2 . A young girl is being called a hero after some quick thinking helped save her mother’s life earlier this month.

Wet floor caused, Haley Glaser, a mom of four, falling down unanswered in her Franklin Township, New Jersey home one cold morning. Her 4-year -old daughter, Isla, took action and called 911.

“My mommy fell down and she can’t talk,” Isla calmly explained to the police on the phone.

With her 1-year-old twin brothers Jake and Jami inside the home and her mother on the floor, Isla stayed on the phone and spoke to the police as she waited for help to arrive.

The 4-year-old even stayed calm as she worked to quiet the dogs and then unlocked the door for police. Thanks to Isla’s call, officers were able to get to Haley.

“One minute I was thinking, ‘I should call my doctor,’ and the next minute, I was laying on the kitchen floor and made sure that my 4- year -old had called 911 and that she did good,” said Haley.

“She easily could have been scared, but she didn’t,” she added.

Police in Franklin Township, New Jersey, are now praising Isla for saving her mother s life. “I know adults that can’t handle this type of an incident with that much bravery, calmness and distinction,” said Philip.

For her swift thinking, police made Isla an honorary junior police officer and awarded her a certificate of commendation (奖) for her brave and heroic efforts in calling 911 during a medical emergency.

3 . Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.

For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.

Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.

The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.

The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.

Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein. Or AFGP.