Each year, about 7 million tons of trash (垃圾) is found in the ocean. This trash consists of cigarette ends, medical waste, plastic, mile-long nets, etc... Those items of trash choke (窒息) many species of ocean life so quickly that they eventually become extinct. Ocean pollution harms the earth and animals, and we should stop the problem.
Some other causes of ocean pollution are waste, poisonous chemicals, and the biggest cause is littering (乱丢垃圾). How do these items end up in the ocean? Waste flows through rivers and drains (下水道) directly to the ocean, so ocean pollution continues to step up. The estimated amount of ocean pollution that floated in the sea in 2012 was 288 million tons. This huge number continues to increase by 4% each year. That means 11, 520, 000 tons of trash increase each year. Imagine the future of our ocean. Will there be any room to swim? Also 80% of the ocean is composed of plastic: plastic bottles, plastic bags, and some plastic toys.
How can ocean pollution be solved? Use fabric bags instead of plastic bags. This would reduce the plastic pollution in the ocean. Also for the waste water problem, we could use waste water treatment system. Lastly using renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power would limit offshore drilling.
If we don’t stop the causes of ocean pollution, water temperatures will continue to rise and ocean life will become endangered. Please be mindful that what we do affects the people around us, the animals around us, and the habitats around us. So will you pay attention to this problem or wait for the next generation to?
1. What leads to the ocean pollution worst?A.Cigarette ends. | B.Littering. |
C.Medical waste. | D.Plastic. |
A.3 | B.4 |
C.5 | D.6 |
A.To introduce what’s ocean pollution. |
B.To make a survey about ocean pollution. |
C.To make us know more about ocean pollution. |
D.To call on everyone to fight against ocean pollution. |
A.The Seriousness of Ocean Pollution |
B.The Solutions to Ocean Pollution |
C.The Causes of Ocean Pollution |
D.The Sorts of Ocean Pollution |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If your child constantly moves when he's doing math homework or insists on listening to music while studying, take heart. Although it may seem like he’s trying to drive you crazy, he’s probably just using the strategies that help him learn.
“I like to study at a desk in silence, and my daughter can’t think that way. She likes to bounce around on a ball with music in the background,” says author Maureen McKay, whose website, Optimistic Outcomes, provides tips based on a child’s learning style for parents. “Sometimes kids are just doing what works for them.”
Three basic learning styles are auditory, kinesthetic(肌肉运动知觉的), and visual ones. Auditory learners prefer listening to explanations to reading them and may like to study by reciting information aloud. This type of learner may want to have background music while studying, or they may be distracted by noises and need a quiet environment to study. Kinesthetic learners learn by doing and touching something. They may have trouble sitting still while studying, and they are better able to understand information by writing it down or doing hands-on activities. Visual learners process new information by reading, looking at graphics, or watching a demonstration. Children with this learning style can grasp information presented in a chart or graph, but they may grow impatient listening to an explanation.
Most people use a combination of styles but have a clear preference for one. Understanding your child’s learning style can reduce homework frustrations and make it easier for families to communicate, says McKay. She observed different learning styles while working as a teacher’s assistant, and she started researching strategies for working in different learning styles when her daughter began having trouble in elementary school.
Because her daughter had difficulty listening in class, McKay looked for exercises to strengthen listening skills. Her daughter is now doing well in middle school, and she owes her success to the fact that her teachers and parents came to understand her unique style of learning.
1. What does the underlined part “take heart” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Take care. | B.Work hard. |
C.Don't worry. | D.Don't mention it. |
A.both auditory and kinesthetic styles |
B.a kinesthetic style |
C.both visual and auditor’s styles |
D.a visual style |
A.parents should explore their children's learning styles. |
B.teachers should reduce their students’ homework |
C.students always enjoy trying different learning styles |
D.schools are giving up their traditional teaching methods |
A.helps a lot with her homework |
B.teaches her in person at school |
C.lets her read many books |
D.values her personal learning style |
【推荐2】After losing an important deal in India, a business negotiator learned that her counterpart (对方) felt as if she had been rushing through the talks. The business negotiator thought she was being efficient with their time. Their cultures have different views on how to conduct negotiations, and in this case, the barrier prevented a successful outcome.
