One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves repurposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.

Downeycling     1     (know) as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of     2     (industry) materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled,     3     limits their capacity for new use. Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper     4     their original one. White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again.

    5     (give) products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product.

Products are provided with codes     6     (determine) their grades and whether or not they may be recycled. Plastic, glass, and aluminium products     7     (code) with the number one may be remade into something     8     equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components.

Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy,     9     other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with     10     high energy cost to recycle.

4 . A city in Sweden has used rainbow-colored garbage recently. It has one of the most impressive recycling records in the world and met the EU's 2020 target of recycling 50% of waste many years ago.

Almost all the citizens in this city follow a strict recycling policy at home. People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories, including food, textiles, cartons and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright color code.

The significance for this becomes clear at the city's recycling factory. The bags are collected altogether, so when they arrive at the factory, they are mixed up. But thanks to those bright colors, scanners can select the bags and separate them easily. One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution (交叉污染物), so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things. The food waste in green bags is processed on site into mud to make biogas, which powers the city's buses. Waste that cannot be recycled is burned at a local factory to produce electricity. This creates greenhouse gases, reducing dependence on traditional fuels, such as coal.

As countries around the world try to improve their recycling degree, some may look up to this city as an example to follow — as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get sorting work done properly at home.

5 . Kitchen waste refers to deserted or uneaten refuse produced by household kitchens. It is heavy in weight and can not easily be disposed(处理)of like other garbage due to dampness.

Separating kitchen waste from other waste can help to reduce organic matter in landfills, reducing smell and waste liquid and protecting disposal equipment. It is therefore necessary to perform garbage classification when disposing of kitchen waste.

There are special garbage trucks to process kitchen waste. Labeled “Kitchen Waste”, the beds of the trucks are covered in a hermetic(密封的) metal topper to contain the smell of the rotting organic waste. There are two sizes of the trucks—the smaller ones are designed to move through narrow streets, especially in the old-fashioned hutong, the larger ones are for wider streets.

Everyday, they stop at the residential(居住的) communities in Xicheng district, pick up their kitchen waste and carry it to the kitchen waste transfer buildings nearby. And Fengrongyuan residential community is one of them. It has 10 residential buildings and 606 families. In the afternoon. Two garbage trucks arrive at the community to collect its kitchen waste. The community now has 31 sets of garbage cans. Every set has three cans in different colors, green for kitchen waste, blue for recyclable waste and grey for other garbage.

Yang Kun, an official of Financial Street office, said that if residents in the community can respect the waste regulations and make it a standard practice in their daily life, they could be rewarded for their efforts.

After the two trucks are loaded with kitchen waste at Fengronfyuan, they will leave for the Xibianmen garbage storage building, where they are weighed before driving to an area to unload. The building has six big boxes to contain the kitchen waste.

To save resources and promote the disposal of household waste, the first step is garbage classification as conducted by residents.