The year of 2017 marked the 100th birthday of the honoring Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei.
From museums to business headquarters, Pei had designed many notable buildings around the world throughout his long professional career. According to the organizers of ''Rethinking Pei: A Centenary Symposium (百年纪念座谈会)” held that year, Pei remained one of the most celebrated architects of the 20th and early 21st centuries.
The Hong Kong Bank of China Tower is one of his most famous works in Asia. As the bank itself also celebrated its centenary in 2017, it’s worth examining the building's historical and architectural background to gain a deeper understanding of the architect who changed Hong Kong's skyline forever.
The Bank of China Tower (BOC Tower) was completed in 1989, a year which the "New York Times" called ,•the year of I.M. Pei.” For it was in this same year that Pei also completed the glass pyramid of the Louvre Museum in Paris, the Meyerson Symphony Center in Dallas, the Creative Artist Agency Headquarters in Los Angeles, and other marvellous architectures all around the world.
Pei was commissioned (委托)in 1982 by the Beijing-based Bank of China to design itsheadquarters in Hong Kong, but construction did not start until 1985.
There were many reasons for the delay. One of the biggest was the huge challenges posed by the location. The land parcel had been the address of a Victorian building which served as a prison during Japanese occupation of Hong Kong between 1941 and 1945. This terrible heritage might be one of the reasons why it was dismantled in 1982.
For I.M. Pei, the challenge of the site was not its past, but its present: the relatively small land parcel was surrounded on three sides by elevated roadways serving high-speed heavy traffic, meaning there was no possible public pedestrian access. Then there was its awkward trapezoidal (梯形)shape and the fact that the site also had a deep north-south height difference.
Another challenge was the unavoidable comparison of the BOC Tower to the neighboring Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Headquarters(HSBC), which was also under construction. A spectacular building generously funded, its architect Norman Foster was simply told to create “the best bank building in the world.” At that time it was also the world's most expensive building, costing $668 million. The Bank of China Tower's budget was approximately one fifth of the budget allowed by HSBC.
The Hong Kong government had promised HSBC that no tall buildings would ever be built in front of its headquarters. Besides, in between the site of the Bank of China and the harbor, there were already a few buildings over 70 meters tall blocking views.
Recognizing that going tall was the only way to create a landmark at this site with his budget, Pei came up with an architectural tower design that was simple, expressive, innovative, and upon its completion, the tallest building outside of America and the fourth tallest in the world.
After the Bank of China officially moved into the tower in 1991, noted architect and critic Peter Blake visited the building and declared it to be "probably the most innovative skyscraper structure built anywhere to date."
Now 30 years after the building’s construction, the Bank of China Tower continues to offer valuable lessons of architectural and structural creativity under the most demanding conditions. Most importantly, the tower has become one of the most important cultural icons for the city of Hong Kong.
1. Which of the following descriptions of I.M. Pei is NOT true?A.I.M. Pei completed the glass pyramid of the Louvre Museum in Paris in 1989. |
B.I.M. Pei changed Hong Kong's skyline because he constructed the BOC tower. |
C.I.M. Pei was universally acknowledged as one of the most celebrated architect. |
D.I.M. Pei began the construction of BOC Tower directly he got the commission. |
A.It was the 30th anniversary of the completion of the Bank of China ToweF’s construction. |
B.The Bank of China officially began to use it as its headquarter in Hong Kong in this year. |
C.Both Ieoh Ming Pei and Hong Kong and Shangliai Bank celebrated their 100th birthday. |
D.A Centenary Symposium celebrating the 100th birthday of I. M. Pei was held that year. |
A.The shape of the land parcel was a challenge to the architect. |
B.The building of the Bank of China Tower was generously funded. |
C.The heavy traffic surrounding the site stopped people from entering it. |
D.The site had been a prison during Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. |
A.tear down | B.take down | C.tear up | D.take up |
A.⑦ | B.⑧ | C.⑨ | D.⑩ |
A.only by getting over great difficulties can architects like LM. Pei achieve success |
B.the Bank of China Tower was a great masterpiece showing I.M. Pei's creativity |
C.compared with neighbouring HSBC, BOC Tower is much more extraordinary |
D.it was the design of the BOC Tower that made I.M. Pei become world-famous |
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【推荐1】Globally, people use roofs to dry out food, do their laundry and sleep. In Belfast, where we’re based, there's a culture of enjoying looking down on the city from up high, because it's in a valley. But because we were a conflict area for a long time, many people didn’t want to live, work or hang out in the city, and our roofs cape has been neglected.