Research shows that deal-making across cultures tends to lead to worse outcomes as compared with negotiations conducted within the same culture. As we know, cultures are characterized by different behaviors, communication styles and norms (准则). Consequently, when negotiating across cultures, we bring different views to the bargaining table, which in turn may result in potential misunderstandings that can lead to a lower likelihood of discovering value-creating solutions.
Cultural conflict in negotiations is linked with the fact that we, at most times, interpret others’ behaviors, values, and beliefs through the lens (透镜) of our own culture. To overcome this, it is important to rescarch the customs and behaviors of different cultures as well as understand why people follow these customs and exhibit these behaviors in the first place.
Just as important, not only do countries have unique cultures, but teams and organizations do too. Before partaking in any negotiation, take the time to study the context and the person on the other side of the bargaining table, including the various cultures to which he belongs, whether the culture of his culture, the culture of engineering, or his particular company’s corporate culture. The more you know about the client, the better off you’ll do in any negotiation.
Therefore, we see the negotiator has learned her Indian counterpart would have appreciated a slower pace with more opportunities for relationship building. She seems to have run into the issue: Using time efficiently in the course of negotiations is generally valued in the United States, but in India, there’s often a greater focus on building relationships early in the process. By doing research on the clients’ cultures, they can adjust their negotiation method and give themselves a better chance of creating a valuable negotiation experience for both themselves and their counterpart.
1. What resulted in the business woman’s failure in her negotiation in India?A.Her slow work style. | B.Their personal conflicts of interests. |
C.Her poor communication capacity. | D.The differences between their cultures. |
A.The analyses about the findings of the research. | B.The deep reasons for failed cross-culture negotiations. |
C.The common misunderstandings in negotiations. | D.The causes of conflicts between negotiators’ views. |
A.Rescearch is necessary before negotiating. |
B.People should respect cultural differences. |
C.Meeting cultural differences is fairly common. |
D.Cross-culture conflicts result from ignorance. |
A.To come up with a new conclusion. | B.To recommend a negotiation method. |
C.To summarize the above paragraphs. | D.To share different opinions on the example. |
【推荐3】Success principles
To get what you really want in life, what should you do?
Think about what you’re excited about, and what really inspires you.
Then you can take the next step and discover your purpose and your real mission in life.
In the end, a clear sense of a mission will boost your performance and it will give you overall satisfaction.
If you expect the support from the world around you and hope for the best, the best will show up. There’s something good in every event that is not positive too; you only need to see it.
A.You need to know what it is that you want. |
B.Give up what you dislike, and you’ll succeed. |
C.Everybody is here with a reason, and you are no exception. |
D.Once you’ve found your drive, you’ll know what you want in life. |
E.Some of you always remember the expectations other people have for you. |
F.Even a disaster can bring out an opportunity , but only for those who identify it. |
G.Whatever you’re doing, ask yourself what you are doing and why you’ re doing it. |
【推荐1】About 12 million tons of plastic wastes are entering the oceans every year. This garbage pollutes the water, kills wildlife and breaks down into small pieces that fish and other creatures eat.
Now a group of Spanish fishermen will receive economic support to catch plastics. It is part of a new project. Carlos Martin is one of the fishermen taking part in the project. He and his partners collect the plastic in the ocean and bring it back to land every week. Martin thinks rivers carry a lot of plastics to the sea. He says his most concern is no more than that the plastics often get caught in the nets, which makes nets not work properly. They take on mud(泥), causing the nets to break because they weigh so much.
