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1 . The word "orange" describes both a color and a fruit. Which one came first might be surprising. "Orange" when used as the name of the fruit came before "orange" as a word to describe color. While the shade itself existed before the fruit, there was not a name in the English language for the color. Before the introduction of the fruit to English-speaking countries, the color was usually described as a shade of red or yellow.

In the early 16th century, Portuguese traders brought oranges from India to Europe. The Europeans had not seen the bright colored fruit before and didn't have a name for it. The fruits were named "narancia" by Italians and "narange" by the French and were sometimes referred to as "golden apples" by English speakers.

"Orange" was first used in a phrase to describe shades of colors, including in a third-century Greek text translated into English, in 1576. It describes Alexander the Great's servants as dressed in "orange colour velvet (天鹅绒)In 1578, a Latin-American dictionary defined "melites" as "a precious stone of orange color”. While orange represents the color of the objects, it needed the word "color" to follow it in order for the meaning to be clear. In the mid-1590s, Shakespeare described a beard as "orange tawny", one of the first instances of "orange" without the word "color" as part of the expression. Tawny is a brown color often used on its own. Orange was not yet a color, just a shade of brown.

In 1616, in an account describing varieties of tulips (郁金香)that can be grown, orange was used as a stand-alone color. When Isaac Newton performed his experiments on the color spectrum (色谱),he listed it as one of the seven basic colors. After almost half a century, orange   was recognized as a color on its own.

1. Which is the right time order of the appearance of "orange"?
A.As a fruit→as a color→the shade itself.
B.The shade itself→as a color→as a fruit.
C.The shade itself→as a fruit→as a color.
D.As a color→the shade itself→as a fruit.
2. What were oranges called by the British in the early 1500s?
A.Melites.B.Narange.
C.NaranciA.D.Golden apples.
3. Which of the following would be the right usage of "orange" in the 16th century?
A.My ball is a melite.B.The ball is orange colour.
C.The orange ball is beautiful.D.I have an orange ball.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.How to plant orangesB.The spread of oranges
C.Orange used as a colorD.Shakespeare and oranges

2 . It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain.After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

1. The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.
A.taking the blood out of the brainB.trying the operation on monkeys first
C.having the blood go through a machineD.lowering the brain’s temperature
2. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.
A.can last as long as 30 minutesB.can keep the brain’s blood warm
C.can keep the patient’s brain healthyD.can help monkeys do different jobs
3. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain       b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down       d. operate on the brain
A.a, b, c, dB.c, a, b, dC.c, b, d, aD.b, c, d, a

3 . A 1400-year-old Peruvian method of diverting (转向) water could supply up to 100 million cubic meters of water—equal to 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pools' worth of water—to Lima each year, according to a new study published in Nature Sustainability. It's one example of how ancient methods could support existing modern ones in countries without enough water.

More than a billion people across the world face water shortages. Man-made reservoirs store rainwater and water overflow for use during drier times. But reservoirs are costly, require years to plan and can still fail to meet water needs.

Peru's capital, Lima, depends on water from rivers high in the Andes Mountains. It takes only a few days for water to flow down to the city. So when the dry season begins in the mountains, the water supply quickly disappears. The city suffers shortages of 43 million cubic meters during the dry season. It solves this with modern structures such as man-made reservoirs. These reservoirs are not the only solution, however. Over a thousand years ago, indigenous (本地的) people developed another way to solve water problems.

Boris Ochoa-Tocachi is a researcher at Imperial College London and lead writer of the study. He explored one of the last remaining water-harvesting systems in the small mountain community of Huamantanga, Peru. The system was developed even before the ancient Inca civilization.

The 1,400-year-old system is designed to increase the water supply during the dry season by diverting and slowing water as it travels down the mountains. This nature-based method is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides. The water goes slowly into the ground, then flows downhill through the soil and reappears in water bodies near the community.

The researchers measured how much the system slowed the flow of water by injecting special dye in the highlands and noting when it reappeared in water bodies. The dyed water started to surface two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months—a huge improvement over the hours or days it would normally take.

1. How much water does an Olympic-size swimming pool need?
A.2,500 cubic meters.B.4,000 cubic meters.
C.1,000 cubic meters.D.1,400 cubic meters.
2. What can be learned about the ancient water system?
A.It was developed during the ancient Inca civilization.
B.It is nature-based and made of special canals.
C.It is the last water system left in Huamantanga.
D.It can satisfy water needs of Lima throughout the year.
3. What does the underlined word "this" probably refer to in Para.3?
A.Water resources.B.Water supply.
C.Water shortage.D.Water system.
4. Which of the following order shows how the ancient system works?
a.The water flows downhill through the soil.
b.The water surfaces in water bodies.
c.The water goes slowly into the ground.
d.The water flows to water bodies and hillsides.
A.d,a,b,cB.b,c,a,dC.a,b,c,dD.d,c,a,b
2020-09-07更新 | 92次组卷 | 1卷引用:辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2019-2020学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

4 . ACTIVITY SCHEDULE FOR THE COMING WEEK

MONDAY 25th

A SHORT TOUR OF BRIGHTON TO HELP ORIENTATE NEW STUDENTS TO THE LOCAL AREA. Meet outside the school at 13:20.WELCOME NEW STUDENTS
We have 8 new students this week, so come along to the Clifftonville inn on George Street at 8:30 to give them a warm welcome.

