(1)用毫米刻度尺测量接入电路中的金属丝的有效长度L,再用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径D。某次测量结果如图1所示,则这次测量的读数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a6d85799453899836bc34ad276ec80e.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/13/701f8c94-1e50-4726-bd2f-19af27b56049.png?resizew=138)
(2)用多用电表测得金属丝的阻值为3Ω,现在使用电流表和电压表准确测量金属丝的阻值。为了安全、准确、方便地完成实验,除电源(电动势为4V,内阻很小)、待测电阻丝、导线、开关外,电流表应选用
A.电压表V2(量程3V,内阻约3kΩ)
B.电压表V1(量程15V,内阻约15kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程600mA,内阻约1Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程3A,内阻约0.02Ω)
E.滑动变阻器R1(总阻值10Ω,额定电流2A)
F.滑动变阻器R2(总阻值100Ω,额定电流2A)
(3)若采用图2所示的电路测量金属丝的电阻,电压表的左端应与电路中的
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/13/baaeaa25-1155-41e1-8fdb-6da627d0a478.png?resizew=189)
(4)若采用图3的电路测量电阻率,图中的电流表内阻跟R0接近。闭合开关S,多次移动滑片P的位置改变电路中接入金属丝的有效长度,分别记录每次电流表的示数I和接入电路中金属丝的有效长度L。根据实验中所测的数据,作出的下列图像合理的是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/13/d7a46cf1-eed8-472e-b232-f3e325c1011c.png?resizew=207)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/13/49874b31-b77b-47bc-8084-0682f43cea7b.png?resizew=582)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f7cd9005c54db44eff13c03b1c285da8.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/5aea7543-2a66-44b9-954a-e3a5d4d7e09a.png?resizew=279)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
(2)用伏安法测金属丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b26d0e154ef213ebe194b8b5e519f13.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9db144c76e36b0c4d950698b2bbc39f9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d0210026c88ec845716829b24ecc77f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/951f5dfc2ee88b950c0a4322d9236ce4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4de646d16cef6636f0a520fe1f862922.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6699c896d7394a071917fe3922f3864f.png)
次数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
![]() | 0.20 | 0.59 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.20 |
![]() | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.54 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/30e0e6dd-5657-4ba5-88c6-822fba5927a1.png?resizew=148)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/726dfd5d-2ceb-4df8-afd8-9a7d8dcf07d9.png?resizew=152)
C.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/14dd24cc-612c-4744-a56a-ac807723e5b3.png?resizew=146)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/10db00fd-f7d4-4f2f-871b-4635f905e325.png?resizew=154)
(3)关于实验中产生的误差,下列说法中正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器测量金属电阻丝直径时,读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
C.由于电流表或电压表内阻的影响会使本次实验电阻率测量值大于真实值
(4)请在图中描绘出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d3e89b64cd9b833d677519b0e771ad03.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/2/1c2b4640-98df-44e1-928b-d1ca32be7441.png?resizew=253)
(5)多次测量金属丝直径,平均值为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/90abfa7c6e2cb4ae59c019fac175b78d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04bd482c8aa483cd59b4c22636960fe0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/442257676ca155e57db46b636bd32845.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/29/709e44cd-9b74-491a-b866-d8484da76d9a.png?resizew=321)
金属丝的电阻大约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ec9333c48b31195c71f539b972a98d68.png)
直流电源:电源电压
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/41d8b94b084bbad77f6571673d8ccc19.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ae396d2cf4277c0a9b542c50c9797e4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b5c929172bbfc21741fa7ef1f53b7bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d44d033bbc7752424cc86ae17a748e4.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16dde22198470685960ad27c5ed51aef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/881cf9cbfbbf7bb84f8ca2f3db9ca2f1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/159faf4a64cab518863177238d345ff7.png)