Under the new programs, one million pounds will support ocean cleanup efforts for fishermen like Martin. The money is coming from the European Union and the Catalan government. Sergi Tudela, the General Director of Catalonia Fisheries, is responsible for the cleanup project. He said, "We are hopeful that if we are successful in this project, we can apply it to other areas in the Mediterranean(地中海)."
Government reports show that the amount of plastic wastes washing up along the Spanish coastline has grown by 65 percent in just six years. Fishing equipment makes up a large part of the about 8 to 12 million tons of plastics left in the world's oceans every year.
Martin says the fishing community now understands how big the problem is. He says, "In the past we didn't see it that way. We took the plastic garbage and threw it back into the water. I think that after a few year here we have realized the problem. Nothing is thrown into the water; we collect everything and bring it to shore.
1. What worries Martin most about plastic wastes at the beginning?A.They pollute the sea environment. |
B.They affect the quality and taste of fish. |
C.They prevent the fishing nets from working well. |
D.They kill wildlife and reduce his fishing amount. |
A.Getting more money to support the project. |
B.Getting help from other European countries. |
C.Spreading the cleanup project to more places. |
D.Praising the European Union for their helping to the oceans. |
A.Its members do a lot of work for free. |
B.It has stopped using plastic fishing equipment. |
C.It has made positive changes to fight plastic wastes. |
D.Its members find people sill throw the garbage carelessly. |
A.New programs are changing fishermen's life |
B.Money is given to Spanish fishermen to clean up oceans |
C.Traditional fishing equipment causes a lot of plastic wastes |
D.Spanish fishermen are encouraging people to clean up oceans |
【推荐2】Threequarters of a million tourists flock to the white beaches every year, but this booming industry has come at a price. Poisonous smoke rising from open fires, rubbish made up of plastic bottles, packets..., it’s a far cry from the white sands, clear waters and palm trees that we associate with the Maldives (马尔代夫), the paradise island holiday destination set in the Indian Ocean.
Of its 200 inhabited islands, which are spread across an area of 35, 000 square miles, 99 are good resorts (旅游胜地).So many tourists come every year, more than double the local population. Of these, over 100, 000 travel from the UK. The capital, Male, is four times more densely populated than London. Given these facts, it’s hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal problem.
Years ago, when the tourists left, the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish. Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping ground. Four miles west of Male is the country’s dumping ground, Thilafushi.What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners would like to clap eyes.Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day.The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day.
Now, since many waste boats, tired of waiting seven hours or more, directly offload their goods into the sea, the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island. So, the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead.
1. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 can probably be understood as“________”.A.It’s quite similar to |
B.It’s a long distance from |
C.It’s a loud shout from |
D.It’s totally different from |
A.The large local population. |
B.Too many waste boats. |
C.The large number of tourists. |
D.Dumping rubbish into the sea. |
A.It is much more crowded in Male than in London. |
B.Another island will be used as a dumping ground. |
C.No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives. |
D.Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea. |
【推荐3】Starbucks will stop using plastic straws from its stores globally by 2020, in a nod to the growing push for businesses to be more environmentally friendly. The Seattle-based company said on Monday it will instead use straws made from other materials, and lids designed not to need straws. McDonald's also recently said it would switch to paper straws in the UK and Ireland by next year, and test alternatives to plastic straws in some US locations. In February, Dunkin' Donuts said that it would refuse polystyrene foam (塑料泡沫) cups from its stores by 2020.
Environmental activists have been pressuring businesses to ditch plastic straws because they can end up in the ocean and hurt marine life. The push gained great support after a video in 2015 showed rescuers removing a straw from a sea turtle's nose in great detail. Local governments have also been looking at the issue. Last week, Seattle’s ban on single-use plastic straws and utensils in food service outlets took effect, and Starbucks says it already offers alternative straws there. Similar proposals are being considered elsewhere, including New York and San Francisco.
While straws have become a highly-concerned issue, they make up only about 4% of the plastic trash by number of pieces, and far less by weight. Straws add up to only about 2,000 tons of the nearly 9m tons of plastic waste that hits waters each year.