TUESDAY 26th

PARTY PREPARATIONSCALLING ALL STUDENTS TO COME BACK TO SCHOOL AT 7:00 TO HELP
Making costumes and decorations for the party on Thursday
The more people that come, the better the party will be.

THURSDAY 28th

FANCY DRESS HALLOWEEN PARTYCOME ALONG AND CELEBRATE THIS CREEPY FESTIVAL WITH MUSIC, FOOD AND SPOOKY DECORATIONS…

FRIDAY 29th

FOOTBALL MATCH AT 16:00 AT HOVE PARK
If you would like to pay, sign on the board.
FREE TIME

SATURDAY 30th TRIPS BY TRAIN

LONDON AND HALLOWEEN SPECIAL
Includes a trip to the London Dungeons, Camden Lock market, the infamous Clink Prison and Chessington theme park for their Halloween evening, plus much more…£21.
LEWES BONFIRE NIGHT AND SUSSEX COUNTRYSIDE TOUR
This mid week tour leaves Brighton at 13:30 and includes an afternoon visit to the famous Seven Sisters, Beachy Head, and cider tasting at Middle Farm. A stop will be made at a country pub for dinner before we move on to Lewes for their annual bonfire parade and fireworks…
Only £10


1. We can infer that the school in the text is nearest to _______.
A.LondonB.Sussex
C.LewesD.Brighton
2. Students will come to Clifftonville inn ______.
A.for a gathering to start a short tour
B.to prepare for the party
C.to give the new students a warm welcome
D.to celebrate the fancy dress Halloween party
3. If you go on the trip to Lewes for the bonfire, which route will you take?
a. Seven Sisters     b. Middle Farm     c. a country pub
d. Brighton       e. Beachy Head
A.daebcB.adecb
C.dacebD.adebc
2020-07-20更新 | 36次组卷 | 1卷引用:2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三下学期第三次模拟考试英语试题
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
12-13高三上·辽宁丹东·期末
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |

5 . Suppose that we lined up our roughly 14 million United States businesses in order of size, starting with the smallest, along an imaginary road from San Francisco to New York. There will be 4,500 businesses to the mile, or a little less than one per foot. Suppose further that we planted a flag each business. The height of the flag pole represents the yearly volume of sales (销量) , each $ 10, 000 in sales in shown by one foot of pole.

The line of flagpoles is a very interesting sight. From San Francisco to about Reno, it is almost unnoticeable, a row of poles about a foot high. From Reno eastward the poles increase in height until, near Columbus, Ohio - about four - fifths of the way across the nation - flags fly about 10 feet in the air.

But as we approach the eastern terminus (终点) , the poles suddenly begin to mount (升高) . There are about 300, 000 firms in the country with sales over $ 500, 000. These firms take up the last 75 miles of the 3,000 - mile road. There are 200, 000 firms with sales over $ 1 million. They take up the last 50 miles. Then there are 1, 000 firms with sales of $ 50, 000, 000 or more. They take up the last quarter of a mile before the city limits, flags flying at cloud height, 5 , 000 feet up .

At the very gate of New York, on the last 100 feet of the last mile , we find the 100 largest industrial firms . They have sales of at least $ 1.5 billion, so that their flags are already miles high. Along the last 10 feet of road , there are 10 largest companies . Their sales are roughly $ 10 billion and up : their flags fly 190 miles in the air , almost in the stratosphere (平流层) .

1. What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?
A.To tell the reason why the largest firms are in New York.
B.To show the geographical distribution (分布) of the United States businesses.
C.To provide a general idea of the size of businesses in the United States.
D.To tell us how the United States businesses are arranged.
2. What’s the correct order of the following places from east to west?
A.San Francisco, Reno, New York, Columbus.
B.San Francisco, Reno, Columbus, New York.
C.New York, Columbus, Reno, San Francisco
D.New York, Reno, Columbus, San Francisco
3. Among the four parts of the imaginary road , which part , considering all the firms in it , has the largest total volume of sales ?
A.The last 75 miles.B.The last 50 miles.
C.The last 100 feet of the last mile.D.The last quarter of a mile
4. Which of the following diagrams (图表) shows the right order of size of the US businesses , according to the text ?
S =" San" Francisco   R =" Reno"   C =" Columbus"   N =" New" York   H =" height"   F = feet
A.B.C.D.
2016-11-26更新 | 486次组卷 | 2卷引用:2013届辽宁省丹东市宽甸二中高三上学期期末考试英语试卷
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