Career success could be predicted as early as kindergarten, according to a 20year study recently published in the American journal Public Health.
Researchers from Pennsylvania State University and Duke University tracked more than 700 children from across the US between kindergarten and age 25 and found a significant connection between their social skills as kindergarteners and their success as adults two decades later.
In the research, teachers assessed how the kindergarteners interacted with each other socially using a range of criteria like whether they cooperate with their peers without being encouraged, whether they're helpful to others, whether they're good at understanding feelings, and whether they can solve problems on their own.
Researchers then kept track of whether the students go on to graduate from high school on time, get a college degree, and find and keep a fulltime job by 25. They also monitored the participants' involvement with crime, drug abuse, public assistance, and mental health issues.
The results showed that socially capable children are far more likely to earn a college degree and have a fulltime job by 25 than those with limited social skills. Those with limited social skills also have a higher chance of getting arrested, binge drinking, and applying for public housing.
“This study shows that helping children develop social and emotional skills is one of the most important things we can do to prepare them for a healthy future,” said Kristin Schubert, program director at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which funded the research, in a release. “From an early age, these skills can determine whether a child goes to college or prison, and whether they end up employed or addicted.”
The good news, according to Damon Jones, lead author of the study, is that intervention (干预) at a young age can help improve social and emotional skills.
“This research by itself doesn't prove that higher social ability can lead to better outcomes later on, ” he said. “But when combined with other research, it is clear that helping children develop these skills increases their chances of success in school, work, and life.”
1. What did the 20year study find?A.Social skills play a key role in children's development. |
B.Helpful children understand others' feelings better. |
C.Most kindergarteners can solve problems alone. |
D.Outgoing children cooperate with their peers easily. |
A.When the researchers began their study. |
B.How the researchers conducted the study. |
C.How long it took to complete the study. |
D.What factors were studied by the researchers. |
A.Teach them some basic living skills. |
B.Tell them to keep off alcohol. |
C.Coach them in their lessons. |
D.Teach them how to cooperate with others. |
A.teenagers | B.doctors |
C.educators | D.general readers |
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【推荐1】To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth, sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to"save the bees", raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, theyare probably doing more harm than good.
“Beekeeping is for people; it's not a conservation practice, "says Shelly Smith, an environmental science professor. People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong.”
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people’s attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist's point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.
“To make matters worse, beekeeping companies and various non-science-based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations, "Smith explains. "These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations.”
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food,putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition—that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
1. Which statement does the writer argue for?A.Honey bees endanger native bees. |
B.Honey bees are a symbol of wealth. |
C.Honey bees are important for agriculture. |
D.Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems. |
A.Beekeeping is a still-popular traditional hobby. |
B.The media is responsible for misleading the public. |
C.Citizens’ attempts to protect the environment are effective. |
D.The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses. |
A.Beekeeping companies' making great profits. |
B.The quick expansion of bee-friendly habitats. |
C.The public's ignorance of bee varieties and roles. |
D.Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees. |
A.By listing examples. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By analyzing survey data. | D.By explaining cause and effect. |
【推荐2】People are being attracted to Facebook because of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then tries to make money by selling their data to advertisers.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is about, they still don’t know what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal information is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. You could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things — your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were allowed to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience”.
Some people think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which was about selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends? In April, Senator Charles Schumer wished Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also asked the government to set rules for social-networking sites.
I think that whatever Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, so I’m considering stopping using it. Facebook is a convenient site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people that I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.
1. According to the text, Facebook is ______.A.losing more customers | B.becoming a more useful site |
C.improving its service gradually | D.stealing and selling users’ information |
A.its service | B.ads | C.its products | D.personal information |
A.To provide better service to its users. | B.To follow the Federal rules. |
C.To encourage its users’ communication. | D.To gain its users’ more personal information. |
A.Joyful. | B.Negative. | C.Unclear. | D.Happy. |
【推荐3】Living alone in nature is the kind of decision that looks great on paper. You could move away from the pressures of city life, to somewhere with a lower cost of living and more privacy. You could enjoy scenic views all year round, and adopt a simpler way of life. It’s not hard to see the appeal of this at all. But what happens when that all goes wrong?
Paul Kingsnorth is a distinguished writer—his novel The Wake was longlisted for the Booker Prize and won the Gordon Burn Prize. His books help develop an awareness of place and history, so it’s not hugely surprising that his latest book, Savage Gods, is about his own rural existence. Savage Gods is in part about Kingsnorth, his wife, and their children moving to western Ireland. He writes, “In my country a small house and a field is beyond the means of anyone who doesn’t earn much money or who refuses to get into debt to chase a dream.” It’s a feeling that anyone who’s looked longingly at rural tiny houses miles from anyone else can relate to.
But Kingsnorth is aware that this is only part of the story. “Because I am not a real farmer, I have to make my money in other places,” he writes, “I need the Internet or the Dublin-to-Holyhead ferry and sometimes both to put food on my family’s table.” To make matters worse, Kingsnorth’s isolation(隔离) results in a crisis of confidence in his own writing abilities—which becomes one of the central themes of Savage Gods.
Kingsnorth isn’t the only writer to make time spent in a vivid countryside landscape sound less enjoyable than one might expect. The French writer Sylvain Tesson takes this to what may be its most extreme point in his book. He lived alone for six months. His book includes impressive descriptions of the landscape and what it’s like to experience depression in the middle of such a landscape.
