某兴趣小组为了测量金属丝的电阻率和电源的电动势与内阻,设计了如图甲、乙所示的实验电路,其中为待测电阻,定值电阻的阻值
已知。
(1)测量金属丝的电阻时,要求通过金属丝的电流从零开始连续变化,实验电路图应选
(2)使用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径如图丙所示,测量时,使用螺旋测微器的A、B、C三部分的先后顺序是
(3)测量金属丝电阻时,选择正确的电路,按照规范操作,调节滑动变阻器,得到电压表V1、V2的示数的多组数值。作出
的图像,如图丁中直线
所示,斜率为
,则金属丝的电阻为
和
表示);
(4)测量电源的电动势与内阻时,选择正确的电路,按照规范操作,调节滑动变阻器,得到电压表V1、V2的示数的多组数值。作出
的图像,如图丁中直线
所示,图线中的
均已知,不考虑两电压表内阻的影响,则电源电动势
或
)表示;
(5)在上述(3)、(4)实验中,接通电路前,滑动变阻器的滑片应分别置于
A.最左端 最左端 B.最右端 最右端 C.最左端 最右端 D.最右端 最左端
相似题推荐
【推荐1】在“测定金属丝的电阻率”的实验中,用螺旋测微器测得金属丝的直径d,量程3V的电压表测得金属丝两端的电压U,测得数据如图甲、乙所示,从图中读得出d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/15/12886a2b-f0c9-4f1a-9d5d-bb87f4d35fff.png?resizew=319)
(2)“验证力的平行四边形定则”的实验情况如下图的图甲所示,其中A为固定橡皮筋的图钉,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b90e0f35eda1a729fed485f83da5ea9d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/828628c0876b45381c9a0edeb0fec236.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/15/83f15c8a-600f-4e84-b6da-bd1a6ebfe22b.png?resizew=261)
①本实验中“等效代替”的含义是
A.橡皮筋可以用弹簧替代
B.左侧弹簧测力计的作用效果可以替代右侧弹簧测力计的作用效果
C.右侧弹簧测力计的作用效果可以替代左侧弹簧测力计的作用效果
D.两弹簧测力计共同作用的效果可以用一个弹簧测力计的作用效果替代
②如果没有操作失误,图乙中的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8e55590555905eb4f57889bbd16e39a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c3d2cba96f6f03520c0b3f6e4da03e.png)
③实验中需要标记或者记录的信息有
A.橡皮条的原长
B.橡皮条处于原长时结点的位置
C.力F的大小和方向
D.力
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5076289823db419f94e9c0c8f4aafd9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3fb78c5f885034612c0e030b920143d.png)
(1)先用多用电表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/84a14f9891a7937e9e46ee118a68ec9c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/26/fc62f9ca-052f-434f-9dc1-eaa5908d1556.png?resizew=699)
(2)为了减小实验误差,需进一步测其电阻,除待测金属丝外,实验室还备有的实验器材如下:
电压表V(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d64b26bd3eaeebadf07fef49e260282.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/549b8489b17608927e9ba3f6d2da1f16.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b77e973a72860ef9fa58026648feb94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3ed734a4b57c6d63e19d403f419d3c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/281e8f4804c29190f5535f58d39341a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db586f2c37b26089713ff02346e6d0d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d64b26bd3eaeebadf07fef49e260282.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/26/87777199-707b-48ab-bba7-306932fad75b.png?resizew=219)
(3)如果金属丝直径为D,长度为L,所测电压为U,电流为I,写出计算电阻率的表达式
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
(1)用游标为20分度的游标卡尺测量其长度如图,由图可知其长度为L=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/6/ea80e940-2d31-46e5-9910-09793dfc031a.png?resizew=231)
(2)用螺旋测微器测量其直径如图所示,由图可知其直径D=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/6/b755b20f-e84b-48be-84c3-e377c29483ce.png?resizew=189)
(3)某同学先用多用电表的电阻“
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d55519bd96aba05e6f1533ddc7bb63fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eebdb972b35aaa81a6662aaf8db1c282.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf3a1e976dc7ccea4600a8ad1121760.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/6/600bce6f-aea9-490d-a698-03fb5b6426a2.png?resizew=375)
(4)某同学想通过描绘伏安特性曲线来研究该电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
A.电流表A(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fa6552a7c10602abe24bfa4a9145a0aa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3268ee21400e819481400197ea8dc736.png)
