电压表V(量程3V,内阻约50kΩ));
电流表A1(量程200μA,内阻约200Ω));
电流表A2(量程5mA,内阻约20Ω));
电流表A3(量程0.6A,内阻约1Ω));
滑动变阻器R(最大阻值为50Ω));
电源E(电源电动势为4V);
开关S、导线若干。
(1)在所提供的电流表中应选用
(2)在虚线框中画出测该电阻丝的电阻的实验电路图。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/5/6/2973607308132352/2974291750567936/STEM/f72036dc-f18a-4332-a7e9-5c8c053745fb.png?resizew=189)
(3)若测得电阻丝的长度为L、直径为d、阻值为Rx,则该电阻丝的电阻率表达式
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
相似题推荐
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b3124e592682ae8b7a39711b368d31e.png)
A.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c6de655d1201669adc776316b52dfeeb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd842426cfa6e92c5dfbd52d6ada1104.png)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a26df6986b304cbb66b289b6e9c04038.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8b9c62aa5896be3f5d4dc898d25cf57b.png)
C.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/478abdd84506a8ef759e353a238db6c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/45f7c8e122f310aa3f5d49d064f07099.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/deb4bcbd9cbba7000bf5154da782db51.png)
D.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/90e8ac562f89260334ce1003fc200475.png)
E.直流电源
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3b9c8284c56481ced166bf7837f718a.png)
F.一个开关和导线若干
G.螺旋测微器,游标卡尺
(1)如图,用螺旋测微器测金属棒直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efa9fbcfb9595e2f031aa691db4564b.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/2/92dd46b7-ca02-4ec0-b7b3-41538ff88f32.png?resizew=427)
(2)请根据题目提供的器材,为尽可能方便、精确测量金属棒的阻值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/2/e9f6499d-b23c-442c-99bd-c2f1c5bac280.png?resizew=217)
(3)请根据你设计的正确电路图,求得金属棒电阻的表达式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d784ac902fe86e7bdcdd3fa5cc3ba83.png)
(4)金属棒电阻率的表达式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/45de110de50eb65de1806a9cfb22a92d.png)
(1)图甲中游标卡尺的读数为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/7/f644f412-98dc-4963-ab46-96917c201beb.png?resizew=473)
(2)已知金属丝的阻值约为5Ω。现用伏安法测量其阻值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.电池组(3V,内阻不计)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
D.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
E.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
G.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
H.开关、导线
上述器材中,电流表应选
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
(3)请按要求在图乙方框中画出实验电路图,并标出所选器材符号
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/27/296e0b55-a395-4be5-815d-cc5d6c0c8c3a.png?resizew=281)
①若电流表示数为零、电压表示数为E,则发生故障的是
②若电流表、电压表示数均为零,该同学利用多用电表检查故障.先将选择开关旋至
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6596d4a28bd3ae8ee5d91177ef6ec73.png)
电池组E(电动势为3.0V,内阻约1Ω);
电流表A1(量程0~100mA,内阻约10Ω);
电流表A2(量程0~0.6A,内阻约1Ω);
电阻箱R(0~999.9Ω);
开关、导线若干。
为了更准确地进行测量,他设计了如图甲所示的实验电路,并按如下的主要实验步骤进行操作:
A.用螺旋测微器在电阻丝上三个不同的位置分别测量电阻丝的直径;
B.正确连接电路后,将电阻箱接入电路的阻值调到最大,闭合开关;
C.将金属夹夹在电阻丝上某位置,调整电阻箱接入电路中的电阻值,使电流表满偏,记录电阻箱的电阻值R和接入电路的电阻丝长度L;
D.改变金属夹与电阻丝接触点的位置,调整电阻箱接入电路中的阻值,使电流表再次满偏。重复多次,记录每一次电阻箱的电阻值R和接入电路的电阻丝长度L。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/3/5/2671263326502912/2671419654275072/STEM/2d4be16a-015e-409c-a7ee-1afabb861ca3.png?resizew=254)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/3/5/2671263326502912/2671419654275072/STEM/b20fbbb1-b5ca-4c9a-8a58-376a4d531a8f.png?resizew=111)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/3/5/2671263326502912/2671419654275072/STEM/2e595363-2059-497b-ae54-bb10e9c14704.png?resizew=204)