Rooftop projects can be as big or as small as you want. They can be used as social or cultural spaces, for green or blue public facilities. But it's not just about commercial opportunities; it can be as simple as an individual turning his/her city balcony into a mini garden or vegetable patch. It's not just about doing it on a rooftop because it's "cool". It's about giving up the deep-rooted thought that roofs are off limits and embracing their challenges as opportunities. That can make a huge difference. For instance, we're helping turn the rooftop car park of a city central shopping centre into an outdoor space for employees, due to restrictions they now face indoors because of COVID-19.
Using rooftops creatively allows us to cope with many of the challenges faced by cities today--be those environmental, social, technological, or cultural. At the moment, we're being forced to rethink how we use public spaces due to COVID-19. With lots of restrictions on enclosed areas, we should be acknowledging rooftops as viable alternatives. For example, Rotterdam recently hosted a play that took place across its rooftops. Each roof lit up and hosted a different part of the drama, while residents sat and watched, listening to the action through headphones.
Are there any challenges? Rain is one. Also is health and safety. But there are creative and practical solutions to all the barriers we face. In fact, the challenges are what make rooftops so exciting----because they give you even more opportunities to be creative and solve problems. It is always a matter of trial and error.
1. What matters most in taking advantage of rooftops?A.One's own mindset(心态) | B.Geographic location |
C.Commercial values | D.Individual support |
A.Flexible | B.Specific |
C.Practical | D.Multiple |
A.What to do with trial and error |
B.Reasons for building rooftop projects |
C.How to solve the mentioned challenges |
D.Obstacles in the course of urban development. |
A.advise people to start rooftop projects |
B.present benefits of rooftop-based economies |
C.offer solutions to long-term city development |
D.introduce rooftop projects in Belfast |
【推荐2】Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (飓风) Hugo 10 years ago. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building rules wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced rules. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Level 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be misleading. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage. Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings-long, slim wood pieces anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also raise the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. “These waves come ashore at terrible speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially hidden by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs (裤腿) pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
1. After the Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required ________.A.to be easily reinforced | B.to meet stricter building standards |
C.to look smarter in design | D.to be designed in the shape of cubes |
A.It is in the shape of a shell. | B.It is made of redwood. |
C.It is strengthened by steel rods. | D.It is built with timber and concrete. |
A.To anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand. |
B.To prevent water from rushing into the house. |
C.To withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr. |
D.To make the house look more hurricane-proof. |
A.to give the house a better appearance |
B.to strengthen the pilings of the house |
C.to protect the wooden frame of the house |
D.to slow down the speed of the big waves |
【推荐3】One Dollar a Night in New York
When it comes to finding a place to stay for a night in New York, things don’t always come cheap. However, artist Miao Jiaxin, a Shanghai native who moved to New York in 2006, is offering people the chance to stay in his apartment in Brooklyn.
Guests can easily book Miao’s room on the Internet. Nevertheless, although they will be housed in his apartment, it appears to have more in common with a jail cell(牢房)than a regular bedroom as a cage in the center of the room is where guests will stay.
Meanwhile, the cage is monitored and recorded by two cameras and the activity of guests is filmed for the whole time they stay in the cell.
The room is inspired by the alienation(疏离感)Miao felt as a new immigrant — feelings he believes are universal. “It’s not for fun. It’s for an experience.
A.It’s only one dollar a night. |
B.It’s too expensive for common people to afford. |
C.More like a psychological New York City experience. |
D.If you break any of those rules above, you will be fined 100 dollars. |
E.Actually, Miao’s room is so popular that you have to book three months in advance. |
F.Despite the strict rules, guests are given a key to let themselves in and out as they please. |
G.Miao says that to live in his jail cell, people don’t have to be a criminal, but there are several rules. |
【推荐1】London is considered as one of the greatest cities on Earth. From historical sites to the modern-day metropolis, it can seem an infinite feast of activities and possibilities. For the budget-minded traveler, London might not appear to be the most wallet-friendly destination.
