1 . A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.
It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.
Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants.
“It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.”
1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)?| A．The future. | B．The project. | C．The land. | D．The planet. |
| A．Ice below the surface. | B．Too much fish waste. |
| C．The missing of living things. | D．The poor land condition. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Doubtful. | C．Surprised. | D．Funny. |
2 . Life in space will certainly take some getting used to! In a typical workday, crew members in the space station will spend 14 hours working and exercising, 1.5 hours preparing and eating meals, and 8.5 hours sleeping. Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station:
Food
Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth. In early space missions, astronauts could eat only freeze-dried food. But now the station is equipped with microwave ovens and refrigerators, allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food, including fruit, vegetables and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room. With no gravity, they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds, or they will float away! That might sound like a strange way to sleep, but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great!
Exercise
Exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth. Astronauts don’t stand up, sit down or walk in space, so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth. To fight this, astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes, rowing machines, and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while travelling aboard the U.S. shuttle or Russian rockets. But once they’re safe inside the space station, crew members can wear regular clothing. Of course, a specially designed, pressurized space suit is required for space walks.
Personal Cleanliness
Brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment. A little water doesn’t flow in a stream. Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers, then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water.
1. How many hours does astronauts keep awake in the space station?| A．14 hours. | B．12 hours. | C．8.5 hours. | D．15.5 hours. |
| A．More freeze-dried food. | B．More like food on Earth. |
| C．More adjust astronauts’ taste. | D．More frozen food and ice cream. |
| A．Astronauts brushing teeth can’t be a challenge. |
| B．Astronauts wear special space suits in space station. |
| C．Astronauts take some measures to guarantee daily life. |
| D．Astronauts’ muscles have to work much in space. |
3 . Do you want to celebrate your birthday in space? It would be very different from what you might do on earth. For example, your birthday cake would be flying. The candles could not be lit because astronauts cannot start a fire in the spaceship.
Some astronauts feel sick for the first few days in space. Some feel as if they have a cold all the time. That’s because without gravity (引力), the fluids (液体) in their bodies move towards their heads. Their faces look a little fatter.
And because gravity is not pressing on the spine (脊椎). The spine relaxes and stretches (舒展).
Since nothing has weight, astronauts can lift heavy objects easily.
| A．For the same reason, their waists get smaller and their chests get bigger. |
| B．They can even lift (举起，抬起) each other. |
| C．These are items to keep them from floating around. |
| D．Your friends could still sing Happy Birthday to You. |
| E．Astronauts grow one or two inches in space. |
| F．In space, bone and muscles get weaker. |
| G．Astronauts celebrate their birthday easier. |
China successfully launched Mengtian, the second lab module of its space station into orbit on Monday afternoon,
Mengtian
The scientific experiments to be carried out in Mengtian are expected to enable scientists to conduct cutting-edge (前沿的) studies,
5 . China has named the nation’s first Mars rover (火星车) Zhu Rong. For all of us, Zhu Rong is a well-suited name.
In an ancient Chinese story, Zhu Rong had the face of a man and the body of an animal. He rode on two dragons.
When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the god of water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven to the world.
“Zhu Rong is regarded as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture,” a space official said. “The first Mars rover was named Zhu Rong. The name symbolizes light and hope for space exploration in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”
After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world’s first quantum satellite (量子卫星), and Chang’e-4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.
1. What Zhu Rong brought from heaven to the world was ________.| A．fire | B．wars | C．water | D．animals |
| A．a big fight | B．complete darkness | C．light and hope | D．Chinese culture |
| A．the earth | B．Mars | C．the moon | D．the sun |
| A．Zhu Rong is a bad person in an ancient Chinese story |
| B．China has been the best in the field of space technology |
| C．the writer is proud of China’s space technology |
| D．the official doesn’t like the name Zhu Rong |
Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. He
When he learnt of the
Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was actively involved in research work. Under his
In 1999, Qian Xuesen
7 . Wang Yaping went into space aboard the Shenzhou Ⅷ on October 16th, 2021. She became the first Chinese female astronaut (女航天员) to enter Tiangong space station.
Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman,” she told Xinhua.
The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. But she didn’t give in. That strong spirit finally made her dream come true in 2013.
Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages (优势). “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.”
Wang Yaping sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.