(1)某次用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝直径时其示数如图乙所示,则这次测量中该电阻丝直径的测量值d=
(2)实验中电流表成选择
(3)小明用记录的多组R和对应的L绘出了如图丙所示的L-R关系图线,图线在R轴的截距为R0在L轴的截距为L0,再结合测出的电阻丝直径d和已知常数π,可求出这种电阻丝材料的电阻率ρ=
(4)若在本实验中的操作、读数及计算均正确无误,那么由于电流表内阻的存在,对电阻率的测量结果是否会产生影响?若有影响,请说明测量结果将偏大还是偏小;若无影响,请说明理由。(要求有分析过程)答:
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,其示数如图所示,则该金属丝直径的测量值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/13/ddfa8d42-eddd-48d8-bc47-0939765dcaea.png?resizew=122)
(2)有两位同学所设计的测量电路的一部分分别如图甲、乙所示,若分别用这两个电路进行实验,则测量值比真实值偏小的应是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/13/452d1328-fd10-4d21-b346-454d27223b0d.png?resizew=317)
(3)按图丙所示的电路图测量金属丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/13/8530bdf8-1453-450b-aacf-46d6dbe0051c.png?resizew=146)
电压表V(量程0~3V,内阻约3kΩ); 电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
为了调节方便,测量准确,实验中电流表应选
A.电压表0~3V,内阻约为5kΩ;
B.电压表0~15V,内阻约为50kΩ;
C.电流表0~0.6A,内阻约为0.5Ω;
D.电流表0~3A,内阻约为0.1Ω;
E.滑动变阻器(0~5Ω);
F.两节干电池、开关及导线若干。
(1)要求待测金属丝两端的电压从零开始连续变化,电压表应选
(2)请在右侧虚线框中将电路图补充完整。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/15/a22d3142-3dda-41be-b735-35ce7715da1d.png?resizew=249)
【推荐1】做测定金属丝的电阻率的实验中,若待测电阻丝的电阻约为5Ω,要求测量结果尽量准确,备有以下器材:
A.电池组(3V,内阳r=1Ω)
B.电流表(0-3A,内阻约0.0125Ω)
C.电流表(0-0.6A,内阻约0.125Ω)
D.电压表(0-3V,内阻约4kΩ)
E.电压表(0-15V,内阳约15kΩ)
F.滑动变阻器(0-20Ω,允许最大电流1A)
G.开关、导线
(1)上述器材中应选用的电流表和电压表分别是
(2)在本实验中,某同学用游标卡尺和螺旋测微器测该电阻丝的长度L和直径d如下图,则用螺旋测微器测金属丝的直径为
(3)实验电路应采用如图所示哪个
(4)按通开关,改变滑动受阻器滑片P的位置。并记录对应的电流表示数I,电压表示数U。
(5)用实验过程中测量的物理量对应的字母表示电阻率,则该电阻丝电阻率的表达式为=
(1)小明先进行了如图甲方案的测量。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/6/4/2477299725393920/2477643600461824/STEM/99e8ef30-f481-4ae1-8537-a6707816eea5.png?resizew=404)
① 他首先用米尺测出接入电路中金属丝的长度l=50.00cm,再利用螺旋测微器测金属丝直径,示数如图所示,则金属丝直径的测量值d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/6/4/2477299725393920/2477643600461824/STEM/d8a7725d-5616-4618-ad65-ba15395bfb8f.png?resizew=102)
② 实验过程中,小明移动滑动变阻器的滑片分别处于不同的位置,并依次记录了两电表的测量数据如下表所示,其中5组数据的对应点他已经标在如图所示的坐标纸上,请你标出余下一组数据的对应点,并画出U - I图线
实验次数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
U/V | 0.90 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.80 | 2.10 | 2.40 |
I/A | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.49 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/6/4/2477299725393920/2477643600461824/STEM/035e9948-3498-485d-a742-e6961481696c.png?resizew=259)
③ 该方案测得的金属丝的电阻率ρ=
(2)小明又进行了如图乙方案的测量,实验中闭合开关S后,他可以通过改变接线夹(即图乙中滑动变阻器符号上的箭头)接触金属丝的位置以控制接入电路中金属丝的长度,并通过改变电阻箱接入电路中的阻值R,保持电流表示数不变。记录电阻箱接入电路中的阻值R和对应接入电路中金属丝长度L的数据,并在R-L坐标系中描点连线,作出R-L的图线如图所示。请用金属丝的直径d、R-L图线斜率的绝对值k和必要的常数,写出该金属丝电阻率测量值的表达式ρ=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/6/4/2477299725393920/2477643600461824/STEM/65f4fb7b-c06c-4c92-b610-783523780d9a.png?resizew=268)
(3)实验过程中,小明同学长时间保持电路闭合。请从实验误差考虑,分析说明这样的操作对电阻率的测量有何影响
(4)电表的内阻可能对实验产生系统误差,请你分别就这两种方案说明电表内阻对电阻率测量结果是否会产生影响
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/27/f97502f2-c8ca-4a68-ba70-e83a3491865b.png?resizew=223)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,其中某一次测量结果如图所示,其读数应为
(2)用伏安法测金属丝的电阻Rx。实验所用器材为电池组(电压3V)、电流表(内阻约0.1Ω)、电压表(内阻约3kΩ)、滑动变阻器R(0~20Ω,额定电流2A)、开关、导线若干。
某小组同学利用以上器材正确连接好电路,进行实验测量,记录数据如下:
次数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
U/V | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 2.30 |
I/A | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.160 | 0.220 | 0.340 | 0.460 | 0.520 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/27/68924058-a818-45ac-9c6a-eaf323c72259.png?resizew=242)
