1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. techniques B. negative C. factual D. slip E. identify F. conscious G. stick H. distance I. analyzers J. approach K. deceptive

The Language of Lying

“Sorry, my phone died.” “It’s nothing. I’m fine.” “I love you.”

We hear anywhere from 10 to 200 lies a day, and we spent much of our history coming up with ways to detect them, from medieval torture devices to polygraphs, blood-pressure and breathing monitors, voice-stress     1     and eye trackers. But although such tools have worked under certain circumstances, most can be fooled with enough preparation, and none are considered reliable enough to even be admissible in court. But, what if the problem is not with the     2    , but the underlying assumption that lying brings about physiological changes? What if we took a more direct     3    , using communication science to analyze the lies themselves?

Psychologically speaking, we lie partly to paint a better picture of ourselves, connecting our fantasies to the person we wish we were rather than the person we are. But while our brain is busy dreaming, it’s letting plenty of signals     4     by. Our     5     mind only controls about 5% of our cognitive function, including communication while the other 95% occurs beyond our awareness. According to the literature on reality monitoring, stories based on imagined experiences are qualitatively different from those based on real experiences. This suggests that creating a false story about a personal topic takes work and results in a different pattern of language use.

A technology known as linguistic text analysis has helped to     6     three such common patterns in the subconscious language of deception.

First, liars mention themselves less when making     7     statements. They write or talk more about others, often using the third person to     8     themselves from their lie, which sounds more false: “Absolutely no party took place at this house,” or “Nobody hosted a party here.”

Second, liars tend to be more     9    , because on a subconscious level, they feel guilty about lying. For example, a liar might say something like, “Sorry, my stupid phone battery died. I hate that thing.”

Third, liars tend to use longer sentence structure, inserting irrelevant but     10     sounding details in order to pad the lie. A President confronted with a scandal claimed: “I can say, categorically, that this investigation indicates that no one on the White House staff, no one in this administration presently employed was involved in this very odd incident.”

2 . Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. drive               B. reunite               C. genuine               D. cause             E. fruitful F. address            G. harmonious        H. harvest             I. prioritize            J. charge        K. deceptive

1. Her____________ smile lit up the whole room and even those who were feeling down or lonely couldn’t help but be lifted by her radiant presence.
2. The sea here looks calm on the surface, but beneath the clear waters lies a dangerous world of hidden rocks and strong currents, making it____________ for swimmers and boaters alike.
3. Once inequality and exploitation are removed, we will be able to build a more____________ society, where everyone has equal opportunities to succeed and thrive.
4. There have been rumours that the band will____________ for a world tour, causing quite a stir as everyone is eager to see their favorite musicians perform live on stage once again.
5. It is important to remember that not all business people____________ profit above all else, and that there are many who are committed to ethical and responsible business practices.
6. After carefully examining and analyzing the video and audio recordings, the police have determined that there is enough evidence to____________ him with the relevant offenses.
7. Our products are designed to____________ the diverse needs of users, with a focus on providing solutions that are practical, functional, and user-friendly.
8. The appeal generated a huge amount of donations in the form of blankets, medicines, and clothing. The____________ of these items served as a symbol of hope and relief for the people in need.
9. By contributing to a good____________, individuals can improve the lives of others and promote social justice, which helps to make the world we live in a better place.
10. It is his tremendous____________ that has allowed him to push himself beyond his limits and to work tirelessly towards his objectives, which is truly an inspiration to those around him.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. deceptive             B. incredibly             C. compulsive             D. random            E. permanent F. acquired               G. reluctant                 H. attach                  I. justifies             J. chaos K. property

1. Cheerfulness is a_________ of her personality.
2. Grandpa likes to take _________walks round and about the town.
3. The magician’s disappearing act was actually a _________trick.
4. An organization has been formed to help _________alcohol users.
5. Julie has _________a working knowledge of French.
6. The boy was _________to go to school on the first day, but he had to.
7. They built a_________ monument to the hero.
8. The tiny woman had an _________good appetite.
9. Before mailing a letter, be sure to _________a stamp to the envelop.
10. In some cases the end _________the means.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. scared            B. staffed       C. subject        D. deceptive        E. compulsory F. employed       G. secure        H. sacred       I. review

1. For most of its short history, Wikipedia has been ________ by a group of volunteers, with only a handful actually getting paid.
2. Nupedia didn’t have a massive impact. It ________ the old model’ of experts writing entries.
3. Dig down deep into his essay, and never let the ________ simplicity of his writing style fool you.
4. London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a ________ destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey.
5. The funding is ________ to approval by the Board of Education.
6. A recent ________ of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.
7. We must prepare our claim and send it to the insurance company to ________ payment.
8. A ________ place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.