1 . 选词填空

look forward to; make an impression on; be anxious for; come true; concentrate on

　　Rose is my best friend. Friendly and outgoing, she    1     everyone around her. She    2    knowledge and can    3    one thing for several hours on end. She studies hard and     4     going to a key university. I believe her dream will    5    .

2 . 选词填空

plastic, traffic jam, reusable, species, gas, for instance, have a role

There is no doubt that human activities have warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land. To improve the situation, what can we do? Here are some tips on how to help protect our planet.

★ Keep talking about climate change

The first and most important thing you can do is keep talking about climate change to everyone. The greatest challenge in the history of our     1     should not be a taboo (禁忌) subject. Just one idea shared with one of your friends or relatives can     2     in protecting our planet.

★ Reduce and reuse what you can

As consumers, let’s try to make better choices. Think about these questions before you buy something. Can I reject all that packaging? Do I really need the new product? Besides, use     3     bottles and throwaway coffee cups less. You should keep refillable and     4     alternatives to hand. In addition, fix things when they are broken.     5    , you can replace your smartphone’s battery or screen instead of buying a whole new device.

★ Use cars less

If you use cars less, there will be less harmful     6     sent out to the environment. At the same time, there will be fewer     7    . You can get to your destination by walking, cycling or using public transport. If you need a car occasionally, hire an electric one. If you really need your own set of wheels, choose the most environmentally friendly one possible.

3 . 选词填空

packaging, consumer, claim, affect

We spoke to Kevin Garcia, co-founder and co-CEO of Karst Stone Paper. After encountering stone paper while travelling in Asia, he figured out a way to turn it into beautiful stationery (文具).

What inspired you to start Karst?

It started back in early 2016 when I was travelling through Singapore. I came across this relatively new material which was made from recycled stone waste and     1     to be “treeless paper”. I was immediately fascinated by it.

At the time, it was mainly used for food     2    , because of its waterproof properties (防水性能), but I knew I could turn it into stationery. It was complicated, because the properties of stone paper are completely different from regular paper. The fact that it’s waterproof means every single aspect of the production process is     3    : we have to use specific glues, inks, and binding methods, and after years of testing, we’re still constantly improving the process.

So our products take a little longer to produce than regular stationery, but we pride ourselves on creating quality products for our     4    .

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. behaviour          B. like-minded        C. alongside        D. maintained     E. knowledgeable     F. specific                           G. related                  H. self—respect        I. Throughout             J. valued                  K. Responsibility

Culture describes a certain set of customs, ideas and social     1    of a group of similar people in a society. Geographical borders usually separate cultures. Some characteristics like language, food habits, social rules, music and arts stay    2    in one particular culture.

    3    the world, we have a variety of cultures. Cultures have been     4    from time immemorial and have been handed down from one generation to another. Cultures help people connect with each other and build communities, within the same cultural backgrounds. Individuals belonging to the same culture are usually    5    and have the same ancestral values.

Here are some reasons Why Culture Is So Important.

◇Self-realization: When we study about the roots of our cultures and follow them accordingly, we get to know about ourselves much better. We can be better     6    to our origin and value ourselves more. It improves our     7    and dignity to follow our culture. It also makes us feel proud to belong to our own culture.

◇Knowledge: Detailed study about every aspect of our culture can give us profound knowledge. Cultures never demand blind followers. Everything is well explained and accounted for in history. Studying about them will make us more    8    .

◇Meaning of life: Cultures teach us the real meaning of life. Every phase of our life demands different actions and our culture teaches us that. As we grow up and grow old, our culture holds our hands and directs us towards the right path.

◇Safeguard future generations: Cultural traditions were made by our experienced ancestors who wanted to pass on their     9    knowledge about life to every generation of mankind, henceforth, to make their survival easier.

◇    10    : Cultural traditions teach us to be responsible human beings. A cultureless and lawless human being is just another animal. Our culture and society make us be the responsible entities(实体)that we are.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abandoned                  B. ceremonies                  C. duties                  D. jewelry        E. memorable F. instructions                 G. historical                    H. occasion                 I. predictions        J. supposed K. traditional

One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch (Zhuazhou) of Babies

In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. These two     1     are milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby.

