为测量某金属丝的电阻率,某同学设计了如图(a)所示的实验电路。请完成下列实验相关内容:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/0afa89e2-dd37-45a5-b7e0-0e569820acdc.png?resizew=253)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/95797b25-1766-411d-ab47-ef097b656ac0.png?resizew=359)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/55908e28-a3e6-4d0d-af08-1dea87e8976b.png?resizew=151)
(1)粗测金属丝的总电阻值,该同学用如图(b)所示多用电表在连接好的电路上测量:
①机械调零后将选择开关拨到“×1Ω”挡;
②将红、黑表笔短接,调节________ 旋钮,使指针指在右端零刻度处,即电流满偏的位置。
③________ ,将红、黑表笔接在金属丝两端,多用电表指针指示如图(c),则金属丝总电阻值R0=________ Ω。
(2)用螺旋测微器测金属丝直径,示数如图(d)所示,则金属丝直径d=________ mm.
(3)闭合开关S,保持电流表示数不变 ,改变并记录电阻箱的阻值R和对应接入电路中电阻丝长度L。描点作出R-L的图线如图(e)。实验过程中:R丝+R=5Ω①,结合
②及
③,得R-L的函数关系式:R=5-________ L,这样利用图像斜率可求出ρ。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/0afa89e2-dd37-45a5-b7e0-0e569820acdc.png?resizew=253)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/95797b25-1766-411d-ab47-ef097b656ac0.png?resizew=359)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/55908e28-a3e6-4d0d-af08-1dea87e8976b.png?resizew=151)
(1)粗测金属丝的总电阻值,该同学用如图(b)所示多用电表在连接好的电路上测量:
①机械调零后将选择开关拨到“×1Ω”挡;
②将红、黑表笔短接,调节
③
(2)用螺旋测微器测金属丝直径,示数如图(d)所示,则金属丝直径d=
(3)闭合开关S,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c6265213047b9b1c195967ca66736b6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79dd849d85dfcd628147cfdb42fd7e30.png)
更新时间:2023-01-08 10:51:18
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【知识点】 测量电阻丝电阻率的实验电路、实验步骤和注意事项
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实验题
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【推荐1】某小组用铜棒完成“测定金属电阻率”实验,实验步骤如下:
(1)首先通过螺旋测微器测量铜棒直径,通过游标卡尺测铜棒的长度,测量结果如图甲、乙所示,则铜棒直径![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
________
,铜棒的长度![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd1846e964fd60c54888a3c706a97442.png)
_________
。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833303265976320/2833556965933056/STEM/1fac882f-d6dc-4f10-9f51-b08f7a26280d.png?resizew=455)
(2)为了精密测量一金属丝的电阻率,某实验小组先用多用表粗测其电阻约为
,然后进行较准确测量,除待测金属丝外,实验室还备有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表
(量程
,内阻约为
) B.电压表
(量程
,内阻约为
)
C.电流表
(量程
,内阻约为
) D.电流表
(量程
,内阻约为
)
E.滑动变阻器
F.滑动变阻器![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29e470c60f77f926ed0cdaace6007896.png)
G.输出电压为
的直流稳压电源E H.电阻箱 L.开关S,导线若干
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833303265976320/2833556965933056/STEM/e58e5ee1-bfdf-46a5-ad46-e580a201d984.png?resizew=515)
为了测量范围尽可能大一些,则上述器材中应选用的实验器材有(填器材前序号)______________ ,请在虚线框内设计最合理的电路图并将图中的实物连线____________ ,但用该电路电阻的测量值________ 真实值(选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)。如果金属丝直径为D,长度为L,所测电压为U,电流为I,写出计算电阻率的表达式_____________ 。
(1)首先通过螺旋测微器测量铜棒直径,通过游标卡尺测铜棒的长度,测量结果如图甲、乙所示,则铜棒直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd1846e964fd60c54888a3c706a97442.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efa9fbcfb9595e2f031aa691db4564b.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833303265976320/2833556965933056/STEM/1fac882f-d6dc-4f10-9f51-b08f7a26280d.png?resizew=455)
(2)为了精密测量一金属丝的电阻率,某实验小组先用多用表粗测其电阻约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258f2dfed4bfce3b9950fa71dcb2d6f4.png)
