1 . Weight loss doesn’t happen just by turning down dessert. Here, three women share the biggest motivators in their weight-loss journeys and the simple changes they made to actually achieve their health goals.

Alyssa Greene

The stress of starting college and continuous late nights caused Alyssa Greene to develop an unhealthy relationship with her body. Though she exercised, she didn’t pay much attention to her diet and her overall health until she realized a change had to be made. Over the next 2.5 years, she self-educated about nutrition and learnt what and how much to eat to get the results she wanted.

Today, Greene has lost 50 pounds and relies on self-discipline as her key motivator. “I do what I want for me, no one else,” she says. “For people who have a hard time making a lifestyle change because of family or friends or a significant other, it really boils down to discipline.”

Tanisha Commodore

For years, Tanisha Commodore left no stone unturned when it came to weight loss strategies. After trying countless workout programmes and weight-loss diets, the desperate influencer began entertaining the idea of going to Mexico for weight-loss surgery when her friend happened to recommend a special diet. Over eight months, Commodore lost 80 pounds. “You didn’t put it on overnight, so don’t expect to lose it overnight,” she notes.

Denita Elizabeth

At one point, Denita Elizabeth weighed over 250 pounds and couldn’t remember what it felt like to be healthy. Having made up her mind to make a change, Elizabeth signed up for a SoulCycle membership. Today she’s lost 100 pounds. “Not only had my strength increased, but my whole body composition changed,” says Elizabeth. “Remember: you need to develop discipline and commitment for the moments when you don’t feel like it.”

1. How did Greene lose weight?

A．By working out.	B．By changing eating habits.
C．By enhancing motivation.	D．By going to bed early.

2. What does Commodore suggest people do?

A．Try different strategies.	B．Eat a strict diet.
C．Be patient.	D．Get gym membership.

3. What do Greene and Elizabeth have in common?

A．They are college students.

B．They are disciplined.

C．They are motivated by others.

D．They have achieved their goals quickly.

2 . Obesity (肥胖) has become a serious problem now. According to a recent survey, teenage obesity has increased at an alarming rate across America. Teenage obesity is mainly due to the increased consumption (消耗) of junk food which contains large amounts of fat. This has exposed the teens to a 14% greater risk of having a heart attack as well as seriously high blood pressure.

Various causes of teen obesity have been claimed, the most important of which is being insufficient (不足) physical exercise on the teen’s part. It is argued that teens nowadays who lack (缺少) sufficient physical exercise topped with their unhealthy eating habits are more likely to be obese. Nowadays, a main part of the teenagers spend their spare time on the computer, television or perhaps simply playing games. This greatly limits any kind of physical activity of the teenager. According to a recent survey, around 43% of teenagers spend more than 2 hours watching television every single day.

Long time inactivity in addition to the ill eating habits has increased the incidence (发生率) of obesity in teenagers even more, However, this does not mean that teens do not do enough exercise, but the amount which they do, is certainly not sufficient as compared to their intake of fatty foods. Besides this, parents need to change the whole lifestyle of the family in order to develop a healthier lifestyle of their children.

The teenagers must also be encouraged to take part in other physical activities which require more effort; such as playing basketball, tennis, badminton, volleyball and swimming. Meanwhile, the teenagers also need to be educated on the ill effects of junk food and must be asked to avoid them as much as possible. Their diet must also be made healthier and more balanced, which will help them in losing more weight quickly. For better guidance on reducing the teen’s weight quickly, parents can always turn to a doctor.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Junk food is the main food for the American.

B．American teenagers suffer from high blood pressure.

C．The number of fatty American teenagers is increasing.

D．Most American teenagers probably have heart disease.

2. What’s the most important reason for obesity among teenagers?

A．Bad eating habits.	B．Playing computer games.
C．Lack of physical exercise.	D．Watching TV programmes.

3. Why do teens taking part in exercise still get obese?

A．The exercise they choose is too simple.

B．The method they do exercise is improper.

C．The energy they consume is less than that they take in.

D．The time they spend doing sports is more than that spent on food.

4. What’s the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Rules made for teens.	B．Reasons for teen obesity.
C．Suggestions offered to parents.	D．Ways to deal with teen obesity.

