More than 50, 000, 000 people live in the rainforests of the world and most of them do not hurt the forest they live in. They eat the fruits that grow on the forest trees, but they do not cut them down. They kill some animals to eat, but they do not destroy them.
When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1, 000, 000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200, 000.
The Yanomami live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil (巴西). They have lived in the rainforest for about 10, 000 years and they use more than 2, 000 different plants for food and for medicine. But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and suddenly 45, 000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than a hundred airports. The Yanomami people lost land and food. Many died because new diseases came to the forest with the strangers.
The Yanomami people tried to save their forest, because it was their home. But the people who wanted gold were stronger.
Many forest people try to save their forests. Chico Mendes was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. “I want the Amazon forest to help all of us—forest people, Brazil, and all the Earth,” he said. A few months later, in December 1988, people who wanted to cut down the forest killed Chico Mendes.
In Borneo, people were cutting down the forest of the Penan people to sell the wood. The Penan people tried to save their rainforest. They made blockades (障碍) across the roads into the forest. In 1987, they closed fifteen roads for eight months. No one cut down any trees during that time.
In Panama, the Kuna people saved their forest. They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit.
The Gavioes people of Brazil use the forest, but they protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil nuts (坚果) which grow on the forest trees.
1. The people who ________ have destroyed the rainforest of the Yanomami.| A．pick fruits and kill animals to eat | B．use plants for food and medicine |
| C．have lived there for about ten thousand years | D．made the roads and the airports |
| A．carry away the gold conveniently | B．make people there live a better life |
| C．stop spreading the new diseases | D．develop the tourism (旅游) there |
| A．The Penan people closed 15 roads with blockades to save their forests. |
| B．The Penan people were cutting down the trees to sell the wood. |
| C．The Penan people didn’t want other people to destroy their forest. |
| D．Those who wanted to cut down the trees were stopped at the road blockades. |
| A．buy Brazil nuts | B．plants trees | C．pay for the tickets | D．pay for the gold |
| A．we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees |
| B．the rainforest people have done something to protect their home |
| C．to humans, gold is more important than trees |
| D．we mustn’t cut down any trees or kill any animals |
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The Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years.Slowly, the river cut down through hard rock.At the same time, the land was rising.Today the canyon is 1.5 kilometres deep and 445 kilometres long.The oldest rocks at the bottom of the canyon are more than 1 billion years old.The width varies from about 200 metres to 29 kilometres across.The rim or top of the canyon is about 2，300 metres above sea level on the South Rim, and about 3，000 metres on the other side，the North Rim.As a result, there are different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon.The South Rim is dry desert country.The North Rim has tall forests.
The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different seasons and weather.At sunrise and sunset，the red, gold, brown and orange colours of the rocks are especially clear and bright.In winter, the canyon is partly covered with snow.
The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best.Most visitors come here and stay in campgrounds or hotels.Every point along the canyon's edge offers a different view.
The North Rim of the canyon is quieter.It takes all day to drive there from the South Rim because there is only one bridge across the Colorado River.On the way, you go through Navaho Indian Land, and a colourful pink desert called “The Painted Desert”．
1. The best way to feel the true beauty of the Grand Canyon is to________.
| A．see its photographs |
| B．listen to the report about it |
| C．watch its introduction on TV |
| D．go there yourself and visit it |
| A．the Grand Canyon has a short history |
| B．its size never changed in the history |
| C．the Grand Canyon was formed by the earthquake |
| D．you can enjoy different scenery on different sides of the canyon |
| A．length | B．scenery | C．width | D．height |
| A．the North Rim | B．the South Rim |
| C．the bottom | D．Navaho Indian Land |
【推荐2】Expressway-helps get more interesting news. Here is some.