One of the most surprisingly free things to do in London is visit top museums and art galleries.
London has a long history of influencing the musical world, and the wise traveler knows that concerts are some of the best free things to do here in various seasons. Particularly in the summer, free concerts are available along the banks of the Thames River, and frequently advertised in entertainment guides.
While London is full of exciting opportunities for the luxury traveler, it doesn't exclude those on a budget. The free things to do in London will often help travelers escape from the tourist attractions and catch a look at local life.
A.However, this is not the case. |
B.Literary lovers will find many free things to do in London. |
C.That's because London is among the world's priciest cities. |
D.The National Gallery is free to visitors favoring world-class paintings. |
E.Even in winter, certain areas are usually crowed with musicians and performers. |
F.Nobody can refuse such charming music with the beautiful sceneries along the river. |
G.Combining them with some well-chosen costly additions will give you a balanced look at the beautiful city. |
Now rewind this picture 1,839 years. You are in the same seat, only you are watching classical Greek entertainment.
The city of Athens is a fun mix of the old and the new, the classic and the modern. Often a little shop is located next to the ruins of a temple, which is only a block from a large, air-conditioned hotel. The great city of 2,500 years ago is still visible today.
Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens, and the most famous of these is the Acropolis(卫城). The Acropolis is a large hill that was the center of life in Athens. On its slopes were temples, monuments, and theaters. From the top, you can see how the urban area of Athens stretches out in every direction.
On the top of the Acropolis is the Parthenon. This was once a huge temple to Athena, the city’s patron. It was first completed in 432 B.C., but has been damaged and destroyed several times. However, visitors can still see the “tricks” used in building the Parthenon. The columns along the outside lean inward, and are slightly fatter in the middle. The temple is also higher in the middle than on the sides. All these effects make the Parthenon look perfectly straight from a distance.
Only a block away from the Acropolis is the neighborhood of Plaka. The area, with its little shops and restaurants, is very popular with both tourists and locals, and is an important part of modern Athenian culture. Many great thinkers, writers, and political leaders lived in ancient Athens. The ruins of their homes and favorite spots are scattered throughout the busy port city. The hill where St. Paul addressed early Christian Athenians is located near the Acropolis. Great thinkers such as Perikles and Demosthenes spoke to the civil assemblies held at the Pnyx Hill. Today the Pnyx is an open-air theater for light and sound shows.
Tourism is very important to people who live in modern-day Athens. Thousands of people come every year to see these ruins and to tour the many museums that house artifacts from ancient times. This provides many jobs and brings money into Athens, which helps the city pay for improvements. Athenians take pride in the accomplishments of their ancestors, and people from all around the world come to admire them. By looking around the city today, we can imagine what life was like in ancient Athens.
1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the city of Athens?A.The culture of the city is a mixture of the old and modern. |
B.Traces of the ancient city can still be found |
C.Ruins and modern hotels co-exist in the city. |
D.All the temples are not far away from air-conditioned hotels. |
A.naughty acts | B.confusing constructing skills |
C.skillful constructing methods | D.constructing materials |
A.offering job opportunities to Athenians |
B.enriching Athenians by providing accommodation for tourists |
C.enabling Athenians to improve the infrastructures |
D.making Athenians proud of their ancestors |
A.Tourism in Athens | B.Athens: Then and Now |
C.Historic Interests in Athens | D.The Magic of Ancient Athens |
【推荐3】For as much as 8,000 years before European contact, the San Juan Islands were inhabited by the Northern Straits Salish peoples and other native people seasonally, preserving food in summer for winters spent elsewhere. All were drawn to the islands by the rich abundance of food and materials found here.
In the mid-1800s, a company came to the San Juans following its numerous international trade routes. One employee, known as "Friday", settled alone the area of what is now the town of Friday Harbor. This caused many to refer to the place as "Friday’s Harbor".
By 1900, Friday Harbor had a population of only three or four hundred residents. Road and telephone networks linked the town to the rest of the island. The community was growing and many public facilities had added. What these buildings had in common was simplicity of design. They were attractive and functional, but without complex decoration. Typically, both residential and commercial buildings were built with local wood. Money was so little that it couldn’t be used for the unnecessary, and so most buildings were painted white, more for functional protection against rot, than for decoration. The town wore a pinched look until the late 1960s, when tourism, retirement, real estate(房地产), construction, the arts and a variety of cottage industries began to take hold. Today, the town is again busy and prosperous. Over 6,000 people live in the town.
