A.电源(电动势约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc2b2c17a78210bcee15917ed1101102.png)
B.待测电线(长度约
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f631cfdf4666db95beb923072ced8d95.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3e504d00fa6b11168d2b9a353868c636.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2858005b9ae89ae080d83dcc13cf8e81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8ac2aa4ec55c8857efd709b13691c82c.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/469015d5fd7b688977dbd268cd930a56.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a8cc7abc1dd02479f3bdb01941fe4ff3.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a6f7b44014883510d3933bf20d66f44f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9840b5fa02cea57ef450c0ccb31eded2.png)
F.开关、导线若干。
(1)实验小组成员先用螺旋测微器测量该材质电线的直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
(4)根据以上数据可以估算出这捆电线的电阻率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/20269fcddd433a14255a1de1be7e24d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f92e7e0eab07c0859ae8516b0be96b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00b7551f6bf97278d9aa7efc82bde559.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e34330a09d33c970163a5d4a6452452.png)
相似题推荐
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/16/2902665086844928/2911278552825856/STEM/6882e1a6-c091-4269-b66c-f5ef3ccdcac0.png?resizew=764)
(1)该同学先用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,由图甲可知其直径D=
(2)用多用电表欧姆“×1”挡粗测该金属丝的电阻,按正确的操作进行测量,表盘的示数如图乙所示,对应的读数是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
(3)该同学想用伏安法更精确地测量金属丝的电阻,除输出电压为3V的直流稳压电源、电压表(量程0 ~ 3 V,内阻约3 kΩ)、电流表(量程0 ~ 0.6 A,内阻约0.1 Ω)、开关、导线若干外,还提供如下两种规格的滑动变阻器:滑动变阻器R1(最大阻值5Ω,额定电流2 A)、滑动变阻器R2(最大阻值1000Ω,额定电流0.5 A)
为了调节方便、且金属丝两端电压能从零开始变化,滑动变阻器应选用
(4)连接好电路后,该同学用刻度尺测得接入电路的金属丝的长度为L=31.40cm,闭合开关,调节滑动变阻器,测量金属丝两端的电压U和通过金属丝的电流I,得到多组数据,并在坐标图上标出,如图(丁)所示.根据图线得出该金属丝电阻R =
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/30/2625433418743808/2625846637576192/STEM/20de49ab-3fed-4905-a15a-40fd2637c77f.png?resizew=363)
(1)如图所示:甲图中用游标卡尺测量金属材料的长度为
(2)实验中,要求电压从零开始调节,除开关、导线外,还有如下器材:
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a18722354086c42e62334983fc50eb6a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85b306d50fa4b6f5dbe8f2c64677141d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd3b9e816b14051f785aa5aae72b8eed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c32357e686d29f9f14b146ded3cf4f2.png)
⑤
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c4764374bd2fb78e59cd0b283637baeb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dfd13d3c461ca6927427425f8e7be74c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c63055a5d6916f99d07fede49120753f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab55ae493dd089df90d243adf2ea9e2e.png)
⑦
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6dcf8b9131910b4bd9ad4e1fd4f3e16.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/03e66f9e02004f8adff8c6642c0b0ac2.png)
①实验所用到的电流表应选
②在虚线框内画出最合理的实验原理图。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/30/2625433418743808/2625846637576192/STEM/09d73df5-c2c2-4247-aada-3b61697a3faf.png?resizew=183)
(2)为准确测量金属丝的电阻,实验老师提供了以下实验器材:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/6/30/f82756c3-435c-48e7-9337-a0f80493ede3.png?resizew=487)
