The Mayan number system appeared in the fourth century, which was about 1,000 years earlier than the time when the European number system was created. It is different from the Arabic number system with a base 10. The Mayan system had a base 20. This system is believed to have been used because the Mayans lived in such a warm area and there was hardly a need to wear shoes, 20 was the total number of fingers and toes, so the system was workable. Therefore, there were two important numbers in this system. Besides 20, the other important number is 5, which had a connection with the number of fingers and toes on one hand or foot.
The Mayan system used two symbols(符号). A dot (.)was used to mean the units(one to four)and a dash(—)meant five. The Mayans were also the first to create symbols of nothing(or zero). The most common symbol was that of a shell()but there were several other symbols(e.g. ahead). It is interesting to learn that with all of the great experts on Maths and scientists in ancient Greece and Rome, it was the Mayan Indians who came up with this symbol zero or nothing. Picture 1 is a form of different numbers and how they would have been written.
From further study, people found that the 360 day calendar(日历)also came from the Mayan. They actually used base 18 when they made the calendar. Each month included 20 days with 18 months in a year. This left five days at the end of the year which was month in itself, full of danger and bad luck. In this way, the Mayans had invented the 365 day calendar.
1. What does the underlined “It” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.The European number system. | B.The Mayan number system. |
C.The Arabic number system. | D.The wreck number system. |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
A.The Mayan number system had a base 10. |
B.All number systems had the same symbols. |
C.There were only 360 days in the Mayan calendar. |
D.The symbol of zero first appeared in the Mayan number system. |
A.a diary | B.an encyclopedia | C.a travel guide | D.a computer magazine |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】How does fake ‘meat’ taste?
What comes to mind when you hear the phrase “space meat”? It sounds quite weird. But in fact, it could very well be the future of the human diet.
A Russian astronaut recently “grew” meat aboard the International Space Station. Yes, you read that right - he grew it using cells provided by an Israeli company called Aleph Farms. But in fact, he was not the first person to create lab-grown meat. Dutch scientist Mark Post grew the first lab meat in 2013.
But why bother growing meat in a lab when we can get the real thing from cows? For one thing, lab-grown meat is healthier. “We gain greater control over what the meat consists of(由……组成), for example its fat content,” Post said in an interview with The Atlantic. Lab-grown meat is also free of the chemicals that are used on farms, such as pesticides(农药) and growth hormones(激素).
Are there other ways to replace(代替) regular meat? McDonalds is trying to do so with the P.L.T., which stands for plant, lettuce and tomato. The first P.L.T. burgers are already being sold in Canada, according to the fast food company.
The “meat” in the P.L.T. is made out of Beyond Meat, a plant-based meat substitute( 替代品 ) created by a company from Los Angeles, US. The company uses pea, rice and bean proteins to produce patties(肉饼) that look and taste like real meat.
Experts doubt whether these products are healthier than real meat. But they have already proven to be a success, with several fast food companies already offering such products on their menus, according to Fox Business.
1. What did the Russian astronaut do recently?A.He grew meat on the International Space Station. | B.He provided cells for an Israeli company. |
C.He built a lab for growing meat in space. | D.He created the first lab-grown meat in the world. |
A.Because it is produced in clean labs. | B.Because it is made from healthy cells. |
C.Because lab meat doesn’t consist of fat. | D.Because producers can control what’s in the meat. |
A.taste better than normal burgers | B.are made out of plant protein |
C.are already being sold in the US | D.are served by many fast food companies |
A.They will be the future of the human diet. | B.They are free from harmful chemicals. |
C.They might not be healthier than real meat. | D.They have already proven to be a success. |
When a computer works on a group of programs, it can get very hot. Cooling the computer can cost a lot. So some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.
Large Internet companies (公司) such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computers. As these computers deal with information, they produce lots of heat, so they need huge cooling systems (系统). These systems send the heat into the air.
A company in Holland (荷兰) thinks paying to make the computers work and then paying again to cool them are a waste of energy. So the company developed a specialdevice—the e-Radiator.
Boaz Leupe, head of the company, says that e-Radiator works as a heating system and saves money. He explains that the energy is used twice—once to heat the home and once to cool the computer and that the users don’t have to pay to cool their computers.
Five homeowners in Holland are testing the heating system in their homes.