(3)根据以上数据可以估算出金属丝电阻率约为
A.1×10-2Ω·m B.1×10-3Ω·m
C.1×10-6Ω·m D.1×10-8Ω·m
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a5cc49fdf0306b7be2c7ae0a3098dea5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
现有电源
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/05e96e34619ee5a5a955bad36e50573a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5103b77554332a5d3974d11907aebdbd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3044b05846fd0ea2195671051875d1bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d343fe2d6754cfedf5578b53202bb72.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f67b39c0ca3f47e835d86d77296b59b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c63568032356d959780d3a2beb6849f2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b88fbafd9980954cdf09b30fa8f15aa5.png)
(1)为减小测量误差,实验电路应采用图中的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/2/2605453713801216/2606080986267648/STEM/a54faee3-98d2-413c-b077-c34a237f8f49.png?resizew=290)
(2)如图是测量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/2/2605453713801216/2606080986267648/STEM/b5760b93-85ed-4673-b572-179ca776cdcd.png?resizew=295)
(3)接通开关,改变滑动变阻器滑片P的位置,并记录对应的电流表示数I、电压表示数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ec162c21612b0a414bd8b292255dacf2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd8c54571453a26ff15a51747382854b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/2/2605453713801216/2606080986267648/STEM/d50a9a68-bcbe-4ef0-90a7-d5e964b00ab3.png?resizew=340)
(4)若在(1)问中选用甲电路,产生误差的主要原因是
A.电流表测量值小于流经
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
C.电压表测量值小于
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
(5)现有一个电流表G,内阻Rg=30
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
①若要把它改装成量程为0~3V的电压表,要
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
②若要把它改装成量程为0~0.6A的电流表,要
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
(1)用电压表(内阻约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/951f5dfc2ee88b950c0a4322d9236ce4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9db144c76e36b0c4d950698b2bbc39f9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/77a6041c88c8701ce1068b611f27aa4a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dfd13d3c461ca6927427425f8e7be74c.png)
B.将选择开关旋转到“×100”位置
C.将选择开关旋转到OFF位置
D.将两表笔接触待测电阻两端,测出其阻值后随即断开
E.将两表笔直接接触,调节欧姆调零旋钮,使指针指向电阻的零刻度线位置
(3)图(c)是“测量电源的电动势和内阻”实验的电路图。某同学在实验中,闭合开关后,发现无论如何改变滑动变阻器滑片的位置,电压表示数均不变且不为零,电流表示数始终为零。为查找故障,在其它连接不变的情况下,他将电压表连接a位置的导线端分别试触b、c、d三个位置,发现试触b、c时,电压表有示数;试触d时,电压表没有示数。若电路中仅有一处故障,可判断出
C.导线cd断路 D.滑动变阻器短路
(1)用刻度尺测量电阻丝的接入长度为l=0.900m
(2)用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝直径(刻度位置如图1所示),从图中读出电阻丝的直径为
(3)为了粗测新材料电阻丝的阻值,该同学先选用多用电表“×10”挡调零后进行测量,发现表针偏转的角度很大
①为了把电阻测量得更准确些,应换用“
②重新换挡后必须将红、黑表笔
③重新测量的结果,如图2所示,读数为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/13/55dfac32-c6cd-4642-8cf3-eda320e97853.png?resizew=446)
(4)现要进一步精确测量其阻值,实验室提供了以下相关器材(要求测量结果尽量准确):
A.电池组(3V,内阻约1Ω)
B.电流表(0~3A,内阻约0.025Ω)
C.电流表(0~0.6A,内阻约0.125Ω)
D.电压表(0~3V,内阻约3kΩ)
E.电压表(0~15V,内阻约15kΩ)
F.滑动变阻器(0~20Ω,额定电流1A)
G.滑动变阻器(0~1000Ω,额定电流0.3A)
H.开关,导线
①实验时应选用的器材是
②以下电路图中
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/13/b05ea309-1348-425a-82fe-95f2811c78c9.png?resizew=318)
③若根据伏安法测出电阻丝的阻值为Rx=6.4Ω,则这种新材料电阻丝的电阻率为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/13/39a9fd46-2294-47c0-9474-2b77f6f127f5.png?resizew=149)
(5)用伏安法测金属丝电阻存在系统误差。为了减小系统误差,有人设计了如图所示的实验方案。其中Rx是待测电阻,R是电阻箱,R1、R2是已知阻值的定值电阻。合上开关S,灵敏电流计的指针偏转。将R调至阻值为R0时,灵敏电流计的示数为零。由此可计算出待测电阻Rx=