![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/21/2201dbd1-bf11-4d5f-b7fe-86b8f226743f.png?resizew=222)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,其中某一次测量结果如图所示,其读数应为
(2)老师要求同学们先用多用电表粗测金属丝的阻值,下列关于多用电表电阻挡的说法中正确的是
A.红表笔是与表内的电源的负极相连的
B.为了减小误差,应尽量使指针指在中间刻度附近
C.不管调节到哪个倍率挡位,其内阻都是相同的,等于表盘中间刻度值
D.表盘刻度是不均匀的,从欧姆0刻度处开始,刻度值越小处,刻度越密
(3)同学们用欧姆表粗测得到金属丝阻值约几欧姆,接下来老师要求同学们用伏安法准确测定金属丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
电池组(电动势为3V,内阻不计)、电流表(量程为0~0.6A,内阻约0.1Ω)、电压表(量程为0~3V,内阻约3kΩ)、滑动变阻器R(0~1Ω,额定电流2A)、开关、导线若干
要使得测量误差最小,他们测量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/21/74564c83-046d-4f5a-a248-010c2d1fd02a.png?resizew=132)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/21/2db1d5ea-bc92-49c0-9adb-127635a8ae3e.png?resizew=131)
C.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/21/463fea36-252a-46a1-bd79-e09ac97976a6.png?resizew=130)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/21/ab2e2892-5729-41ac-8066-d299dc02e66d.png?resizew=134)
(4)请根据所选的电路图,补充完成实物图2的连线,并使闭合开关的瞬间,电压表或电流表不至于被烧坏
(5)这个小组的同学在坐标纸上建立U、I坐标系,如图3所示,图中已标出了测量数据对应的7个坐标点,并描绘出U-I图线。根据以上数据可以估算出金属丝电阻率约为
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82b92d47c2f6b41b720d81fcf9629f29.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fa7c0d077bac5f465ba5282ac39e65be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c52f4639a056479fc23d4886a1a417b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/62b017edf83df902b5d557a703fe004e.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/9/19/3069727832424448/3069956006060032/STEM/1143d0b5079b494aa78f4676ddf8230e.png?resizew=385)
相似题推荐
(2)该同学研究回路中感应电动势大小与磁通量变化快慢的关系时采用了如图乙所示的实验装置,该同学用螺旋测微器测量挡光片的宽度示数如图丙所示,则挡光片的宽度d=
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54ec106b92bc77e6716692a61a15a0d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54ec106b92bc77e6716692a61a15a0d4.png)
【推荐2】某同学想要测量一新材料制成的粗细均匀电阻丝的电阻率,设计了如下的实验。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/28/1e11ff52-452f-4f5d-9f09-846f4f79b246.png?resizew=410)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝的直径,示数如图甲所示,测得其直径
(2)用多用电表粗测电阻丝的阻值。选择旋钮打在“×10”挡,进行欧姆调零后测量,发现指针偏转角度过小,调节到正确倍率,重新进行欧姆调零后再次测量,指针静止时位置如图乙所示,此测量值为
(3)为了精确地测量电阻丝的电阻,实验室提供了下列器材:
A.电流表(量程500μA,内阻
)
B.电流表(量程10mA,内阻
约为0.1Ω)
C.滑动变阻器(0~5Ω,额定电流0.5A)
D.滑动变阻器(0~10Ω,额定电流0.5A)
E.电阻箱R(阻值范围为0~9999.9Ω)
F.电源(电动势3.0V,内阻约0.2Ω)
G.开关S、导线若干
①实验小组设计的实验电路图如图丙所示。由于没有电压表,需要把电流表串联电阻箱R改为量程为3V的电压表,则电阻箱的阻值
”或“
”)。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/28/44f40023-7e37-449b-975a-2df425a40cff.png?resizew=124)
②正确连接电路后,闭合开关,调节滑动变阻器测得电流表的示数为
,电流表
的示数为
,测得电阻丝接入电路的长度为L,则电阻丝的电阻率
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/2/4/2650693904318464/2650984147968000/STEM/da9208e9-7a8a-4a9f-b315-1bb251458ca0.png?resizew=528)
(1)小明同学采用的实验方法是
(2)用螺旋测微器测量遮光片的宽度d,示数如图乙所示,读数d=
(3)某一转速时,测得向心力F=3.5N,遮光片通过光电门的时间∆t=1.5×10-3s,若圆柱体运动半径r=0.2m,则圆柱体的质量m=
