "before' side of that change, but today's parents, the 40 - year - olds, were on the ‘after’' side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It's not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”
1. The underlined word gulf in Para. 3 most probably means ________ .| A．interest | B．distance |
| C．difference | D．separation |
| A．Parents help their children develop interests in more activities |
| B．Parents put more trust in their children's abilities |
| C．Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs |
| D．Parents share more interests with their children. |
| A．follow the trend of the change | B．can set a limit to the change |
| C．fail to take the change seriously | D．have difficulty adjusting to the change |
| A．describe the difficulties today's parents have met with |
| B．discuss the development of the parent - child relationship |
| C．suggest the ways to handle the parent - child relationship |
| D．compare today’s parent - child relationship with that in the past |