A.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46ad1a9cd19361d1f7a2340d76d50c80.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d64b26bd3eaeebadf07fef49e260282.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7c0b16b9cfc067742387428f392a257.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c688d3183cdee79c0ce7d84a23a38c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ae62ccc477cd41615b417464841047f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7abbf976299d505d07fd4a9965be7240.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bc9d1ce44013cb5ba7c6038dabc2803d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85b306d50fa4b6f5dbe8f2c64677141d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6660208c18148678ba8d9dbbadef59bf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c32357e686d29f9f14b146ded3cf4f2.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1fb69a201925c66f123699d0f34d8813.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29e470c60f77f926ed0cdaace6007896.png)
G.输出电压为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b26d0e154ef213ebe194b8b5e519f13.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833303265976320/2833556965933056/STEM/e58e5ee1-bfdf-46a5-ad46-e580a201d984.png?resizew=515)
为了测量范围尽可能大一些,则上述器材中应选用的实验器材有(填器材前序号)
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【推荐2】某同学用伏安法测量待测电阻的阻值.现有器材为:待测电阻
(阻值约为
),电源(电动势
),滑动变阻器(阻值范围
),电流表(量程
,
),电压表(量程
,
),开关,导线若干.实验要求在测量电路中将电流表外接,滑动变阻器起限流作用.回答下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/9/021259e7-06d2-41aa-9345-056d6a464584.png?resizew=308)
(1)按照实验要求在图(a)中用笔画线完成连线图________ .
(2)在连线正确,闭合开关后,电压表和电流表的示数分别如图(b)和图(c)所示.由图可知,电压表读数为_______
,电流表读数为____________
.由此可得待测电阻的阻值为_______________
(计算结果保留2位有效数字).
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a5cc49fdf0306b7be2c7ae0a3098dea5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b26d0e154ef213ebe194b8b5e519f13.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/084d9190c83c6f01435d2ad13ecddf06.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db586f2c37b26089713ff02346e6d0d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bc9d1ce44013cb5ba7c6038dabc2803d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b26d0e154ef213ebe194b8b5e519f13.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/deb4bcbd9cbba7000bf5154da782db51.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/9/021259e7-06d2-41aa-9345-056d6a464584.png?resizew=308)
(1)按照实验要求在图(a)中用笔画线完成连线图
(2)在连线正确,闭合开关后,电压表和电流表的示数分别如图(b)和图(c)所示.由图可知,电压表读数为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/478abdd84506a8ef759e353a238db6c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff4489d9b83072184c0e1d6b09be50ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0cb9ad1e34877b0db02d0219332b0f7b.png)
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【推荐3】某同学欲测量一阻值大约为
,粗细均匀的金属线的电阻串。实验桌上除游标卡尺、螺旋测微器、导线和开关外,还有以下器材可供选择:
A.电源E(电动势为6.0V)
B.电压表V(量程为0~6V,内阻约为8kΩ)
C.电流表
(量程为0~0.6A,内阻约为0.2Ω)
D.电流表
(量程3A,内阻约0.05Ω)
E.滑动变阻器
(最大阻值5Ω,额定电源2A)
(1)用螺旋测微器测得该材料的直径D如图所示,读数D=______ mm。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/14/2858030299111424/2860164521369600/STEM/f1dd2638-3cca-446f-921a-fbdde13d2eba.png?resizew=323)
(2)测量导电材料的电阻时,为了便于调节,测量尽可能地准确,实验中所用电流表应选用______ (填所选仪器前的字母符号),选择合适的实验器材,在图方框内把实验原理图补充完成,把器材符号标在电路图上______ 。
(3)设测得导电材料的电阻为R,导电材料的长度为L,导电材料的直径为D,求得导电材料的电阻率为______ (用R、L、D三个物理量表述)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/78aa8e890d2ac882e0fe79598811777a.png)
A.电源E(电动势为6.0V)
B.电压表V(量程为0~6V,内阻约为8kΩ)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a18722354086c42e62334983fc50eb6a.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd3b9e816b14051f785aa5aae72b8eed.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
(1)用螺旋测微器测得该材料的直径D如图所示,读数D=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/14/2858030299111424/2860164521369600/STEM/f1dd2638-3cca-446f-921a-fbdde13d2eba.png?resizew=323)
(2)测量导电材料的电阻时,为了便于调节,测量尽可能地准确,实验中所用电流表应选用
(3)设测得导电材料的电阻为R,导电材料的长度为L,导电材料的直径为D,求得导电材料的电阻率为
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