On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the     2    . In a     3     One-Month-Old Ceremony, there will be a rejoicing and festive atmosphere in the family and the feast is     4     to be lively and joyful. However, in recent years this custom has been gradually     5     among young people. Nevertheless, One-Month-Old Feast still remains a     6     and happy moment for every family.

“Zhou” in the word “zhuazhou” means “a baby is one year old”. The earliest     7    record about “zhuazhou” appeared during the Dynasty of Northern Qi. On the day when a baby is a year old, before the baby eats its longevity noodle, the family will lay out sutras, brush pens, ink sticks paper, ink slabs, abacus, copper coins, account books,     8    , flowers, rouges, food, toys, etc. If it is a girl, scoops, scissors, rulers, thread, scissor-cut will be added. The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make it sit up. Nobody will give any     9     or cues to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make     10    about its potential interests, future career and development.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

A. disagreed                  B. neither                  C. uncommunicative D. irrelevant                  E. indirect                 F. uncertain

My classmate, Max, is a high school student. Max is a curious student. Recently, he is talking of some new findings about greetings in different languages. He says he has noticed “How are you” rather     1    , as it does not go straight to what the speaker wants to say. Another example, “Nice weather, isn’t it? ” goes way too far from the central idea. Therefore, he calls it an     2     greeting, and therefore    3    . Max complains that these greetings are just a waste of time.

By contrast, he suggests that Chinese greetings are much more direct, relevant and communicative.

For example, greetings such as “Where are you going? ” and “Are you going to work or are you just coming back from work? ”, are frequently heard in China. They are simply direct, detailed and efficient.

So, one day when we met in the dorm, he told me his findings. However, I was     4    about it, or sort of     5    with him. Since     6    of us had a definite answer, we decided to see our new English teacher, Miss Green.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. rather               B. comments                 C. distant                    D. fiction        E. blank             F. suffered G. stared               H. absolutely                  I. reflect                    J. comfort          K. teenager

When Michael was young, he was sensitive and shy. It was a huge task for him to talk to a stranger or go downstairs to the shops. But the boy who lived in a     1    village 30 kilometers away from the city center found great pleasure in writing.

He often drank a cup of coffee on a Saturday afternoon, starting with a     2     sheet of paper. "I'm interested in many kinds of writing," he said, "from detective story to science     3    , from love story to youth novel…It's really a pleasure to use what you write     4    than what you say to express yourself."

Michael found his talent for writing when he was 15. At that time, he was disliked by teachers for his bad academic performance and     5    from peer pressure. He liked to express himself in his diary. "No one was willing to talk to me then," he recalled. "Sometimes they just     6    at me as if I had done something wrong. Actually I was at loss what to do."

Then he quitted school and started writing. The young     7    wrote 10 pieces of writing in one year, most of which were published on the Internet. Soon his works were recognized by a lot of Internet critics and received many positive     8    from the netizens（网民）. Two years later, he was awarded the most popular webwriter by Sina.

Some readers say Michael's novels    9    his outstanding ability to explore the emotions of contemporary people. "His novels are a great    10    to people who are struggling in our society.”

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. progressively             B. permanent             C. acquired             D. applications             E. separate F. proposed                  G. extends                    H. claimed            I. reach                         J. currently K. supports

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. Piaget believed that one’s childhood plays a vital and active role in a person’s development. Piaget     1    that cognitive development is at the centre of the human organism, and language is contingent on (取决于) knowledge and understanding     2    through cognitive development.

Through a series of stages, Piaget     3    four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period. The sensorimotor stage is the first of the four stages in cognitive development which “     4    from birth to the acquisition of language”. In this stage, infants     5     construct knowledge and understanding of the world by coordinating experiences with physical interactions with objects. Infants gain knowledge of the world from the physical actions they perform within it. They progress from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought toward the end of the stage.

Children learn that they are     6    from the environment. They can think about aspects of the environment, even though these may be outside the     7    of the child’s senses. In this stage, according to Piaget, the development of object permanence is one of the most important accomplishments. Object permanence is a child’s understanding that objects continue to exist even though he or she cannot see or hear them. By the end of the sensorimotor period, children develop a     8    sense of self and object.

