1 . In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?| A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely. |
| B．The quality of the ice will be affected. |
| C．The ice surface will be more consistent. |
| D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
| A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making. |
| B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
| C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon. |
| D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Opposed. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favorable. |
| A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming |
| B．Beneath Olympic Ice |
| C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games |
| D．The Structure of Ice |
2 . Directions, luggage delivery, tasty food. Those are some of the things we’ve seen robots offering at the media center of Beijing Winter Olympics. And most of the robots we’ve seen here aren’t made to look human. Instead, they present a wide range of looks.
Two of the most advanced robots regularly operate in crowded space. One greets visitors, answers questions and offers to guide people through the crowds. Another one cleans the carpeted hallways of the main press center. It speaks to passersby in a woman’s voice. It seems to be speaking English. But we can make it out well, because it also plays joyful music while its two front brushes are clearing dust and dirt like a street-sweeper.
Don’t assume these robots work all hours just because they’re robots. They have carefully managed schedules. For example, the snack robots just go around the media center for about 15 minutes every hour—usually only between noon and 17:00.
Another kind of robots helps out with logistics(物流) at the media center. These robots can carry up to 300 kilograms of goods, move freely along the relatively empty halls and automatically(自动地) recharge themselves. They send unique codes through text messages to the receivers when the delivery has arrived. Then they can pick up the goods with the codes.
There are even COVID-fighting robots, which move around pre-programmed areas spreading chemicals. Food ordering, making and serving in the dining room are fully automatic too. Reporters from around the world can enjoy various food options here.
In short, robots play an outstanding role in the Beijing Winter Olympics. But the most important goal is to reduce direct contact(接触) between people.
1. What can the robots do according to paragraph 2?| A．Sing and dance at the entrance. | B．Guide people in crowded areas. |
| C．Cook and serve in the dining room. | D．Deliver goods and recharge automatically. |
| A．They look like street-sweepers. | B．They show up every 15 minutes. |
| C．They cook food on site for the guests. | D．They have pre-programmed schedules. |
| A．To reduce direct human contact. | B．To promote made-in-China robots. |
| C．To meet the challenge of labor shortage. | D．To test the skill of AI technologies. |
| A．A Wonderful Day at 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics |
| B．Helpful Robots at Beijing Winter Olympics Media Center |
| C．Robots’ Important Roles at 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics |
| D．A Unique Robot Show at Beijing Winter Olympics Media Center |
3 . A WeChat mini-program for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games was officially launched on July 2.
To actively respond to the global climate change, reducing carbon emission and achieving carbon neutrality (碳中和) has become a must in major international sports events.
The Beijing 2022 has always remained committed to being green, low-carbon and sustainable, from its bidding to preparation.
| A．It will be popular among many international experts. |
| B．It will open an individual carbon account for each user. |
| C．More importantly, it contributes to a greener sport event. |
| D．Different amounts of carbon points are based on how low-carbon the activities are. |
| E．It has continuously made breakthroughs in low-carbon energy, venues, and transportation. |
| F．Carbon neutrality refers to taking steps to balance carbon emissions from human activities. |
| G．In the past, major sports events usually achieved this through forestry management, and renewable projects. |