电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7365bea3ff759954688d89542e33679c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a6bb65878785532d817f8fd11a9ef3d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/951f5dfc2ee88b950c0a4322d9236ce4.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ffad6f2a53419f27e944abeca546a208.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e9fd79de5050f5960c9478154c48e830.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c89d69690afac14573ca7ade0445551a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d6e278c32ede0c61f56cb6c0dc50dc29.png)
开关、导线等。
(1)从甲中读出金属丝的直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a6d85799453899836bc34ad276ec80e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a6d85799453899836bc34ad276ec80e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
(2)在所给的器材中,应选的电流表是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
(3)根据题目要求,将下面实验电路图补充完整
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/29/7c84554e-fce7-423b-801f-687e474b703e.png?resizew=121)
(4)用待测金属丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8455657dde27aabe6adb7b188e031c11.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
(5)实验测出的金属丝的电阻为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/80c2b1f221e3b68fc52e7484210e1515.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9942091e83e1d59af01f499a0caee212.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86ebba6ed1add0fe647c0226614b9290.png)
4 . 在做测定金属的电阻率的实验中,若待测电阻丝的电阻约为5Ω,要求测量结果尽量准确,备有以下器材:
A.电池组(3V,内阻r=1Ω)
B.电流表(0~3A,内阻约0.0125Ω)
C.电流表(0~0.6A,内阻约0.125Ω)
D.电压表(0~3V,内阻约4kΩ)
E.电压表(0~15V,内阻约15kΩ)
F.滑动变阻器(0~20Ω,允许最大电流1A)
G.滑动变阻器(0~2000Ω,允许最大电流0.3A)
H.开关、导线
(1)上述器材中应选用的是
(2)在本实验中,某同学用游标卡尺和螺旋测微器测该电阻丝的长度L和直径d。
(3)实验电路应采用如图所示哪个
(4)接通开关,改变滑动变阻器滑片P的位置。并记录对应的电流表示数I,电压表示数U。
(5)本实验所用电路,产生误差的主要原因是
A.电流表测量值小于流经Rx的电流值
B.电流表测量值大于流经Rx的电流值
C.电压表测量值小于Rx两端的电压值
D.电压表测量值大于Rx两端的电压值
(6)用实验过程中测量的物理量对应的字母表示电阻率,则该圆柱复合材料电阻率的表达式为=
A. 电源(电动势3V,内阻可忽略)
B. 电流表(量程0.6A,内阻约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f66de503c8055c43644b847eba74b50f.png)
D. 电压表(量程3V,内阻约
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ad53b547e11f3e4719a70a4b9564cc8.png)
E. 滑动变阻器(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9e064957bcb1884fc847ca9bd4d3ed91.png)
F. 滑动变阻器(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70be1a5dbb49893e73f8cf78eaaebd52.png)
G. 开关、导线若干
小组同学将器材按图(甲)连接后开始实验,回答下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/30/55c2a3fb-846e-474c-9717-06c93e6ba7ff.png?resizew=345)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/30/77ca4cfd-2e5d-4906-8e1e-2e82f5c11139.png?resizew=160)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/30/fdc996e7-230f-4455-9447-a36854c4c7ad.png?resizew=266)
(1)图甲电路中滑动变阻器应选择
(2)测量过程中,某同学拍摄了一张电流表表盘的读数,如图乙所示,其读数为
(3)用螺旋测微器测材料的直径,如图丙所示,该材料的直径为
(4)根据实验数据,小组同学在坐标纸上作出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aa7104aff5c0b8147edfd442e5b4b936.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/abce0383bb1cee6660ec6f42b0a0e044.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4fcc31e765e16be8f0b5d4cc36181c1b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab3757526479c97a46034d5c78f511e8.png)
6 . 现有一段合金制成的金属丝。为测量该合金的电阻率,某同学先用伏安法测定金属丝的阻值Rx(约为10Ω),除了Rx、开关S、导线外,还有下列器材供选用:
A.电压表V1(量程0~3V,内阻约10kΩ)
B.电压表V2(量程0~15V,内阻约100kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程0~1mA,内阻约10Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.5Ω)
E.电源(电压3.0V,额定电流0.5A,内阻不计)
F.滑动变阻器R0(阻值范围0~5Ω,额定电流2A)
(1)为使测量尽量准确,电压表选用
(2)测量Rx阻值的实验电路图应该选择
A. B.
C.