①图为某次测量金属丝直径时螺旋测微器的示数,其测量值d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/3/14/2160328803287040/2162258123759616/STEM/a3f97c27-8195-4733-9b30-0b1ab888a35b.png?resizew=226)
②实验室提供的器材有:
A.电压表V1(量程0~3V,内阻约3kΩ)
B.电压表V2(量程0~15V,内阻约15kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.5Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程0~3A,内阻约0.1Ω)
E.滑动变阻器R1(0~20Ω)
F.滑动变阻器R2(0~500Ω)
G.电源E(电动势为3.0V、内阻不计)、开关和导线若干
从以上器材中选择合适的器材进行实验,则电压表应选择
③要求在流过金属丝的电流相同情况下,电源的输出功率最小,并能较准确地测出金属丝的阻值,实验电路应选用图中的
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/3/14/2160328803287040/2162258123759616/STEM/ab9b4a42-6f77-4921-86f5-9b743618ebbc.png?resizew=496)
④某同学建立了U-I坐标系,并将测量数据描绘成坐标点,如图所示.请你根据坐标点描绘出U-I图线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/104d13a3453c8730d00c3192df071895.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/104d13a3453c8730d00c3192df071895.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/3/14/2160328803287040/2162258123759616/STEM/49f3b6a4-8570-469e-9e54-27cc63328f02.png?resizew=319)
⑤关于本实验的误差,下列说法正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径时,由于读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.由电流表和电压表内阻引起的误差属于偶然误差
C.若将电流表和电压表内阻计算在内,可以消除由测量仪表引起的系统误差
D.用U-I图象处理数据求金属丝的电阻可以减小偶然误差
(1)如图所示
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/11/6/2586910890156032/2587016092131328/STEM/8edb558d-519b-4da2-8a8d-1e21fcb7d60f.png?resizew=393)
先用多用电表欧姆挡的“×10”挡粗测其电阻为
(2)为更精确测量笔芯电阻,除待测笔芯
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46ad1a9cd19361d1f7a2340d76d50c80.png)
电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
电源E(电动势约为3V,内阻约为1Ω)
开关S,导线若干
①为了测得多组实验数据,请在虚线框内画出最合理的电路图,并标明所选器材符号;
②该实验中笔芯电阻的测量值
③用所测金属丝直径d、长度L、电压U、电流I,写出电阻率的表达式
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/11/6/2586910890156032/2587016092131328/STEM/2509871757504cf1a30b733e5b81f9c3.png?resizew=427)
电流表A1(量程60 mA,内阻约为10Ω);
电流表A2(量程3A,内阻约为0.12Ω);
电压表V1(量程3V,内阻约为3000Ω);
电压表V2(量程15 V,内阻约为15000Ω);
电源E(电动势约为4V,内阻约为0.2 Ω);
定值电阻R(30 Ω,允许最大电流10A);
滑动变阻器R1(0~10Ω,允许最大电流2.0 A)
滑动变阻器R2(0~500Ω,允许最大电流0.5A);
开关S一个,导线若干。
(1)电流表应选
(2)请画出测量电阻Rx的实验电路图,并标注出各元件代号
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/15/09d3406a-1418-444e-862a-24a4c905c074.png?resizew=195)
(3)某次测量中,电压表示数为U时,电流表示数为I,则待测电阻阻值的表达式Rx=
(1)他先用螺旋测微器测量圆环材料圆形横截面的直径d如图乙所示,则d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/6/22/1972512647725056/1973691037048832/STEM/84f65bc0530c42aeaf4da97b857c2961.png?resizew=301)
(2)他再用如图丙所示的电路测量该圆环的电阻,图中圆环接入电路的两点恰好位于一条直径上,电压表的量程为5 V.电键S闭合后,电压表右端接到a点时电压表示数为4.5 V、电流表示数为1.8 mA,接到b点的电压表示数为4.6 V、电流表示数为1.6 mA.为了减小电阻的测量误差,他应该把电压表的右端接在
(3)实验中发现电流表损坏,他又找到另外一个量程为2 V,内阻为R1的电压表V1替代电流表完成了实验.实验中电压表V和V1的示数分别为U和U1,改变滑片位置测得多组U、U1数据,他作出了UU1图像为一条直线,如图丁所示,测得该直线的斜率为k,则金属圆环材料的电阻率的表达式为
