1 . According to a new study, running 50 minutes a week, at a pace between 10- and 7.5-minute mile, helped lower the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other causes. Working out more than that didn’t mean more health benefits, say the researchers, based on a review of a number of studies.
Because running is a popular form of physical activity, study coauthor Zeljko Pedisic and his workmates chose to take a bird’s eye view of what past studies of running and the risk of death had concluded. The team collected 14 papers that collectively studied 230,000 people for the effects of running on cardiovascular, cancer and other causes. Most participants were from the US and Europe.
Pooling the results from these 14 studies showed that running led to lowering the risk of cancer-related death by 23%, the risk of cardiovascular-related death by 30%, and the risk of death from all other causes by 27%. Those benefits appeared even when people ran relatively slowly and for under an hour a week — less time than the World Health Organization recently suggests.
There are warnings to the research, though. Among other things, possibly these benefits were found because all the 14 studies of running and the cause of death only included healthy people from the get-go, the authors write. Also, only two of the papers recorded how people’s running habits over the years, and how often people ran was self-reported in other papers.
Though the results suggest that people might need less of a workout than the WHO might suggest, that doesn’t mean it’s time to change these standards, Pedisic says. There are other health factors than need to be examined besides the risk of death, he says, and people need other ways to keep fit, too.
1. What’s the new study mainly about?| A．Running as slowly as possible could keep you healthy |
| B．Running led to lower risk of death than other diseases |
| C．Running more than 50 minutes a week was bad for health |
| D．Running less than an hour a week could lower risks of death |
| A．Running 50 minutes a month | B．Running 10 miles a week |
| C．Running 50 minutes a week | D．Running 7.5 miles a week |
| A．12 of the studies self-reported how often people ran |
| B．most of the studies recorded people’s running habits |
| C．only people from America and Europe were included |
| D．running lowered the risk of death from cancer by 30% |
| A．People should run more than what the WHO suggests |
| B．The WHO needs to change its standards for running |
| C．The new study results need to be further proved |
| D．Running is one of the best ways to keep fit |
2 . Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older. Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of 50. In fact, they say by the age of 85, people are happier with their life than they were when they were 18 years old.
The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008. At that time, the people were between the ages of 18 and 85. The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of 24 and 25. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply（突然地） after people reached their fifties.
The study also showed that men and women have similar feeling patterns as they grow older.
However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their feelings. They so spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be connected to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being（幸福） related to age.
1. According to the survey of the Gallup Organization people are most likely to become happier.| A．when they are between the ages of 18 and 85 |
| B．when they come to their old age |
| C．when they are in their twenties |
| D．when they are 18 years old |
| A．20 | B．25 | C．35 | D．40 |
| A．have a positive attitude towards their life |
| B．know how to spend money wisely |
| C．dream about good things every day |
| D．control their behaviors better |
| A．Those who are worried about getting old |
| B．Those who are single and unemployed |
| C．Those who feel unhappy all the time |
| D．Those who suffer from mental stress |
| A．Women Are Easier to Be Happy in Life |
| B．The Young Are Happier Than the Old |
| C．Getting Older Means Getting Happier |
| D．The Younger, the Happier |
3 . You may need to give first aid. First aid is defined (定义) as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person. The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.
Each emergency condition is different. However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.
☆ Be aware of your limitations. Do not try to do more than you are able to. Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them. Do what you can under the conditions at the time.
☆ Stay calm. Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.
☆ Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.
☆ Keep the victim lying down and do not move him or her. You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.
☆ Take necessary emergency steps.
☆ Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system (急救系统)start.
☆ Do not remove clothing unless you have to. If clothing must be removed, tear the clothes along the seams(线缝).
☆ Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with a blanket. Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket cannot be found.
☆ Reassure the victim. Explain what is happening and that help has been called.
☆ Do not give the victim any food or fruits.
☆ Keep the bystanders away from the victim. Bystanders(旁观者) want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victim’s condition. The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.
1. When a person is badly injured on the road, you should .| A．act worriedly and hurriedly | B．do whatever you want to freely |
| C．not move him or her | D．make the injured person stand up |
| A．You should help an injured person in any condition. |
| B．Don't remove the clothing of the injured person whatever happens. |
| C．It is necessary to cover the victim with a blanket. |
| D．If the injured person feels hungry, you should give him or her some food. |
| A．Because bystanders can prevent the victim from receiving first aid |
| B．Because what they say can make the victim think the condition is very bad. |
| C．Because the victim doesn't want to accept the advice of bystanders. |
| D．Because the victim hates being surrounded by bystanders. |
| A．how to save a person | B．what to do when an accident happens |
| C．how to call for help | D．how to give first aid |
4 . Li Ao, a famous Taiwan writer, TV commentator, historian and lawmaker, arrived in Beijing for his first visit to the mainland in 56 years.
Li, 70, said he was driven not by nostalgia(怀旧) but by curiosity, insisting he did not come to see the old China he had lived in, but rather “to see the new China”.
During a 12-day visit, he will speak to students at three top universities---Peking University tomorrow, Tsing Hua University on Friday and Shanghai’s Fudan University next Monday.
He will meet schoolmates of his former primary school in Beijing, visit the Palace Museum and participate in TV programmes and online chats.
Waving his new passport before departing Monday from Taipei, Li said he was eager to make his first trip since his family left the mainland in 1949.
After visiting Beijing, he will head to Shanghai, where he will give a lecture at Fudan University. After that he will visit Hong Kong and then return to Taiwan on September 30.
Last week, at a conference organized by Hong Kong-based Phoenix Satellite Television, Li said he hoped the trip would promote cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits.
Li was born in the city of Harbin in Northeast China and grew up in Beijing. At the age of 14, he moved with his family to Shanghai and from there to Taiwan in 1949.
He is well-known by mainland intellectuals(知识分子) for his satire, sharp commentaries and criticism.
He is also honored as a loyal advocate(拥护者)of China’s reunification(重新统一), which he believes is “irresistible”, and has maintained that the sooner reunification comes, the more beneficial it will be for Taiwan.
In a related development, Peking University authorities say Li will be permitted to read some ancient books, which are rarely shown to the public.
Beijing’s No. 4 Middle School, where Li once studied, also says it plans to give him his student card as a gift. Li published his autobiography(自传) in 2001. His novels include “Mountaintop Love”.
1. What’s the purpose of Li Ao’s visit to the mainland?| A．To drop in on his relatives and friends. |
| B．To come to see the old China he had lived in. |
| C．To have a peaceful talk with Chinese government. |
| D．To see the new China and promote cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits. |
| A．Nanjing University | B．Fudan University |
| C．Tsinghua University | D．Peking University |
| A．Li Ao moved to Taiwan at the age of 14 from Shanghai. |
| B．after visiting Shanghai. Li Ao will also visit Hong Kong. |
| C．Li Ao’s visit to Beijing begins on September 20. |
| D．Beijing’s No. 4 Middle School is Li Ao’s mother school. |
| A．Famous writer arrives on mainland | B．Li Ao, a famous writer |
| C．Li Ao’s speech to the college students | D．A peaceful trip to mainland |