Sweden Mountaintop becomes smaller The southern top of Sweden’s tallest mountain Kebnekaise, has become smaller by two meters in one year because of ice turning into water. It is 2,094 meters high above sea level, its shortest-ever height. Experts say this is caused by warmer weather. |
Hallstatt, Austria Ancient poo（粪便）shows diet of cheese and beer Some 2, 700-year-old poo from a salt mine（矿）in the town of Hallstatt, in Austria, shows that people enjoyed blue cheese and beer at the time. The finding has surprised the scientists who studied the poo because no one thought people at that time knew how to make cheese. It is the earliest example of people in Europe making cheese. |
Missouri, US 1,000-year-old art is sold at auction（拍卖） The 1,000-year-old Native American artwork from a hole in the Missouri, US is sold. The hole has more than 290 drawings on its walls. The Osage Nation, a Native American tribe（土著部落）, said the sale was “truly heartbreaking” because thousands of their ancestors（祖先）are buried（埋葬）there. |
Saudi Arabia 8,000-year-old rock art Scientists discovered that camel carvings（雕刻图案）in Saudi Arabia are 6,000 years older than first thought. In 2018, carvings of camels and other animals were found carved into desert stones in northern Saudi Arabia, At first, they were thought to date back 2, 000 years. However, new studies find that they were carved 6,000 years earlier. |
| A．It is the tallest mountain in southern part of Sweden. |
| B．The mountain was 2,096 in height above sea level last year. |
| C．It became smaller because there was less snow last year. |
| A．Because they found the earliest mine. |
| B．Because they found ancient people could not make cheese. |
| C．Because they found the earliest example of making cheese. |
| A．Sad. | B．Angry. | C．Bored. |
| A．The ancient poo showing the diet of cheese and beer. |
| B．The rock art found in Saudi Arabia. |
| C．The art found in the hole in Missouri. |
| A．A nature magazine. | B．A history book. | C．A science newspaper. |
| Four Major Plateaus(四大高原) in China |
| Qinghai－Xizang Plateau is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, covering about 2.5 million square kilometers. Its elevation(高度) is between 4,000 and 5,000 meters. |
| The second largest plateau in China, Inner Mongolian Plateau, is between 1,000 and 1,400 meters above sea level in north China. |
| TheLoessPlateau is on the west of Taihang Mountains and on the east of Qilian Mountains. It covers 400,000 square kilometers and is between 1,500 to 2,000 meters above sea level. |
| Covering Guizhou Province and east Yunnan Province, Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau is between 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is the smallest of the four. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall is on the plateau. |
| A．Qinghai－Xizang Plateau. | B．The Loess Plateau. |
| C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. | D．Inner Mongolian Plateau. |
| A．Qinghai－Xizang Plateau. | B．The Loess Plateau. |
| C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. | D．Inner Mongolian Plateau. |
| A．石头 | B．黄土 | C．沙尘 | D．岩溶 |
| A．Qinghai－Xizang Plateau. | B．The Loess Plateau. |
| C．Yunnan－Guizhou Plateau. | D．Inner Mongolian Plateau. |
| A．On the east of Taihang Mountains. |
| B．On the south of Qingling Mountains. |
| C．Between Taihang Mountains and Qilian Mountains. |
| D．Between Taihang Mountains and Qinling Mountains. |
【推荐1】How time flies! Year in and year out, another is just gone. Was it a good one for you? Did it bring you wealth and wisdom? Whether it did or not, here are some good stories that can warm you up. Let’s take a look.
In order to reduce waste, Air New Zealand has started to sell coffee in edible cups. The cups are very delicious. You can eat them after you finish your coffee.
Students at a primary school in Maine, the United States, are learning sign language. They are doing this to help a six-year-old deaf student feel welcome at school.
Sweden has carried out a new blood donor policy (政策). Those who give their blood for medical treatment of someone else will get a text message whenever their blood saves a life.
Sea turtles are making a big comeback. The number of sea turtles has risen to 980 percent worldwide, thanks to the laws and rules that protect them.
In Rome, you can now pay subway tickets with plastic bottles. More than 350,000 plastic bottles have been recycled this way so far.
The world’s first colorful cabbage—a cabbage with a core (菜心) mixed by orange and purple was recently developed by Chinese scientists from Northwest A&F University in Yangling, northwest China’s Shaanxi province. The new kind was created by a team of scientists led by Professor Zhang Lugang with the university.