A.金属丝Rx(约300Ω)
B.电池组(6V、0.05Ω)
C.电流表A1(30mA,内阻约
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d757a8853133814c9a9753443c1cf82.png)
D.电流表A2(3A,内阻约0.1Ω)
E.电压表V(6V,内阻RV=30KΩ)
F.滑动变阻器R1(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b132e0cbd0e446630f4bb65804ce581.png)
G.滑动变阻器R2(25Ω,0.1A)
H.开关一个,导线若干
①该同学根据所给器材的特点,进行了实验电路的设计,实验要求通过金属丝的电流从零开始增加,则电流表应选择
②如图乙所示,该同学只连接了部分导线,请你帮助他完成实验电路的连接;
③该同学在实验中测得得到电压表的读数U、电流表的读数I、电阻丝的长度L和直径D,则用测量量和已知量表示Rx=
【推荐1】在实验室中测量一金属丝的电阻率:
(1)先用多用电表×10Ω挡粗测其电阻发现多用表指针偏角偏大,为进一步较精确测量选用合适的倍率重新欧姆调零后,测量时指针位置如图1所示,其电阻为
(2)为了减小实验误差,需进一步测其电阻,除待测金属丝外,实验室还备有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表V1(量程3V,内阻约为1.5kΩ)
B.电压表V2(量程15V,内阻约为75kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程3A,内阻约为0.2Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程0.6A,内阻约为1Ω)
E.滑动变阻器R1(0~5Ω,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
F.滑动变阻器R2(0~2000Ω,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
G.输出电压为2.5V的直流稳压电源E
H.开关S,导线若干
①为了测多组实验数据,则上述器材中电流表应选用
②根据所选仪器设计好电路,画在虚线框中。
(3)关于本实验的误差,下列说法正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器、游标卡尺测量时,由于读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.将读出的几组电表示数取平均值代入公式计算电阻可以减小误差
C.为了减小读数误差,电表读数时应多估读几位
D.利用U-I图像处理数据求出金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
(1)如图1所示,用多用电表“×1Ω”挡粗测其电阻R=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/9/14/2549390429773824/2549457010991104/STEM/ac9d233a-f89a-4bdc-87fe-8d982561e94d.png?resizew=766)
(2)为了测绘其伏安特性曲线,除待测金属丝Rx外,还备有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表V(量程3V,内阻约为15kΩ;量程15V,内阻约为75kΩ)
B.电流表A(量程0.6A,内阻约为1Ω;量程3A,内阻约为0.2Ω)
C.滑动变阻器R1(0~5Ω,0.6A)
D.滑动变阻器R2(0~2000Ω,0.1A)
E.1.5V的干电池两节,内阻不计
F.开关S,导线若干
实验要求滑动变阻器的滑片从A到B的移动过程中,电流表的示数从零开始逐渐增大,滑动变阻器应选用
(1)①在做测定金属电阻率的实验中,小游通过螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,如下图所示,测量值为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/12/8cfcfe88-8e55-4fb5-a2aa-fdc163adc634.png?resizew=134)
②他用多用电表粗测其电阻,将选择开关置于欧姆“×1”挡位置,在欧姆调零后测量其阻值时记录电表指针偏转如图所示,该电阻阻值为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/12/4646cf19-ada4-4d71-bc21-9e9db118df47.png?resizew=243)
③为研究“金属丝电阻率的测量”,小游同学在实验桌上连线完毕且正确(如图),实验操作时,发现调节滑动变阻器时,电压表示数可观且变化明显,而电流表指针偏转始终较小,请判断可能原因是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/12/95e0f2c6-f234-44e9-ae80-6198adeb87c6.png?resizew=252)
A.滑动变阻器断路 B.金属丝断路 C.电流表接入的量程太大
(2)小游同学按照实验手册的电路利用③中的仪器“测量电源电动势和内阻”,调节滑动变阻器测得多组电压表和电流表的数据,画出U-I图像如图所示,一节干电池的内阻为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/12/7f45d07e-7984-4cc5-9956-9ab6ffc641c2.png?resizew=146)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.直流电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
B.直流电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c688d3183cdee79c0ce7d84a23a38c4.png)
C.直流电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
D.直流电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
G.直流电源
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
H.开关S,导线若干
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/2/10065e31-b359-47bc-8fef-9da60635a6e9.png?resizew=177)
(1)为提高实验精确度,减小实验误差,应选用的实验器材有
(2)为减小实验误差,应选用
(3)实验中用刻度尺测得金属线长度为60.00cm,用螺旋测微器测得导线直径如下图乙所示