(1)用螺旋测微器测定合金丝直径如图,则合金丝的直径为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/8/4/1575909962735616/1575909963063296/STEM/15383431-0af3-4c82-b5bc-298b67a46224.png?resizew=158)
(2)用伏安法测金属丝的电阻Rx。实验所用器材为:电池组(电动势3 V,内阻约1 Ω)、电流表(内阻约0.1 Ω)、电压表(内阻3 kΩ)、滑动变阻器R(0~20 Ω,额定电流2 A)、开关、导线若干。 某小组同学利用以上器材正确连接好电路,进行实验测量,记录数据如下:
次数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
U/V | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 2.30 |
I/A | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.160 | 0.220 | 0.340 | 0.460 | 0.520 |
由以上实验数据可知,他们测量Rx是采用的
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/8/4/1575909962735616/1575909963063296/STEM/7720a532-67fe-416b-a569-75a15cd1d479.png?resizew=269)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/8/4/1575909962735616/1575909963063296/STEM/093d317e-1c4e-4e3d-a333-e80d331e46a0.png?resizew=237)
(3)任何实验测量都存在误差。本实验所用测量仪器均已校准。下列关于误差的说法中正确的选项是
A.用螺旋测微器测量金属丝直径时,由于读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.由于电流表和电压表内阻引起的误差属于偶然误差
C.若将电流表和电压表的内阻计算在内,可以消除由测量仪表引起的系统误差
D.用U-I图像处理数据求金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ec93c110d3f0f8ff7de893c11cd29bfd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac5de0509aedeed60371d11fdea241ac.png)
(1)图为某次测量金属丝直径时螺旋测微器的示数,其测量值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/10/15/2571404454264832/2583718428852224/STEM/c66acb15-1f18-4bb5-b8f5-9f0f4e4709fc.png?resizew=260)
(2)实验室提供的器材有:
A.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46ad1a9cd19361d1f7a2340d76d50c80.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67f348292d1ed41299d0e260fc951388.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f281e85fffd9edc43576e43fddaf501a.png)
B.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c688d3183cdee79c0ce7d84a23a38c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a72ddc0f8fcb234dbfc37dc95bd6b009.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab384ebebf40aa0678ed71c2b077bde9.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/64eea08dbac8bc0aa845c8541672a9b1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/18272de321cc63816e181b145b681455.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2408626042de5d915bdac4fe37a5b85d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fdaf2cad1459a4b587da336b6969b63b.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5f6215de31e04d304ca537112b9583a5.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a1590760b85ff4affe4403e97e77f47.png)
G.电源
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85b0e51d98e0e163444c5b397eca276a.png)
开关和导线若干
从以上器材中选择合适的器材进行实验,则电压表应选择
(3)利用图示电路做实验并读出几组数据。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/10/15/2571404454264832/2583718428852224/STEM/4232306b-0566-4626-835a-03516e9be66d.png?resizew=167)
某同学建立了