“We pay for the computer using, so, in that way, homeowners get heating for free,”Boaz says.
Jan Visser is one of the homeowners. “If you use the computer more, the e-Radiator producers more heat, ”he says, “It cannot provide enough heat if you don’t use your computer often.” But he is ready to try it. It’s a great help for his family.
The company says e-Radiators produce heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the system could save its users about $440 a year.
1. Before the e-Radiator appears, usually the heat of a computer ______.A.is sent into the air | B.helps the five homeowners |
C.is used twice | D.makes the computer work better |
A.to drive the computer | B.to help Microsoft |
C.to heat the computer | D.to provide heat |
A.节能 | B.实验 |
C.仪器 | D.开关 |
A.An Environment Problem | B.A New Way to Heat Homes |
C.The Future Computers | D.The Energy to Be Wasted |
【推荐3】Many of the things we use every day were first made or invented by someone who had a good idea. You might be surprised to know that many of those inventors were kids.
One kid inventor was Frank Epperson. He created a treat when he was only eleven. He left his drink of juice, with the stirring stick in it, outside on a cold night. The next morning, he found that the stick froze(结冰) inside the drink. Eighteen years later, Frank Epperson applied(申请) for a patent(专利) for it and began producing different flavors(味道) of this frozen treat. He called this treat the Ep-sicle and then his children convinced(说服) him to rename it the popsicle. Popsicles became one of the best summer treats.
Sometimes, kids invent things when they see a problem that they think they can solve. Becky Schroeder invented something that worked like a lighted clipboard(带夹写字板) when she was only ten. She did homework in the family car in the early evening and she wanted to find a way to see and write in the dark. She tried and found a special paint which glowed(发出微弱的光) strongly enough for her to see to write. Today many people still use the glowing backgrounds, including doctors and astronauts.
Chelsea Lanmon created the pocket diaper(尿布) in 1994 at the age of eight. She thought of creating the pocket diaper when she was helping her mother with her baby brother. Her invention included a diaper, a powder puff(粉扑), and a baby wipe(纸巾).
Other kids have invented useful and fun things such as board games, crayon holders and earmuffs. They all show that when it comes to creativity, being a kid is no drawback(不利条件)!
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? ________A.Why Frank Epperson produced many flavors of popsicles. |
B.Why Frank Epperson wanted to invent a treat at the age of eleven. |
C.How Frank Epperson got a patent for his invention and produced it. |
D.How Frank Epperson invented a frozen treat and made it popular. |
A.Frank Epperson’s children thought the name Ep-sicle was much better |
B.Becky Schroeder’s idea of lighted clipboards can be used in many areas |
C.it was difficult for Becky Schroeder to invent a special glowing paint |
D.Chelsea Lanmon’s mother advised her to create the pocket diaper |
A.To suggest possible ways to be inventors as kids. |
B.To explain the reasons for kids’ inventions. |
C.To show inventions are important for kids. |
D.To tell kids can make inventions as well. |
【推荐1】Nowadays, we use digital devices in many ways, such as waking us up in the morning, listening to music, communicating with friends and so on. But studies have found that overuse of electronics can affect our sleep, our study and work.
To help people take a break from their always-on lifestyles, America set the National Day of Unplugging in 2010 to encourage people to put away their electronics for 24 hours, which is on the second Friday of March every year.
Without any doubt, many people find that the unplugged day seems longer than a typical day. “Without my phone, my breakfast was too short and I did not know what to do next,” one participant of last year’s unplugging experiment wrote. Another shared his grief at not being able to look at his phone during bus and train rides, calling the day”the longest time of my life”.
But others see the experiment as a way to experience what life was like before the rise of electronics. “My friend and i has dinner in the evening, and we both discussed about how much more present we felt-- how we could hear what each other was saying,” one participant wrote.
Although living without electronics seems impossible in today’s world, unplugging from time to time allows people to slow down and reflect on life. “At the end of the day, I was missing neither social media nor having a digital connection,” one participant noted. “I note. “I was happy for the opportunity to challenge my unhealthy daily habits, because this gave me the opportunity to discover a slower, clearer way of life.”