1. When did Wang dreamed of being an astronaut?| A．In 2010. | B．In 2003. | C．In 2013. | D．In 2021. |
| A．the space environment is easy to change |
| B．only men can go to space station in the world |
| C．both male and female astronauts can go to space |
| D．men and women will face the same difficulties in space |
| A．Relaxed. | B．Interested. | C．Uncomfortable. | D．Strong. |
| A．More patience. | B．Less weight. |
| C．More problem-solving skills. | D．Stronger. |
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which
9 . Four Women Who Made Scientific History
Katherine Johnson (1918-2020)
Katherine Johnson was a black mathematician and one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist. As a mathematician, she calculated (计算) and analyzed the flight paths of NASA spacecraft. She is best known for making the calculations that allowed the first Americans to enter Earth’s orbit and set foot on the moon. The 2016 movie Hidden Figures records Johnson’s life and work at NASA.
Sally Ride (1951-2012)
Sally Ride was important in creating career and educational opportunities for women and girls in science and mathematics. As an astronaut, she became the first American woman in space in 1983. On NASA’s second and third Space Shuttle missions, her job was to work the robotic arm, which she used to put satellites into space. After she stopped working for NASA, she founded NASA’s EarthKAM project, which provided students the opportunity to take pictures of the Earth and then study them. In 2003, she was added to the Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Ada Lovelace is regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. She helped develop the idea for a computing machine, and invented an algorithm (算法) for a computer. To honor her contributions, the U.S. Department of Defense named a new computer language “Ada” in the 1980s.
Mae Jemison (1956- )
Mae Jemison is a doctor, engineer, and former NASA astronaut. In 1992, she became the first Black woman to travel into space. Jemison excels in many scientific fields, has authored several books, and even appeared on an episode (一集) of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She was included in the National Women’s Hall of Fame the International Space Hall of Fame. Currently, she leads the 100 Year Starship project through the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. This project is devoted to ensuring that human travel to another star is possible in the next 100 years.
1. What did Katherine Johnson and Sally Ride have in common?| A．They both did teaching jobs. | B．They both traveled to space. |
| C．They both worked for NASA. | D．They both spoke up for women’s rights. |
| A．Katherine Johnson’s. | B．Sally Ride’s. |
| C．Ada Lovelace’s. | D．Mae Jemison’s. |
| A．Writing a book. | B．Leading a project. |
| C．Starring in a TV series. | D．Working as an astronaut. |
10 . What will astronauts wear in the future? A brand-new spacesuit is developing. Called the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EEMU), the spacesuit protects astronauts from the tough environment of the moon surface, which is quite different from that astronauts have been exploring for the past few decades in low Earth orbit.
Progress on the suit has been disappointing. “The EEMU represents the first new spacesuit that NASA has developed in over 40 years,” George Nield, previously the associate administrator for commercial space transportation at the Federal Aviation Administration, said, “Now, it looks like things are on schedule.”
Nield outlined the agency’s plan to build five EEMU suits in the initial (最初的) group. One for design tests is almost done and should be completed in December. A second will be built for qualification tests and a third will be tested in orbit on the International Space Station. The final two suits of the set will walk on the moon in 2024 on a mission called Artemis 3.
In addition to the main spacesuits, each astronaut will also require an internal cooling garment, and NASA has now completed the first prototype (原型) of that undergarment, according to Nield. And the agency also needs to upgrade the backpack-like Portable Life Support System astronauts carry to stay alive.
Meanwhile, NASA got a sense of how the new suit will perform on the moon by testing the design underwater. Underwater, astronauts can get a feel for moving around in a spacesuit and using the tools they will operate during a spacewalk. Lately, NASA has been using the pool to study movements like collecting moon rock and dust and planting a flag in the moon surface.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．A new spacesuit is being developed. |
| B．Astronauts will soon be sent to the moon. |
| C．Movements on the moon are being studied. |
| D．Astronauts are testing a new spacesuit on the moon. |
| A．Design tests. |
| B．Qualification tests. |
| C．Testing on the International Space Station. |
| D．Walking on the moon. |
| A．Invent. | B．Choose. | C．Improve. | D．Design. |
| A．To test its quality. | B．To learn how to use it. |
| C．To show its abilities. | D．To see its performance. |