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A.Some businesses are shouldering their social responsibility. |
B.Paper straws will be popular in the UK and Ireland. |
C.The use of plastic straws has been stopped. |
D.There will be alternatives to plastic straws. |
A.To show how to rescue sea turtles. |
B.To explain how to remove plastic straws. |
C.To emphasize the necessity of stopping plastic straws. |
D.To get the readers’ support. |
A.plastic straws do little harm |
B.plastic waste should be highly focused on |
C.plastic waste gets to waters more easily |
D.plastic straws are a highly-concerned issue |
A.Refuse plastic straws in companies. |
B.Replace plastic straws with alternatives. |
C.Stop using plastic products in catering business. |
D.Reduce plastic waste by combined efforts. |
【推荐1】From the moa in New Zealand to the dodo in Mauritius (both of these two flightless birds have died out), the arrival of humans has often spelled extinction for tasty but previously isolated animals. Many scientists had assumed that the woolly rhinos (长毛犀牛) suffered the same thing. But Love Dalén, a professor at the Centre for Palaeogenetics in Stockholm. and Edana Lord, one of Dr Dalén's PhD students, are not so sure.
Until recently, information on the story of this great ice-age animal had been limited to the fossilized bones (骨骼化石). In the past couple of decades, however, scientists have learned to use a richer source of information: ancient genomes (基因组). By itself, DNA breaks down quickly, attacked by water and sunlight. But DNA covered in bones and teeth can survive longer, especially if those bones and teeth are themselves in permanent frozen land. It was this sort of DNA that enabled Dr Dalén and Ms Lord to investigate the woolly rhinos' disappearance.
Working with a team of colleagues, the researchers obtained DNA from 12 woolly rhino bones collected from permafrost in Siberia. Analyzing the genetic diversity of the bones, the researchers found that rather than declining as humans arrived, the population of rhinos remained stable from 29,000 years ago to 18,500 years ago, a few thousand years before they died out. Perhaps the people who met the animals found them distasteful. Or perhaps the rhinos were simply too dangerous to hunt with their simple weapons.
On the other hand, the animals' decline lines up suggestively with a rapid period of global warming that began around 14,700 years ago. The researchers argue that this was the more likely cause of the animals' disappearance. This time, it seems, it was Mother Nature who did it.
1. What probably caused the extinction of the moa and the dodo?A.Human activity. | B.Geographical disasters. |
C.Lack of food. | D.Climate change. |
A.By testing DNA itself. |
B.By collecting fossilized bones. |
C.By analyzing ancient genomes. |
D.By studying the permanent frozen land. |
A.They disappeared quickly. |
B.They decreased in numbers. |
C.They were hunted as foo |
D.They co-existed with humans long |
A.Mother Nature Is Actually the Killer |
B.What Killed Woolly Rhinos? |
C.Woolly Rhino Bones Were Found in Siberia |
D.What Happened to Woolly Rhinos? |
【推荐2】Thousands of emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in Antarctica are believed to have died because of record-low sea ice levels that caused a catastrophic breeding (繁殖) failure in late 2022, according to new research.
Analysis of satellite images showed the break-up of the stable sea ice and the disappearance of the colonies at a time when chicks had not yet grow n their waterproof feathers. Scientists have said emperor penguins face an uncertain future under global heating because they are so dependent on sea ice.
The research said that the breeding failures in the Bellingshausen Sea never happened before, as it was the first time multiple colonies across a large region had all failed in a single season. “It’s a worrying story,” said Dr. Peter Fretwell, a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey and the lead author of the research. “The sea ice loss has been far quicker than we imagined.” Many parts of the region had near-total loss of sea ice. Fretwell estimated as many as 7,000 chicks may have perished. “In some cases it’s possible the sea broke up into smaller floes (浮冰) or under the feet of the penguins,” he said. “If immersed, the chicks will drown. If they get back on to the ice floes, they will freeze because of lack of their waterproof feathers.”