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/704338abbf72e7986367b7e709bf9019.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/704338abbf72e7986367b7e709bf9019.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/10/15/2571404454264832/2583718428852224/STEM/85768df9-7f35-432d-866a-4aa959f11fec.png?resizew=294)
(4)关于本实验的误差,下列说法正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径时,由于读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.由电流表和电压表内阻引起的误差属于偶然误差
C.若将电流表和电压表内阻计算在内,可以消除由测量仪表引起的系统误差
D.用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3bb45549c1751a7739bef51fb37aa1f2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d945368499bfc901be3d60cbcdac557.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0ee12811d949bc3d64173bd04ad43d3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/25/d7937aa4-f708-499e-adb7-e35d898b7ba5.png?resizew=398)
(1)甲图中的a端应与
(2)当电路图为甲图时,欧姆表的倍率为“×100”,某同学将图甲中的a、b端短接,为使微安表G满偏,调节
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/908ed97cddf8f54571407b36a4c0996a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c530f4d332a2b0d312a9e71d4f697961.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
(3)该同学将微安表G与电阻箱
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
A.多用电表
B.电压表Vl,量程3V,内阻约5kΩ
C.电压表V2,量程15V,内阻约25kΩ
D.电流表Al,量程0.6A,内阻约0.2Ω
E.电流表A2,量程3A,内阻约0.04Ω
F.电源,电动势E=3.0V
G.滑动变阻器Rl,最大阻值5Ω,最大电流为3A
H.滑动变阻器R2,最大阻值200Ω,最大电流为1.5A
I.电键S、导线若干
(1). 在用多用电表粗测电阻时,该兴趣小组首先选用“×10”欧姆挡,其阻值如图甲中指针所示,为了减小多用电表的读数误差,多用电表的选择开关应换用
(2).按正确的操作程序再一次用多用电表测量该待测电阻的阻值时,其阻值如图乙中指针所示,则Rx的阻值大约是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2012/2/13/1575202408693760/1575202440544256/STEM/0567e7fb-e995-41c4-973d-e8fecceec566.png?resizew=589)
(3). 在用伏安法测量该电阻的阻值时,要求尽可能准确,并且待测电阻的电压从零开始可以连续调节,则在上述提供的器材中电压表应选
(4).在虚线框内画出用伏安法测量该电阻的阻值时的实验电路图.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2012/2/13/1575202408693760/1575202440544256/STEM/8d446f29-b30f-4447-9719-34471126dac4.png?resizew=177)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/9/9/2804253614596096/2807939455500288/STEM/760ea64d-fede-4659-ad1f-957a8f0def08.png?resizew=236)
(1)通过一个单刀多掷开关S,接线柱B可以分别与触点1、2、3、4、5接通,从而实现使用多用电表测量不同物理量的功能。图中的E是电池,R3是电池内阻,R6是欧姆调零电阻,AB分别与黑、红表笔相接。R1、R2、R4、R5都是定值电阻,表头G的满偏电流为20 mA,内阻为Rg。已知R1+R2=4Rg,R4=360 Ω,R5=1600 Ω。 关于此多用电表,下列说法正确的是
A.图中B是红表笔
B.当S接触点1或2时,多用电表处于测量电流的挡位,且接1时的量程比接2时大
C.当S接触点3时,多用电表处于测量电阻的挡位,倍率越大,滑动变阻器接入阻值越大
D.当S接触点4、5时,多用电表处于测量电压的挡位,且接4比接5时量程大
(2)该学习小组将“B”端与“3”相接,将A、B表笔短接,调节R6.进行欧姆调零后测量未知电阻。得到通过表头G的电流与被测未知电阻的关系如图乙所示,由此可知多用电表中电池的电动势E=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/9/9/2804253614596096/2807939455500288/STEM/7e45c546-c35a-487d-83ff-c6cbe13b79cb.png?resizew=167)
(3)实验小组用多用电表测量电源的电动势和内阻。器材有:待测电源(电动势约为8V), 定值电阻R0=8.0 Ω,多用表一只,电阻箱一只,连接实物如图丁所示,测得并记录多组数据后,得到对应的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/62fbf70c65ffc66a027eb33cc7b69df3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/9/9/2804253614596096/2807939455500288/STEM/6f4dd1a3-2316-4b6f-b0b7-bdf88c14bc11.png?resizew=453)