1. Using digital devices too often might .
A.help us study better | B.keep us away from music |
C.help us communicate easily | D.bring us some sleep problems |
A.in many countries in 2010 | B.on the second day of March every year |
C.to help people take a break from busy work | D.to make people away from their electronics for a day |
A.Rudeness | B.Sadness | C.Happiness | D.Coldness |
A.thought that it was impossible for them to slow down | B.didn’t know what to eat for breakfast without phones |
C.felt exited during bus and train rides without phones | D.enjoyed hearing each other by discussing face to face |
A.Get Back to Real Life. | B.Unhealthy Daily Habits |
C.The Digital Connection. | D.The Longest Time of Life. |
SHANGHAI——Health researchers in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the children are suffering(受折磨)from secondhand smoke.
About 45% of children suffer passive(被动的)smoking in families, 50% in public places, and almost 6% on public transportation, shows a research reported by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center (SCMC)on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the bad effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor. Research has shown that children who are living in a secondhand smoke situation will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from pneumonia(肺炎)and will have a higher risk of developing cancer. Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally(智力上) as quickly as other children.
Other research by the SCMC has found that more than 80% of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke. "Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally smoke-free home," said a doctor named Zhang Yiwen. Parents often want to smoke even though the have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke,180 million of the younger than 15, the age of smokers is also getting lower, "earlier reports said. "There are more young smokers than before. You can see young people wearing a school uniform(校服)and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette(香烟)on the street. Some of them are even girl students," said Jing Xingming, a professor. "Children like to copy adults, especially their parents. If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit which can cause a bad circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers. Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to(上瘾) smoking.
1. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The bad effects of passive smoking. | B.The influences of adults to children. |
C.The bad living situations of children. | D.The attitude towards children smoking. |
A.About 45% of children suffer passive smoking in public places. |
B.About 40 million children aged between 13 to 18 tried smoking. |
C.About 350 million children are heavy smokers in China. |
D.About 80% of the children in the SCMC smoke heavily. |
A.To question about the behaviors of the children smokers. |
B.To show the reasons why children like learning smoking. |
C.To call on people to protect children from secondhand smoke. |
D.To encourage children to give up smoking as soon as possible. |
【推荐3】On March 14, math and science lovers around the world celebrated a special day: Pi Day.
Pi is equal to about 3.14, but the number goes on endlessly. It is sometimes written in Green π. With the help of computers, mathematicians (数学家) have been able to calculate (计算) pi out to over a trillion (万亿) decimal (小数的) places, but there is still no end to the number. This makes pi confusing, even for the most famous scientists and mathematicians.
Pi Day is celebrated around the world on March 14, since how we write this date, 3/14, looks just like the number pi.
For some people, the appeal (感染力) of Pi Day goes far beyond math and science. Pi shows up throughout popular culture. You can see it in movies, comics, music and more. “In modern movies, any time the filmmaker wants to produce a sense of mystery, often the symbol pi is used,” says David Blatner, Jewish American writer of the Joy of Pi.
People also love trying to memorize the digits (数学) of pi and competing against others to see who can remember the most. Many teachers hold class contests to see how many numbers their students can memorize. The Gummess World Record for reciting the most digits of pi is held by Li Chao of China, who successfully recited pi put to nearly 67,890 decimal places.
Above all, Pi Day is about having fun with the number. People celebrate Pi Day by eating or throwing pie and with fun pi-related games and activities. This year, Princeton, new Jersey, held a Pi Event” where people walked 3.14 miles together. Just like the number itself, the possibilities for Pi Day are truly endless.
1. From the first two paragraphs, we know that ______.A.Pi Day is on March 15 | B.the number of Pi is endless |
C.it’s a day just for mathematicians | D.mathematicians are able to calculate pi out |
A.represent maths and science | B.describe something mysterious |
C.remind us of movies and comics | D.show popular cultures around the world |
A.eating as many pies as possible | B.going for a hike for 3.14 miles. |
C.remembering the most digits of pi. | D.holding a birthday party for Albert Einstein |
A.crazy | B.confused | C.nervous | D.cheerful |
【推荐1】Homesick is a compound (复合) word made up of HOME and SICK. You know what each word means on its own, of course. But think about what the words mean when they are used together. Homesick means SICK FOR HOME.