B.电流表A(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19ed502eae4306d9a1bd2c69c03938c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/486f30b44d1e6ffde2b0682808ca010b.png)
C.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc37e4f57e656f9461e8a8d52e2c6ae4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a6bb65878785532d817f8fd11a9ef3d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3eaceeaa97c180a545d39b4de420ccd6.png)
D.电压表V(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/edaab27d71cd1a342f454c8853e69e4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d20bb2e97ae829f810427e8522f6509.png)
E.直流电源E(电动势
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/41d8b94b084bbad77f6571673d8ccc19.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8c138b79256e27d25ef994a452801219.png)
G.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff5b49f5475814aa05c8299b8b10730a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14ba3ede0350b32e2d94c813d27f2183.png)
开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3482b3e788f6069d41ee5a190c7ef1f0.png)
要求的量结果尽量准确,滑动变阻器应选
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/6/b7fa5202-cd7c-4a6d-ae83-f41b000f6e86.png?resizew=237)
【推荐2】在“测量金属丝的电阻率”实验中,金属丝的电阻Rx约为5 Ω。
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝直径,如图1所示,测量值d =
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/19/20674ce9-f2a1-49cd-a2ce-365edb50a670.png?resizew=106)
(2)为测量金属丝的电阻,实验中提供的器材有开关、若干导线及下列器材:
A.电源(电动势为3V)
B.电压表(量程0~3V,内阻约3 k)
C.电流表(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.125 )
D.电流表(量程0~3A,内阻约0.025 )
E.滑动变阻器(最大阻值约为5 )
为使金属丝的电压能从零开始增大,并使测量结果尽量准确,上面器材中电流表应选用
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/25/96510c49-878a-4500-aa22-8ade8ac72536.jpg?resizew=453)
(3)测得金属丝的直径为d、长度为L、阻值为Rx,则电阻率ρ =
(1)某同学为了测量某阻值约为120Ω的金属棒的电阻率,进行了如下操作:分别使用螺旋测微器和20分度游标卡尺测量金属棒的直径d和长度L,某次测量的示数如图1和图2所示,直径d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/15/e71e8cac-1239-43db-9a1f-89d4512e0cfb.png?resizew=528)
(2)该同学想用伏安法更精确地测量其电阻R,现有器材及其代号和规格如下:
待测金属棒电阻R
电流表A1(量程0~4mA,内阻约50Ω)
电流表A2(量程0~10mA,内阻约30Ω)
电压表V1(量程0~3V,内阻约10kΩ)
直流电源E(电动势4V,内阻不计)
滑动变阻器R1(阻值范围0~15Ω)
滑动变阻器R2(阻值范围0~2kΩ)
开关S、导线若干
为使实验误差较小,要求便于调节且测得多组数据进行分析,所选电流表
(3)在方框中画出测量的电路图。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/15/5316a2df-2a98-46fc-ae45-7a81e12679ed.png?resizew=206)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/700458c01a7ad031e27d80ed43e9e882.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3bd5be33b0fdfd78980e787b89e9b419.png)
图甲为用10分度的游标卡尺测量容器内径的图示。图乙为测量电路,图丙为根据电流表和电压表的实验数据所画出的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/8/f76f739a-daa5-4031-939a-defd91046ff2.png?resizew=217)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/8/38bc00e2-3286-4f16-9edb-48858aa2c14b.png?resizew=343)
请根据以上所述完成下列问题:
(1)容器的内径d的测量值为
(2)请根据图乙所示的实物图画出电路图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/24/f42532f7-97e8-47a7-a5b4-8dbde689e2e4.png?resizew=50)
(3)根据图丙的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e3ef4881bd7c5860178dbdbc7bba6e3.png)
(4)计算水样的电导率表达式
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38739ef043c360794dd1719d0c1db5d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86ebba6ed1add0fe647c0226614b9290.png)
A.电源E(电动势为3.0V,内阻不计)
B.电压表V1(量程为0~3.0V,内阻约为2kΩ)
C.电压表V2(量程为0~15.0V,内阻约为6kΩ)
D.电流表A1(量程为0~0.6A,内阻约为1Ω)