Though the traditional industries have all but vanished, there are still many visible reminders of the pioneer era — 100-year old orchards(果园), kitchen gardens, turn-of-the-century wooden buildings and companionable roof lines — all acquaint islanders and visitors alike with Friday Harbor’s spirited early days.
1. Where did the name of Friday’s Harbor come from?A.The name of the company. | B.The day when it was found. |
C.An international trade route. | D.The first resident of the town. |
A.The Friday Harbor’s future. | B.The Friday Harbor’s architect. |
C.The Friday Harbor’s population. | D.The Friday Harbor’s development. |
A.Muddy. | B.Diseased. | C.Crowded. | D.Developed. |
A.The unique historic sites. | B.The busy but wealthy life. |
C.The rich abundance of food. | D.The comfortable community. |
【推荐1】Remote work, especially in a world affected by COVID-19, naturally leads to "flex time". Employees with small children might be getting the majority of their work done at night after the kids are in bed. Working early, you quit early. Starting late, work late.
With your teammates working during different hours, you may be getting messages at all hours of the day, night, or weekend, making you always available. That might be necessary in some industries during these challenging times, but certainly not in every industry and not for everyone in any industry. Once this takes root in your company culture, it becomes difficult to "reset" later. Besides, “always-on” isn't sustainable (可持续的), which increases pressure and quickly turns your company into an unpleasant place to work.
If your company adapts "flex time", how can you accommodate your employees’ needs while still protecting your culture and your team's work-life balance? The key is to encourage flex time while also setting clear "communication hours" (for example, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.). Outside of those hours, employees should be encouraged to change their settings to "Do Not Disturb" and to use the “schedule send” feature of their email client so that messages only get delivered during communication hours.
If messages must happen outside of the set communication hours, such as for urgent or time-sensitive issues, make employees phone or text only. This way people can comfortably close down all other communication channels like email, WeChat, WeCom, etc. The act of having to call or text someone is usually enough to give the sender a pause to think, "Do I really need this person now, or can the communication wait?" This allows everyone on your team to work whenever is appropriate for them, but not feel like they have to work all the time to accommodate everyone else's schedule. A word of “Thanks for being so responsive” to someone answering an email outside of the defined communication hours definitely brings empathy (同理心) which smooths the urgency while also cultivating the trust and culture.
1. What may result in the phenomenon of "always-on"?A.COVID-19. | B.Some industries. |
C.Increasing pressure. | D.Flexible working time. |
A.The phenomenon of "flex time". | B.The disadvantages of “flex time”. |
C.The necessity of “flex time”. | D.The company culture of “flex time”, |
A.It helps to make up for the shortcomings of “flex time". |
B.It should be set from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |
C.Employees mustn't be disturbed within the hours. |
D.Employees are still responsive outside of the hours. |
A.Neutral. | B.Supportive. |
C.Opposed. | D.Indifferent. |
【推荐2】Having a microchip implanted in a man's brain may be common in sci-fi movie plots, but it may soon become an actual possibility.
Elon Musk -a US tech tycoon, founder of Space X- has been working on this technology. On Aug 28, Musk gave a display of the chip, which was implanted into the head of a pig named Gertrude.
The chip, developed by Musk's company Neuralink, is the size of a coin. But don't let its size fool you. The tiny chip has over 3,000 electrodes (电极)attached to flexible threads, which can monitor about 1,000 neurons (神经元).It collects neural signals from an area of the brain, and then transmits those signals wirelessly to nearby computers, according to MSN. That enabled researchers to monitor Gertrude's brain activity while she was walking around in the display.
Though the technology is still in its early stage, it is encouraging for humans. This technology would solve a lot of brain injuries and is essentia] for Al symbiosis, which will allow the human brain to combine with an artificial intelligence.
When the device can be applied to humans, its main goal will be to help those who have mobility difficulties. Musk hopes this technology can also be used to help those with hearing and eyesight issues.