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/15fa22efc54f77da4a17374ca8ab67d0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/80854e09068afb6145519074e575ac36.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/2/6d01a374-f207-42d7-b011-065fb702c1dd.png?resizew=482)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efa9fbcfb9595e2f031aa691db4564b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/17/79a853aa-858b-4de3-852f-7fb5a72055d8.png?resizew=370)
若测得电阻丝的电阻为R,则电阻丝的电阻率为
(1)用螺旋测微器测得该金属丝的直径d如图甲所示,则d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/8/36e1cf2b-8197-470b-9d74-6075397be29a.png?resizew=138)
(2)为了较准确的测量该金属丝电阻,实验室提供如下器材:
A.3V直流电源
B.电流表A(量程0~0.6A,内阻约10Ω)
C.电压表V(量程0~3V,内阻约10kΩ)
D.滑动变阻器R1(阻值范围0~15Ω,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
E.滑动变阻器R2(阻值范围0~2kΩ,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
F.待测金属丝Rx、开关、导线若干
①实验中,该同学设计了如图乙、丙所示的电路,其中正确的电路图是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/8/31c8739e-7616-43de-9c93-60cb2ae499fd.png?resizew=350)
②按照正确的电路图,用笔画线代替导线在图丁中补画两条导线,完成实物电路连接
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/8/d522b6f4-5430-4602-a88f-b5f7ca91323f.png?resizew=308)
(3)图戊是根据实验中测得的6组电压、电流的值描绘的点并连成的线,由图可求出电阻值Rx=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/8/72a63987-65c8-463e-b8ab-112929c7a1d7.png?resizew=227)
(4)写出待测金属丝的电阻率的表达式ρ=
(1)现有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表V1(量程0~3V,内阻约1k)
B.电压表V2(量程0~15V,内阻约15k)
C.电流表A1(量程0~3A,内阻约0.01)
D.电流表A2(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.1)
E.滑动变阻器R(0~20)
F.电源E(电动势为3.0V)及开关和导线若干。
该同学从以上器材中选择合适的器材连接好电路进行测量,则电压表应选择
(2)请用笔画线代替导线,在图中完成实验电路连接
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/7/14/2505920177307648/2506347399913472/STEM/d1cdccbe-24c0-48c6-9384-4bdb727caa09.png?resizew=237)
(3)实验中,通过移动滑动变阻器滑片,测得数据如表所示,请你在坐标纸中描出铅笔芯的U-I图像
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/7/14/2505920177307648/2506347399913472/STEM/60669390-f9e1-4642-a217-b8fbb098e44c.png?resizew=275)
实验次数 | ...... | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
U/V | ...... | 0.90 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.80 | 2.10 | 2.40 |
I/A | ...... | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.49 |
(4)考虑到电表并不理想,铅笔芯电阻实验测量值比真实值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.待测电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
B.电压表V(3V,内阻约为3kΩ)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
G.直流电源E(3V,内阻约为1Ω)
H.开关、导线若干
(1)甲同学根据以上器材设计了用伏安法测量电阻的电路,能满足
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/6/1/2992200555462656/2992839736360960/STEM/e983e90b-3127-42c2-91dc-6418fa2dc232.png?resizew=192)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/6/1/2992200555462656/2992839736360960/STEM/3365a892-f525-42c2-85b6-1f7e2a44bb40.png?resizew=233)
(2)乙同学经过反复思考,利用所给器材设计出了如图2所示的测量电路,具体操作如下①按图连接好实验电路,闭合开关S1前调节滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
②闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/910f1655703721b51006b887a2394b6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/779629f16056a50f4c06e3996d8e1c82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
③闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/779629f16056a50f4c06e3996d8e1c82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
④比较甲、乙两同学测量电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)