Now think for a minute about it. If you change the word home in the definition(释义)to the word “sea”, would the definition fit SEASICK? Does seasick mean SICK FOR SEA? It means something quite different. Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA. When you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, the last place you want to be is at sea.
Have you ever heard of a person being heartsick? Heartsick doesn’t mean that something is wrong with a person’s heart. People are heartsick when they are hurt deep inside and when they feel as if their hearts are broken.
But, on the other hand, we have such compound words as handshake and handbag. Perhaps you may write definitions for them and knowing something like this must be helpful in your English study.
1. The word SEASICK means “ ________ ”.A.to want very much to go to the sea |
B.what has nothing to do with the sea |
C.to be sick because of the sea |
D.that the sea is terrible |
A.there is something wrong with his heart |
B.his heart needs testing |
C.he’s sorry at heart |
D.he’s terribly disappointed (失望) and sad |
A.where you want to be most |
B.where you want to be least |
C.where you go the last |
D.the last place you want to go |
A.easy to know |
B.difficult to know |
C.impossible to learn |
D.unnecessary to learn |
A.there are many compound words in English |
B.the building of compound words is interesting |
C.the definitions of compound words are hard to guess |
D.not all the compound words are what they seem to be |
Your neighbor is a polar bear!
Polar bears are ready to welcome you! China’s first Polar Bear Hotel opened in Harbin on March 12. You can get an up-close look at polar bears at this special hotel.
The hotel has over 20 rooms. Each has a snow and ice theme (主题). Some of the rooms are painted blue and white. Others have walls that look like glaciers (冰山).
The rooms have windows and floors made of strong and thick glass. You can get a clear (清楚的) look at the polar bears. You are eating in the hotel’s dining hall (餐厅). Polar bears are playing with each other right under your feet! You are resting in your room. Polar bears are swimming or resting just next to you on the other side of the window. You can even feed (喂) these big guys from a safe distance (距离).
Polar bears are right here waiting for you. Come and be neighbors with them!
根据短文内容现在正确答案。
1. Where is China’s first Polar Bear Hotel?
A.Beijing. | B.Harbin. | C.Shenyang. | D.Shanghai. |
A.More than 40. | B.More than 30. | C.More than 20. | D.More than 50. |
A.近距离的 | B.向上的 | C.封闭的 | D.远距离的 |
A.polar bears | B.a polar bear hotel |
C.polar bears’ living conditions | D.how to be neighbors with polar bears |
A.a science book | B.a nature magazine | C.a news website | D.a travel guide |
Can laughing every day help keep the heart attack (心脏病) away? Maybe so. Laughter, along with an active sense of humor, may help protect people against the heart attack, according to a recent study from the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore.
“The old saying that ‘Laughter is the best medicine.’ seems to be true when it comes to protecting your heart,” said Michael Miller at the University of Maryland Medical Center.
In the study, researchers compared the humor responses (反应) of 300 people. Half of them had suffered a heart attack. The other 150 did not have heart disease. Researchers provided people from the first group with a series of multiple-choice (多选的) questions to find out how much or how little they laughed in certain situations. And the second group were given true or false questions to help researchers know more about anger.
Miller said the most important study finding was that “people with heart disease responded less humorously to everyday life situations” They generally laughed less, even in positive (乐观的) situations, and they showed more anger. “We know that exercising, no smoking and eating foods low in fat will help cut down on the risk of heart disease. Perhaps hearty laughter should be added to the list.” Miller said.
It may be possible to put laughter into our daily activities, just as we do with other heart-healthy activities, such as walking up the stairs instead of taking the lift. According to Miller, every one of us is supposed to read something humorous or watch a funny video, and try to find ways to take ourselves less seriously.
1. At the very beginning of this article, the topic is introduced by ________.A.an example | B.a question | C.a problem | D.an experiment(实验) |
A.Why they suffered a heart attack. |
B.Whether they had heart disease or not. |
C.What helped protect them against heart disease. |
D.How much or how little they laughed in certain situations. |
A.the first group of people generally laughed more | B.the second group of people showed more anger |
C.exercising can keep people away from getting sick | D.laughing can help cut down on the risk of heart disease |
A.It is time to take ourselves less seriously. | B.Laughter is as important as walking up the stairs. |
C.Every one of us should do something to keep fit. | D.Laughter is the best medicine to keep heart healthy. |