Dr. Barbara Wienecke, a senior research scientist at the Australian Antarctic Division, said“They still have their down y plumage (全身茸毛). If the ice breaks out before they can safely enter the water, the plumage becomes so wet that the chicks die of exposure. It’s extraordinarily upsetting to think of this happening.”
Both Wienecke and Fretwell said predictions of the future for the penguin species may have to be revised, with the risk potentially greater than previously feared. Fretwell said: “It’s only by changing our behaviour and the amounts of fossil fuels we use will we completely change the situation for these emperor penguins, and many other species. How bad it gets is still up to us.”
1. Which can describe the situation of the emperor penguin chicks?A.Promising. | B.Alarming. | C.Hopeless. | D.Inspiring. |
A.They are dying of food shortages. |
B.They are finding new habitats for breeding. |
C.They have learned how to swim in the ice water. |
D.They don’t have the kind of feathers protecting them. |
A.Appeared. | B.Adapted. | C.Escaped. | D.Died. |
A.Fossil fuels are to blame for the destruction. |
B.We should change our behaviour to save the penguins. |
C.We should not fear the potential risk as it can be removed. |
D.More research should be done to ensure the positive changes. |
【推荐3】Native wild horses in North America went extinct 10,000 years ago.In the 16th century, European settlers brought domesticated (驯化了的) horses to this continent,and their population multiplied.Some people consider them as a reintroduced native species,while others see them as invasive pests that damage ecosystems.Today there are more wild horses in the American West than the land can support,and the government has to control their numbers through birth-control vaccines and occasional but controversial killings.
However,Erick Lundgren,a postdoc at Aarhus University,notes that large plant-eaters play a crucial role in the ecosystem,where grass and shrubs are either consumed by animals or burned. Therefore,reintroducing extinct plant-eating mammals,like wild horses in this case, could potentially reduce the occurrence of fires.He advocates taking them off the rang-elands (牧场),where they’re hated for competing with cattle for food,and strategically placing them where they can do what they do best and benefit the environment.
Although conservationists generally prefer native organisms to restore ecosystems, non-native species can fill in the ecological gaps left by extinct animals.A lot of research still looks at how bad invasive species are for the environment,but that’s not the only possibility. For example,Australian saltwater crocodiles that were nearly extinct in the 1970s are now a species of“least concern”,thanks to the invasive pigs they’ve come to feast on.
“People will protest that a species doesn’t belong here.But the word ‘belong’isn’t science;it’s nativism.”Lundgren said.Many of the areas we consider“wilderness”today were ecologic created by native people who pruned (修剪) plants and watched over controlled burns.“We’re changing the planet quickly yet refusing to let the living beings on it change with it.”he said.If we take away the issue of belonging and consciously assign the non-native species a role to play,what we’re left with is a wilder and more diverse world.
1. What do we know about wild horses in North America today?A.Their population grows rapidly. |
B.They are native to the continent. |
C.Their living spaces are narrowing. |
D.They are protected from being killed. |
A.Leave them undisturbed. |
B.Remove them from rang-elands. |
C.Promote their reproductive rate. |
D.Utilize their grass-eating nature. |
A.The value of non-native animals. |
B.The efforts in ecosystem restoration. |
C.The need for protecting native species. |
D.The importance of preserving biodiversity. |
A.Reducing human impact on nature. |
B.Forbidding invasion of new species. |
C.Staying open to non-native animals. |
D.Returning animals to native habitats. |
【推荐1】Before moving to Stokholm, I did my research on Sweden and was confident about my move. However, I quickly realized on my first day that so much of what I learned was so very wrong. There are many things that a Google search cannot show about Sweden.
The first is fika. A fika is taking a break from whatever you are doing to enjoy a coffee with friends. Swedes value community highly so it makes sense that they would like to set aside time each day to reconnect with others. Fika is a great time to meet new people as well as catch up with friends.