E.电流表A2(量程为0~3.0A,内阻约为0.1Ω)
F.滑动变阻器R1(最大阻值为10Ω,允许通过的最大电流为2.0A)
G.开关S一个,导线若干
(1)如图所示,是该实验小组用螺旋测微器对铜芯电线直径d的某次测量,其读数是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/8/c64acb8e-d04e-40b7-8960-8663ef677e3c.png?resizew=125)
(2)实验时电流表应选用
(3)为使铜芯电线两端的电压从0开始变化,请你为该实验小组设计电路图,并画在方框中
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/8/aea116a8-fa31-40c7-a4d7-960f59baa631.png?resizew=161)
(4)某次测量时,电压表示数为U,电流表示数为I,则该铜芯电线的电阻率的表达式ρ=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/1/5c8dfc27-db67-44ef-b08b-299ede9aa4e2.png?resizew=198)
(1)用游标卡尺测出金属丝甲的直径d,测量结果如图所示,d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/1/23fa7c70-5a6d-4cda-ae58-7810ae1023b2.png?resizew=131)
(2)电压表读数U随距离X的变化数据如下表,请绘出U随X变化的图线
X/cm | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 105 | 115 | 130 | 145 | 160 |
U/V | 3.95 | 4.46 | 5.15 | 5.70 | 6.25 | 6.42 | 6.58 | 6.85 | 7.00 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/1/db638d13-d863-46aa-817c-db54082f567f.png?resizew=253)
(3)在数据的测量过程中滑动变阻器的滑片P是否需要不停地移动?
(4)若已测算出金属丝乙的横截面积为S=0.20mm2,电流表示数为I=1.20A,则金属丝乙的电阻率为
A.待测电源;
B.电阻箱R(最大电阻值为30Ω)
C.小量程电流表G(内阻不计);
D.定值电阻R0(电阻值为3000Ω);
E.开关、导线若干。
该同学设计的实验电路图如图甲所示
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/11/2827035537268736/2828694532104192/STEM/5515f736-7acf-4f1a-a3e5-8457e6eea0bb.png?resizew=539)
(1)该实验可以近似认为通过电源内部的电流等于流过电阻箱的电流,则电阻箱的阻值R、小量程电流表的示数I、电源的电动势E、内阻r和定值电阻R0之间的关系为E=
(2)多次改变电阻箱的阻值R,读出对应电流表的示数I,作出图像如图乙所示,则电源的电动势E=
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/504056ef6c6156edb8ef1bc1bdcad380.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/963a73a661a554bbf37cc74d702ccea0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be9b4a83b9aebebf29de0c4406ebf894.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a10353eb53b3fbac1a0c0734d95f0a0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258e40e3883271c3580c1d3c805dcac6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a10353eb53b3fbac1a0c0734d95f0a0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258e40e3883271c3580c1d3c805dcac6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/11/99580026-8dbe-4c4a-bfe4-01e7096f3154.png?resizew=155)
电流表A(量程为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e9110b480f11f90f17cf766137d1d482.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bc3750a8510ae6193a24f2c02c44074b.png)
电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46ad1a9cd19361d1f7a2340d76d50c80.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9ff9636dacb24087cfac293e360d51c0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f281e85fffd9edc43576e43fddaf501a.png)
电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c688d3183cdee79c0ce7d84a23a38c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86e393a5203916e5facbfd00e81645f6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/57aef97774a94e1c5b15171b575aaccd.png)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d28992ad3dfa0fb26d6451c294d23d17.png)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/510105b21c42d2918241e48d03903d9d.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/47e657159d8201eeca9fa940ee8fde6e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67256368a8a7676db7d01653f4fe28f9.png)
开关一个和导线若干。
(1)要求尽可能多测几组实验数据,所测电压的最小值尽可能接近零且最大值要尽可能接近电池的电动势,则所选定值电阻为
(2)该学习小组实验时画出的电压表V1与电流表A的示数的关系图像如图所示,由图像求出电池的电动势为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/11/f94a76db-f301-43ca-aba9-4895f618f3f4.png?resizew=181)