Piaget’s earlier work received the greatest attention. Child-centered classrooms and “open education” are direct     9    of Piaget’s views. Despite its huge success, Piaget’s theory has some limitations that Piaget recognized himself: for example, the theory     10    sharp stages rather than continuous development.

9 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. adapted             B. ancestor                 C. commonly             D. considerable            E. descendant F. dialect               G. economise               H. geographical          I. identified                 J. mutual K. verbally

How English Gave Birth to Surprising New Languages

English has morphed into several other languages all over the world. Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating, and sometimes they give birth to new ones. Latin is     1    to a set of languages including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian. But how about English? What will it give birth to?

Three important factors linguists have     2    in languages giving birth to other languages are time, separation, and contact. All languages change with time, as speakers innovate and     3    and each generation reanalyzes what it received from its forebears. This does not quickly make a new language, but it can over time; Latin went through this to become Italian, but Shakespearean English and modern English are still seen as two versions of the same language, as are Ancient Greek and modern Greek.

Separation —     4    distance, cultural divergence, political independence — helps give a changed version of a language an independent identity. As Max Weinreich famously said (and linguists often repeat), a language is a(n)     5    with an army and a navy. Political separation has allowed Danish and Norse (挪威语) to be distinct.

Contact with other languages is a very important force:     6    influence leads to borrowing of words and even grammatical structures. If a language’s speakers move into an area where another language is spoken, there may be     7    cross-influence, and one or both languages may simplify grammar because their speakers are learning each other’s languages.

Sometimes a simplified version is created for the purposes of trade, often using simplified grammar mainly from one language and     8    words mainly from the other. This simplified version — a pidgin (the word pidgin comes from a modified version of the word business in one such trade language) — can come to be     9    used that children grow up speaking it and fleshing it out as a full all-purpose language: a creole. That is, a creole is a language that really has more than one “parent“ and sometimes more than two. Therefore, some people say modern English is a creole. It is a(n)     10    of Anglo-Saxon, but it also has substantial influence in core vocabulary and some grammar from older versions of Danish and Norse, and it has received a large part of its current vocabulary from French.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. defined             B. popularized             C. wordlessly             D. alarming            E. proposing F. nonexistent          G. withdrawn             H. springing               I. assumed             J. seriously K. seeking

A growing number of Japanese have become recluses（隐居者）. Pressure from work and society is causing some to escape.

About a year ago, Mika Shibata's youngest son returned to the family home and went     1    upstairs. He has yet to emerge from his bedroom. At the age of 26, he sleeps during the day and stays awake at night. His mother feeds and shelters him, hoping he will recover from this state.

The Shibata family's pain is shared by many others in Japan. The government says there are more than 1 million hikikomori, or recluses,       2    as people who have played no part in society for at least six months. Many have barely stepped outside their homes for decades.

A handful of     3    crimes have pushed them back into public view. In Maya recluse, aged 51, killed two people, including a child, in the city of Kawasaki before committing suicide.

When the phenomenon became widely noticed over a generation ago, few understood it. Recluses were considered lazy or odd. Mental-health care was scarce and official support     4    

Parents felt responsible and were too embarrassed to look for help. But even now, occasional crimes involved recluses cause concerns that they are dangerous, says Morito Ishizaki, a recovered hikikomori who runs a magazine for sufferers.

In fact, he explains, they are rarely criminals. Many have just collapsed under pressure at school or work and have     5    to their childhood sanctuaries（避难所）.

Support groups are     6    up around the country. Tokyo is among several cities with helplines and websites that try to reach shut-ins, who range from teenage school dropouts to salarymen who have lost their jobs.

Ageing parents often come     7    help, says Ichiro of Tokyo's metropolitan government. He says they worry that after they die, their hikikomori children will not be able to survive.

More than half of Japan's recluses are now aged over 40, according to a Cabinet Office survey this year. That shocked the government, which had     8    the condition mainly affected the young.

Tamaki Saito, a psychiatrist who     9    the term hikikomori, says the government is partly to blame for turning a blind eye. Now the problem has grown. If it is not taken     10    , many more might become recluses, he says.