I grew up in the American South where everyone is very friendly. I found that little things like not being asked my life story at the coffee shop by the waiter upset me. However, Swedish people are not rude. Instead, they practice being logom, which means “just enough”.
The winters can be very dark and cold, so the Swedish people do not take any sunny day for granted. Since the weather has been fine, I have found myself walking a lot around Stockholm. Often it is easiest to get from place to place by walking, which allows you to see so much of the city and enjoy the fresh air. Though it has been very tiring to get used to, it also has made me feel better about all of the kardemummabullar that I have been eating!
I think it is important for students who want to study abroad to know that it is hard to move to countries no matter how “similar” you may think they may be. You have to jump in with both feet and be patient with yourself as well as others. As long as you keep an open mind and are willing to learn, you will have a great experience.
1. What do we know about fika?A.It is a waste of time. | B.It is a way to balance life and work. |
C.It is all about drinking coffee. | D.It is a Swedish social tradition. |
A.They are friendly. | B.They seem a bit cold. |
C.They appear really rude. | D.They are interested in other's life. |
A.It is fun and not very tiring. | B.It is good exercise on cold days. |
C.It allows her to enjoy sunny days. | D.It gives her the chance to eat the local food. |
A.Be confident. | B.Be careful. |
C.Be open- minded. | D.Be hard- working. |
【推荐2】Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, "The British are the only people who like to be told how bad things are." This is definitely true of British comedy. Most people think humor is about happy things, but for the British, the opposite is true. We love to use our cruel sense of humor to complain and be negative.
British comedy, for example, draws a fine line between comedy and tragedy. BBC's The Office is a TV show, famous for its dry humor. The main character, David Brent, is a foolish man, and the show's comedy comes from his delusions. For example, he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewer can see that everyone hates him.
Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain. In Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night, the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on. The audience will laugh away, although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic individual.
This side of British humor is reflected in friendships as well. At university, my friends and I would always laugh at one another. I had an American friend who actually found this sarcasm (挖苦) quite upsetting. She didn't realize that in Britain, the better friends you are with someone, the more you laugh at them.
This approach-laughing at everything-may sound rather depressing, but our strange humor played a big part in British history. In World War II, along with a stiff upper lip (坚定沉着),the British got through it by laughing. What else was there to do?
There is a saying in English: "Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone." If you are ever on the receiving end of British sarcasm, you may feel like crying, but it's best to just laugh it off!
1. How is British comedy different from other types?A.It is often surprising and boring. |
B.It often laughs at human nature. |
C.It often makes people feel depressed. |
D.It is often about negative things. |
A.To show one of the best examples of British comedy. |
B.To prove Britain has a long tradition of laughing at stupid characters. |
C.To show how difficult it is to make people accept British comedy. |
D.To explain how Shakespeare's comedy is different. |
A.Reply sarcastically. |
B.Don't take it seriously. |
C.Learn from it. |
D.Be careful not to make stupid mistakes. |
【推荐3】What would you like to do first, when a storm is coming? Perhaps, leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety! But there are a few people who will get into cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.
“Storm chasing(追逐)” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby, especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop.
Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm seasons.
Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”
However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth.”
1. For storm chasing, storm chasers should first ________.A.stay patiently for the storm to develop |
B.collect information for a coming storm |
C.drive straight to the center of the storm |
D.find shelters to hide themselves at once |
A.to do it in an organized way | B.to stay far away from a storm |
C.to spend much more time on it | D.not to run along in a heavy rain |
A.a lot of money is spent in chasing storm |
B.a storm gifts the greatest show on Earth |
C.storm chasing is worth hours of waiting |
D.the best view deserves your being brave |
A.Storm chasing is just a game fit for young people. |
B.Some storm chasers were killed during the storms. |
C.Sometimes storm chasers just feel a bit disappointed. |
D.Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world. |