Some books neatly remind you of the appeal of such an existence, while others make the drawbacks central to their accounts. In Names for the Sea, Moss summarizes the attraction of wilder places. “We’d come for the landscape, for the pale nights and dark shores, rain sweeping over trees and bushes,” she writes. From that, it’s not hard to see why a life in nature—even with its potential downsides—still appeals to so many.
1. According to Paragraph 1, living in isolation makes people_____.A.look great | B.reveal their privacy |
C.overcome pressures | D.enjoy a lower living cost |
A.Paul Kingsnorth helps readers develop an awareness of time and space. |
B.Paul Kingsnorth starts to have doubts about his ability as a writer. |
C.Paul Kingsnorth’s family live comfortably in a rural house. |
D.Paul Kingsnorth couldn’t afford a tiny rural house. |
A.He thinks it a perfect idea to live alone in nature. |
B.He earns money somewhere else to make ends meet. |
C.His latest book is about the attraction of wilder places. |
D.Living in the countryside landscape results in his depression. |
A.To inform readers of a famous French writer. |
B.To praise him for his marvelous writing skills. |
C.To explain how to live in the peaceful countryside. |
D.To emphasize more writers experience similar problems. |
【推荐1】Children learn rather early that they must ask for the things they want, but as they grow up, it’s important that they begin to consider the needs of others. Raising a generous (慷慨的) child takes intentional practices like encouraging giving, teaching important habits, and modeling how best to care for others.
Help Your Neighbors
One of the simplest ways to show giving is to lend a hand to your neighbors.
Donate (捐) Clothes and Toys
Donating is one of those age-old habits that will always be the mark of a generous person. When you practice this with your children, it’s important that you allow them to choose which toys to giveaway.
By encouraging them when they choose to give and praising others who are generous, you are setting a standard for “praiseworthy” behavior. Another practice that parents have found helpful is to focus on how the things their child did has helped another.
Foster (培养) a Global Mindset
Someone with a global mindset cares for the world and is curious about how to solve global problems. Although it may seem like an abstract concept (抽象概念), there are a few ways to foster a global mindset. First, develop problem-solving and critical thinking.
A.Below are four ways to foster generosity. |
B.Words of praise can be powerful for young children. |
C.Simple actions like these help to foster generosity in kids. |
D.Giving kids a choice about whether to share encourages sharing behavior. |
E.Be sure to encourage choosing clothes and toys that are newer or gently used. |
F.Perhaps an elderly neighbor is ill, or a friend nearby has recently had a surgery. |
G.Second, visit museums, exhibitions, and spend time with friends from other cultures. |
【推荐2】Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that distracted (分心) parenting may have on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are not available, kids can get distressed and feel hurt or ignored. They may have more emotional outbursts, feeling alone and even lose emotional connections to their parents.
It can be tough to respond with sensitivity during tantrums, arguments, or other challenging times with your kids. “If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive themselves, children can copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade,” explains Dr. Carol Metzler.
According to Crnic, kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three. Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get them excited. “They’re watching you to see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it,” he explains. “Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior.”
“When parents engage positively with their children, teaching them the behaviors and skills that they need to cope with the world, children learn to follow rules and regulate their own feelings,” Metzler says.
1. What may distract parenting according to the text?A.Working overtime, | B.Too much sleep. | C.Negative emotions. | D.Social interactions. |
A.Bad habits of ignored children. | B.Bad effects of parents’ absence. |
C.The outcome of parents’ availability. | D.The behavior of emotional children. |
A.Mental relaxation. | B.Extreme anger. | C.Heated discussions. | D.Desperate hunger. |
A.Be strict with their children. | B.Control children’s emotions. |
C.Stay involved with their children. | D.Ask children to copy their behaviors. |
【推荐3】Across the country, October is National Financial Planning Month, a time when you might want to look back on your retirement statement or rethink investments (投资) for the new year. The month also serves as a good reminder to teach the ones you love a thing or two about money basics. Whether it’s explaining the value of a dollar or delayed enjoyment for a beloved toy, you can explain to children where money comes from, how best to keep it, and the ways that you can use well-earned cash to shape the world we live in.
Financial literacy, simply put, is the know-how to prepare, track expenses, save, plan for retirement, and manage debt. Money-saving expert Andrea Woroch says it’s never too early to start talking about finances, and it can be as simple as taking them shopping or doing everyday tasks around the house. “Your children learn from your habits and the way you spend or save and even talk about money will shape how your children manage money in the future, even if you don’t realize it,” says Woroch.
Most people think that the easiest way to teach their kids about money is to let them watch what they do — from the convenience store to online shopping. But the right way is to practice being a role model of what you hope they (and you) would do when faced with money problems or opportunities.
Woroch says including kids in setting up a budget (预算) for an upcoming event can be a great learning experience. When you have to make a budget cut, think before you complain. Watch how you talk about sacrificing (牺牲) short-term pleasure for long-term gain.
If your family is doing well despite economic downturn, you can teach your kids to appreciate what they have and encourage them to help others in need. Ramirez, a senior advisor at Tend, suggests that parents “increase children’s awareness about how money can benefit others, not just themselves, by encouraging them to raise money for a cause.” This is also a great way to develop their social awareness.
1. Why should kids have financial literacy?A.To avoid debts. | B.To obtain happiness. |
C.To become experts. | D.To form a smart view towards money. |
A.Setting a good example. | B.Opening an online store. |
C.Asking them to shop alone. | D.Making them solve money issues. |
A.Parents praise children’s efforts. | B.Parents donate money for charity. |
C.Children save money for a cause. | D.Children make money by themselves. |