Although such a device could repair those problems, putting it into practice is by no means a piece of cake. Currently, the device can transmit signals from about 500 neurons in the pig's brain. Compared to 80 billion neurons in a human brain, this number is tiny. And to cover the whole human brain also means the electrodes have to be much smaller.
Also, implanting the chip into the brain poses a potential danger. There is a risk of the immune system attacking this foreign body.
Right now, the hope of controlling the brain via controlling a few neurons seems overly optimistic. "There are many technological challenges ... to overcome before Neuralink can put its devices to the purposes," Yuan Lanfeng, an associate professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, told China Daily.
1. What do we know about Elon Musk's microchip?A.It was inspired by sci-fi movie plots. |
B.It is able to collect wireless signals. |
C.It is tiny in size but powerful in function. |
D.It has been implanted into a human's brain. |
A.The operation of the chip in Gertrude’s brain. |
B.The attachment of electrodes to flexible threads. |
C.The development of neurons inside Gertrude's brain. |
D.The transmission of signals from a nearby computer |
A.To monitor animals’ brain activity. |
B.To help people with mobility issues. |
C.To develop a cure for immune system problems. |
D.To contribute to the research on Al technologies. |
A.Worried. | B.Excited. | C.Optimistic. | D.Challenged. |
【推荐3】Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type of president.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored “go-to” topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unknowingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There’s no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others.
It’s tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths.
1. Why teenagers’ strengths are often mistaken for narcissism?A.Teenagers with strengths are always arrogant, selfish and uncaring. |
B.The public are more exposed to research on narcissism. |
C.There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness. |
D.Numbers of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. |
A.they are both victims of binary thinking |
B.public figures unknowingly fall prey to narcissism |
C.confidence is quite important for celebrities |
D.one can be both modest and sure of himself |
A.Skeptical. | B.Neutral. | C.Favorable. | D.Cautious. |
A.Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood |
B.Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis |
C.Teens’ Anxiety and Depression |
D.Teens’ Strength Psychology |
【推荐1】On September 18, 2020, people gathered on the steps of the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC, singing songs like Amazing Grace. Some placed twinkling candles on the steps. Others left flowers and messages. They were there to mourn (哀悼)the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who passed away at the age of 87.
Ginsburg was the second-ever female justice(法官)on the US Supreme Court, the most powerful court in the United States. She served in that position from 1993 until her death. During her long career, Justice Ginsburg fought for women’s equality and human rights for everyone.
Because she was a woman, she had many barriers placed in her path by people who, at the time, felt that women should not have the same rights as men. When she attended Harvard Law School in 1956, she was only one of nine women in her class. The rest of the class-541 students- were men. It wasn’t that other women weren’t smart or talented enough to get in, but because there was a tendency against women attending schools like Harvard Law, so many were turned away while similarly qualified men were accepted. Ginsburg also faced discrimination(歧视)because she was Jewish.
Ginsburg knew that men and women are equal. As a lawyer and later as a judge, she devoted her life to fighting for that principle.
One of her most famous rulings as a Supreme Court justice involved the Virginia Military Institute(VMI), which, in 1996, only allowed males to attend. Ginsburg wrote a ruling that persuaded the other justices that not allowing women into the institute was against the 14th Amendment (修正案), which explains that all people in US have equal rights. Today, about 10% of the students at VMI are female.
Ginsburg was so inspirational that people wrote books, movies and songs about her. Children went out for Halloween dressed as her, wearing the black justice robes and white collars and other neck pieces she often wore.
1. What trouble did Ginsburg have in attending Harvard Law School?A.Competition with qualified men. | B.Discrimination against females. |
C.Worry about her future career. | D.Lack of talent. |
A.Influential and strong-willed. | B.Qualified and creative. |
C.Generous and devoted. | D.Ambitious and demanding. |
A.The US Supreme Court never had female justices before Ginsburg. |
B.The percentage of females at VMI is higher than that of males. |
C.Ginsburg was the only Jewish female in the university. |
D.People honored Ginsburg in various ways. |
A.Pursuit of Equality |
B.Fighting Discrimination Beyond All Price |
C.An American Hero Fighting for Gender Equality |
D.An Inspirational Justice Fighting Against Her Fate |
Think of Spider-Man, Iron Man and Ant-Man. Think of Black Panther, the Mighty Thor and the X-Men. Think of the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four and all the other superheroes that have stimulated the popular imagination.
