1 . Let’s face it.You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating (拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. So why can’t you seem to get rid of that?

Though the psychological causes are still debated, there’s a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity (时间接近). This is often referred to as temporal discounting. For example, if I offered you$100 today or 110 in a month, most would take the hundred and run. But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars in a year or 110 in a year and one month, you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.

But the time and value difference are the exact same in each example. It turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is meaning the further away the reward is the more you discount its value. So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.

So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks?

Unfortunately there is no definite answer, but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities. The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when you’ve done this give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break. Then start the working clock again, Gradually increasing the amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.

It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering.

1. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．This article.

B．Procrastination.

C．An effort.

D．The clock.

2. An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theory

A．interesting

B．accurate

C．understandable

D．influential

3. Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying?

A．It helps them kill time faster.

B．It offers them more information.

C．It supplies instant rewards to them.

D．It strengthens the bond between friends.

4. What’s a suggested solution to procrastination?

A．Rewarding yourself with a future gift.

B．Increasing the amount of work time.

C．Ignoring the process of doing the task.

D．Paying dearly for your procrastination.