D.
(3)该同学选择器材、连接电路和操作均正确,从实验原理上看,待测电阻测量值
(4)若流经金属丝的电流为I,金属丝两端的电压为U,金属丝的直径和长度分别用D、L表示,则用D、L、I、U表示该合金电阻率的关系式为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/21/c94da778-3631-4680-95dd-3f2089a263e0.png?resizew=479)
(1)小李用游标卡尺测量2B铅笔芯的直径,如图甲所示,其读数d=
(2)小李采用了如图所示的电流表外接法进行实验,想增加电压和电流的调节范围,多测几组数据,请在相应位置添加或删除导线,将电路连接完整
(3)连接好电路后小李根据测得的数据画出U-I图线,然后又将电流表改为内接,在同一个坐标系画出了另一条不一样的U-I图线,在图中将两条U-I图线画出
(4)通过图像分析可知,采用电流表
(5)根据以上测量,可以计算出铅笔芯的电阻率为
待测螺线管
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
电流表A1;量程为1A,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/69858512fa1cabfb3dc7f96c2a70daa2.png)
电流表A2:量程为500μA,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/021888dfdf504a23b64dd2ceec934d09.png)
电压表V1:量程为10V,内阻为10kΩ;
电压表V2:量程为3V,内阻约为1kΩ;
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/24/b81d56ea-59ed-4bd4-a596-8be5ea52ffa9.png?resizew=150)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fb139c9074a61bb3a609c512b3683391.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
(1)实验中用螺旋测微器测得金属丝的直径如图所示,其示数D=
(2)为了尽可能准确地测量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4dac452fbb5ef6dd653e7fbbef639484.png)
(3)图是根据选用的实验器材连成的部分实物图,请在答题卷上将该实物图的连线补充完整
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/24/2ae9186a-1068-452d-9dbf-b0db2a3ad061.png?resizew=206)
(4)若实验中电压表和电流表的示数分别为U、I,则金属丝的长度L=
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d757a8853133814c9a9753443c1cf82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/92e2554579f1bed7f3f42b873da9b43a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/24/16cbf53c-39b5-40c6-85ac-17cacf92787b.png?resizew=111)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/24/0c67dec7-a523-4bf5-8a33-35416c777431.png?resizew=335)
A.毫米刻度尺 B.螺旋测微器 C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/34b8d7900a013ae1b4e6d7326d8f9d11.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d8b27f142adcfa4c8a6d9ff97b0310e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f9d7b3d86746058e486901dbb27ddf5b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/532aa9954ccc46c13a45a05ea1671f99.png)
G.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/39d1ef0f17c61a4b4fada7214dcce36b.png)
(1)除待测金属材料外,应选用的实验器材有
(2)画出你设计方案的实验电路图,并把所选仪器连成实际测量电路
(3)用已知的物理常量和所测得的物理量,推导出计算金属管线内径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/10/4d013748-d6c2-450d-b277-ac8103bfd527.png?resizew=328)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/10/590f61d4-d4a2-4a0a-abe1-819d2e928cc7.png?resizew=356)
(1)实验时,闭合S1,S2置于位置1,改变滑动变阻器滑动触头P的位置,电流表示数有明显变化,电压表没有示数;再将S2置于位置2,情况相同。经检查,电路中所有元件完好,则导线a、b、c、d、e、f、g中出现断路故障的是
(2)修复故障后,用电流表内接法测量Rx的阻值时应该将S2置于位置
(3)用电流表内、外接法得到Rx的电阻率随浓度变化的两条曲线如图乙所示(不计由于通电导致的化学变化)。某次用电流表内接法测得Rx的阻值为2800Ω,Rx的横截面积为20cm²,长度为20cm,则其电阻率为