3 . Obesity (过度肥胖) may damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars, a new study found.

Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose.

The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered to be medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids) or water (as a control). Each group of nutrients were fed directly into the stomach via a feeding tube on separate days.

The night before the testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning. As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (功能性磁共振成像) and single-photon emission computed tomography (单光子发射计算机断层扫描技术) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes.

In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum (纹状体) slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed. At the same time, levels of dopamine (多巴胺) rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated.

However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise.

Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health.

Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity.

Much more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if that is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors.

1. What aspects did the researchers focus on in the study?

A．Blood sugars and metabolism.

B．Brain activities and dopamine levels.

C．Nutrients and the digestive system.

D．Food types and environmental factors.

2. What can we know about the study?

A．The results were the same to people with different weights.

B．Brain signals slowed when nutrients were fed to overweight people.

C．Losing weight helped reactivate brain signals in overweight people.

D．Dopamine levels increased when nutrients were fed to people at normal weight.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the research result?

A．Positive.

B．Neutral.

C．Unfavorable.

D．Uncertain.

4. Where is this text probably taken from?

A．A science journal.	B．A sports newspaper.
C．A tour guidebook.	D．An entertainment magazine.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填A．1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new research,which     1     (publish) in the journal PLOS Generics, has found that people’s genes are key to    2     (help) them stay slim. Conducted by     3     (scholar) from Cambridge University, the study has found that thin people have DNA     4     contains fewer variants linked to being overweight. There are genes     5     (associate) with thinness and they play at least 40percent of a role     6     people’s weight. This might help explain why some people are naturally skinny while others have big problems with keeping their weight down and seem to pile on the pounds so easily.

According to the researchers, they     7     (undertake) the study last year to find out why so many people struggle with their weight and they wanted to help them. They added, “it is easy to rush to     8     (judge) and criticize people for their weight，but actually things are far more complex. Healthy and thin people are generally thin not because they are     9     (moral) superior,    10     because they have a lower burden of genes that increase a person’s chances of being overweight.”

5 . Since I came to senior high school, I began to pay more attention to my appearance. I had _________ to lose weight for over six months, living only on a small cup of low-fat yogurt for a whole day. Even if _________ cut my stomach like a knife, I would firmly hold on to my plan to be beauty. Before long, _________ obviously dropped off me and I felt quite _________ until my symptoms (症状) began to hit me hard. I even started _________ from the cold in 27-degree rooms. Though feeling weaker and weaker, I _________ my new body because I looked thin.

Then, one day, my geography teacher _________ that I was resting my head on the desk, and called me out of the class. He shut the door behind me and asked, “You haven’t seemed quite _________ in class recently. Are you okay?” “Yeah, I am just tired,” I _________, too frightened to look into his eyes.

“Christine, I don’t know what’s going on with you, but I want you to believe that everyone here __________ for you. We want you to beat whatever you’re __________, just cheer up, OK?” I said “OK” in a low voice and then I went back to my __________.

The teacher’s loving words touched me a lot and __________ to me. I decided to give up my plan of losing weight, and began to eat everything that was __________. Over the next few months, I __________ gained all my spirit back. Thanks to my teacher, a healthy and active girl was coming back again.

1.

A．volunteered

B．struggled

C．preferred

D．refused

2.

A．pressure

B．failure

C．pain

D．hunger

3.

A．noises

B．tears

C．pounds

D．rocks

4.

A．satisfied

B．shocked

C．puzzled

D．confused

5.

A．hosting

B．shaking

C．talking

D．organizing

6.

A．challenged

B．doubted

C．appreciated

D．checked

7.

A．understood

B．guessed

C．heard

D．observed

8.

A．peaceful

B．energetic

C．friendly

D．strict

9.

A．lied

B．shouted

C．cried

D．laughed

10.

A．prepares

B．searches

C．cares

D．calls

11.

A．exchanging

B．exploring

C．expecting

D．experiencing

12.

A．group

B．seat

C．role

D．line

13.

A．made a difference

B．came into being

C．broke down

D．took place

14.

A．lent

B．stolen

C．served

D．covered

15.

A．strangely

B．specially

C．importantly

D．gradually