For many, he was the face of Marvel, if not comic books in general, witnessing the company's rise to become an international media giant. As a writer, editor, publisher and Hollywood executive, he played a critical role in what comic fans call one of the medium's golden ages.
''I used to think what I did was not very important, '' Lee told the Chicago Tribune in 2014. ''People are building bridges and participating in medical research, and here I was working on stories about fictional people who do crazy things and wear costumes. But I suppose I have come to realize that entertainment is not easily dismissed. ''
Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created, said Disney chairman and CEO Bob Iger. Indeed, Lee worked tirelessly his whole life creating great characters for the world to enjoy.
A.He inspired our imagination and hoped we could use it to make the world a better place. |
B.If all these entertainment products can be traced to one person, it would be Stan Lee, who died last November at the age of 95. |
C.Lee also appeared in a number of Marvel movies, watering his lawn, delivering the mail, and so on. |
D.In order to keep multiple stories going at the same time, Lee wove them together into a seamless(无缝的) fictional world. |
E.Under Lee, Marvel transformed the comic book world by humanizing its characters. |
F.Through the honesty of guys like Spider-Man, we learn about different aspects of human nature. |
【推荐3】Before Douglas Engelbart, computers were as big as rooms and used mostly for handling numbers. But in the late 1960s, Engelbart invented almost everything your personal computer has today: a mouse, hypertext, screen sharing and more. Engelbart was adding real-time edits, graphics, hyper-linking and sharing screens — all before the birth of the World Wide Web. “The digital revolution is far more significant than the invention of writing or even of printing,” said Engelbart, and as it turns out, he held all the right cards.
If he’d been British, Engelbart would have been knighted (授爵), but the Portland, Oregon, native instead lived out the rest of his years as an unsung hero, trying to fry even bigger fish in Silicon Valley. His blueprint of the Internet was totally different from today’s profit-driven, streamlined version. Engelbart imagined an information system built on the backbones of cooperation and education, all meant to enhance the collective human mind. He wanted a computerized network of real-time, human-wide cooperation, with the open-source spirit of Wikipedia and the purposefulness of Change.org.
By the late 70s and early 80s, Engelbart and his ideas were cast aside in favour of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, along with their profit-generating vision for personal computing, and a user-friendly approach to the Internet. Engelbart’s team of researchers abandoned him, and he had a lesser position at a company called Tymshare while still battling with his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world. Even worse, when Engelbart’s mouse invention gained widespread use years later, he never gained the profits — it had been licensed to Apple for around $40,000, Engelbart revealed.
And if Engelbart had won? “Hard to say,” says Jefferson of the Internet Archive in San Francisco. “The Web was bound to grow in ways its founders never intended,” he says. He notes his belief that the same spirit of knowledge-sharing and cooperation Engelbart tirelessly pushed for will one day become part of our fast-evolving Internet, even if a commercial layer clouds the original vision. But even so, fame is difficult to achieve; it often ridicules great thinkers like Galileo or Tesla, only to meet them decades after death. Granted, Engelbart was eventually allowed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the Pioneers Circle in the Internet Hall of Fame after his death, but the heart of his dream has yet to be realized.
1. The expression “his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world” in Para 3 refers to ________.A.the function of computer data processing |
B.a real-time video chat on the Internet |
C.a user-friendly approach to the Internet |
D.an Internet of knowledge-sharing and cooperation |
A.he was too crazy about his vision of the Internet when totally ignored |
B.he was not profitably rewarded for his landmark inventions of computer |
C.he was admitted to the U. S. National Inventors Hall of Fame too late |
D.the Internet was commercially oriented against his original intention |
A.Engelbart rose and fell in his all-out battle over the future of the Internet. |
B.Engelbart could have succeeded in the Internet with his landmark inventions. |
C.Engelbart’s achievements have never been recognized. |
D.Engelbart didn’t get any profit for his mouse invention. |
A.Who Benefits from the Internet? |
B.Who Lost the Internet Wars? |
C.Who pioneered the World Wide Web? |
D.Who Commercialized the Internet? |