1. The first story tells us that the coffee cups can be ________.| A．eaten | B．reused | C．self-cleaned | D．collected |
| A．sea turtles | B．coffee | C．new blood donor policy | D．subway tickets |
| A．It’s true that time can really fly. | B．News stories that can warm your heart. |
| C．The stories that can make us laugh. | D．China has made new achievements. |
| A．At the beginning of the year. | B．In the middle of the year. |
| C．During the second half of the year. | D．At the end of the year. |
【推荐2】In China, many people have the habit of buying a new calendar at the beginning of a new year and putting it on the wall. Usually the calendar is made of thirteen pieces of paper （a cover and the calendar for each month）. The pictures in the calendar look very beautiful. But when the year is over and the calendar is no longer useful, they just throw it away.
Now some smart calendar makers get a good idea—a shopping bag calendar. This kind of calendar looks no different from other calendars. What makes it different is that it’s not made of paper, but twelve shopping bags. On every shopping bag, there is a calendar for each month. When one month is over, they can take down that month and use it as a shopping bag. You can find out the date or put things in it. It’s cool and good for the environment.
1. When do Chinese people buy a calendar?| A．At the end of the new year. |
| B．In the middle of the year. |
| C．At the beginning of the new year. |
| D．On New Year’s Day. |
| A．14. | B．13. | C．12. | D．6. |
| A．Shopping bag calendar looks the same as other calendars. |
| B．Shopping bag calendar is bad for the environment. |
| C．People often go shopping with the traditional calendars. |
| D．People often take down the shopping bag at the beginning of that month. |
【推荐3】Who wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste? Believe it or not, that's exactly what world leaders did at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015.
During the meal, the world leaders enjoyed dishes like salads and burgers made with thrown-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste. It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food produced worldwide goes to waste! Why is so much food wasted? Firstly, food is often thrown away before it reaches customers because too much of it is produced, or because it is not kept properly in farms.
Secondly, shops and supermarkets usually throw away unsold food. Finally, customer soften buy more food than they need, so a lot of uneaten food is wasted. How can you waste less food? When eating out, you may ask for less food and take home what is left. Visit fast food restaurants less often, since they are usually more wasteful. Encourage your favorite restaurants to give unsold food to food banks.
You can also waste less food at home. Use smaller rice bowls so that you serve less rice. Encourage family members to use unfinished rice to make rice puddings. Tell family members to make a shopping list and buy only what is on the list when shopping for food.
Food waste is a growing problem and we, either farmers or food sellers or customers, must take this problem more seriously and do what we can to help.
1. What did world leaders do at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015?| A．They threw away food as waste during the meal. |
| B．They made dishes with waste vegetables and fruits. |
| C．They ate food made with waste vegetables and fruits. |
| D．They helped Chef Dan Barber create the special meal. |
| A．result | B．problem | C．reason | D．beginning |
| A．the reasons for wasting so much food | B．the ways to waste less food |
| C．the disadvantages of wasting food | D．people’s ideas about wasting food |
| A．Buying unsold food from supermarkets. |
| B．Keeping food properly in a fridge. |
| C．Using smaller rice bowls when eating out. |
| D．Asking for less food in restaurants. |
| A．To encourage people to save food . |
| B．To tell us the importance of food . |
| C．To tell us how to buy food . |
| D．To tell us the places where we may waste food . |
A study in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings says that owning a pet, especially a dog, may help keep your heart healthy.
The researchers compared dog owners with everyone else and found that no matter what their age, sex or education level, they benefited (受益) the most in terms of cardiovascular (心血管的) health. The findings has also shown that dog ownership leads to more physical (身体的) activity. ▲ People who walk dogs enjoy an average of half an hour more physical activity a day than those who don’t have a dog. What’s more, owning a pet in general reduces (减少) stress. A dog or cat coming up to you may bring a smile to your face. In addition, the pet ownership makes us more social. Almost 90% of pet owners said that having an animal brings joy to their life and helps them to feel loved. Two-thirds feel their pets connect them to other people, whether it’s meeting neighbors while walking a dog or having something in common to talk about with other cat or bird owners.
Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, one of the lead researchers on the team, said what makes this study so meaningful is that it showed the benefits of having a dog not only just increased physical activity. The study included many factors (因素) that influenced the health of the heart and arteries (动脉), for example, pet-owners have a healthier diet than people who don’t keep a pet — thus contributing to a better cardiovascular health.
1. ________ is the best to fill in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2.| A．When your pet is hungry, you are responsible for filling the food bowl. |
| B．Most people, especially old people think that their pets provides happiness for them. |
| C．When your pet needs to go outside, you’re more likely to head into the fresh air and get moving. |
| D．When you are alone watching TV in the midnight, your pet is certainly your best company. |
①being more physically active
②having a healthier diet
③making us less social
④reducing our stress
| A．①②③ | B．①②④ | C．①③④ | D．②③④ |
| A．listing reasons | B．using old sayings |
| C．giving examples | D．making comparisons |
| A．the research encourages people to keep dogs |
| B．owning a pet may help keep your heart healthy |
| C．pet ownership only increases physical activity |
| D．owning pets has no disadvantages |
【推荐2】An Indian movie about two sisters has become a huge hit in China.
The film, which is called Dangal, has earned almost $170 million in China since it was shown there on May 5. It is one of the biggest grossing foreign films shown in China.
China is the world's second largest movie market after the United States. But most of the foreign films shown in China come from U. S production companies.
Dangal is based on the true story of a man who enjoyed the sport of wrestling（摔跤）. He competed（比赛）as a wrestler, but never could achieve his lifelong dream: winning a gold medal.
As a father, he wanted his son to win the medal. But his wife only gives birth to daughters. So he eventually（最终地）decides to train them to be world-class wrestlers.
The movie is more serious than many Bollywood productions. Most tell happy love stories and include colorful music and dance performances. The father role in the movie in India is quite similar to the culture, especially the traditional culture in China.
1. This film Dangal was made in .| A．China | B．Malaysia | C．Egypt | D．India |
| A．To win a gold medal. | B．To train his daughters | C．To make a lot of money | D．To spend much time with his daughters |
| A．Because it has a lot of dance performances. | B．Because it is more serious than the other films. |
| C．Because China has the similar culture. | D．Because it is a love story. |
| A．In a storybook. | B．In a movie magazine | C．In a novel. | D．In a textbook |
【推荐3】Having a bigger brain (大脑) must be useful, right? After all, large brains help with thinking skills, problem solving and social abilities. They are good for dealing with information, too. However, most animals have small brains. That’s because brains need a lot of energy (能量) and large brains take longer to fully develop. This may have stopped many animals from growing larger brains.
So how do some animals grow big brains? To find out the answer, scientists did research on birds. They collected information on 1,176 kinds of birds. The information includes where the birds live, what they eat, how long the parents care for their babies and how big their brains are. Scientists found that parental care has a much bigger effect (影响) on brain size than other things.
The study shows that some birds like chickens need little feeding or care from their parents and have small brains when they grow up. While some birds, like songbirds and parrots, are usually blind at birth. They are dependent on their parents for weeks or even months, and they have larger brains as adults. This is because parental care provides young animals with enough energy and time to grow big brains.
We sometimes think that thinking, problem solving, or social skills drove the evolution of the human brains. Our human brains grow greatly with these abilities. But the research on birds shows differently. Parental care has the largest effect on birds’ brain sizes. Over the last several million years, parental care for our children has grown greatly. This could have made great growth in our brain size.
1. Why is having big brains useful?| A．Because big brains save energy. |
| B．Because big brains help to solve problems. |
| C．Because big brains develop musical ability. |
| D．Because big brains improve physical health. |
| A．What they eat. |
| B．Where they live. |
| C．How big their bodies are. |
| D．How long their parental care is. |
| A．Chickens. | B．Songbirds. |
| C．Parrots. | D．Penguins. |
| A．Preparation. | B．Argument. |
| C．Communication. | D．Development. |
| A．Brain Size and Parenting |
| B．Bird Brains and Parenting |
| C．Brain Size and Thinking Skills |
| D．Human Brains and Social Abilities |
